Crops ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (3): 73-78.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2020.03.012

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The Breeding of Soybean Variety Qihuang 34 by Phenotypic Design Breeding Technology

Xu Ran, Wang Caijie, Zhang Lifeng, Li Wei, Zhang Yanwei, Lin Yanhui, Li Weiu   

  1. Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
  • Received:2019-08-05 Revised:2019-12-06 Online:2020-06-15 Published:2020-06-10

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Abstract:

The yield of soybean is determined by the population structure and individual productivity. Population structure is determined by the plant type traits including stem termination, plant height, the number of nodes on main stem, branches, petioles, and leaves. Individual productivity is determined by the pods number per plant, seeds number per pod, and seed weight. Each trait has specific genetic and variation pattern. Phenotypic design breeding technology can design the ideal phenotypic value of the target traits and breed ideal crop varieties according to the genetic characteristics and variation range of these traits. Qihuang 34 is a high-yield soybean variety bred by the technology based on ecological environment, production conditions and market demand. It has the characteristics of compact plant type and large individual production potential.

Key words: Soybean, Phenotypic design breeding, Qihuang 34

Table 1

Plant type structure traits of Qihuang 34, its parents and F1"

性状Trait 诱处4号Youchu 4 86573-16 F1 齐黄34 Qihuang 34
结荚习性Stem termination 亚有限 有限 亚有限 有限
株高Plant height (cm) 68.1 59.2 66.3 65.4
主茎节数Number of nodes main stem 17.2 16.1 17.2 16.3
主茎分枝数Effective branch number of main stem 5.9 7.1 5.2 6.1
主茎分枝长Branch length of main stem (cm) 28.2 30.2 33.5 35.5
分枝与主茎夹角Angle of branch and main stem (°) 25.6 51.6 20.6 33.0
叶柄长Petiole length (cm) 20.3 20.6 24.1 26.9
叶柄与主茎夹角Angle of petiole and main stem (°) 39.3 33.8 36.3 19.6

Table 2

Branch length of main stem, angle of branch and main stem of Qihuang 34, its parents and F1"

分枝顺序
Branch position		 诱处4号Youchu 4 86573-16 F1 齐黄34 Qihuang 34
分枝长度(cm)
Branch length		 分枝夹角(°)
Branch angle		 分枝长度(cm)
Branch length		 分枝夹角(°)
Branch angle		 分枝长度(cm)
Branch length		 分枝夹角(°)
Branch angle		 分枝长度(cm)
Branch length		 分枝夹角(°)
Branch angle
1 16.4 19.5 5.1 30.2 17.4 10.2 13.5 9.5
2 15.5 20.2 21.2 49.7 23.8 19.8 32.1 27.4
3 17.2 11.3 22.3 40.2 33.2 21.1 40.0 25.8
4 21.0 29.6 31.5 39.8 45.1 20.3 39.6 37.4
5 45.6 61.4 45.1 61.4 48.2 31.4 48.5 42.5
6 53.2 11.5 44.6 70.1 — — 39.2 55.1
7 — — 41.6 69.9 — — — —
平均Average 28.2 30.2 31.2 51.6 33.5 20.6 35.5 33.0

Table 3

The length and angle of petiole of Qihuang 34, its parents and F1"

叶位
Leaf position		 诱处4号Youchu 4 86573-16 F1 齐黄34 Qihuang 34
叶柄长度(cm)
Petiole length		 叶柄夹角(°)
Petiole angle		 叶柄长度(cm)
Petiole length		 叶柄夹角(°)
Petiole angle		 叶柄长度(cm)
Petiole length		 叶柄夹角(°)
Petiole angle		 叶柄长度(cm)
Petiole length		 叶柄夹角(°)
Petiole angle
1 10.2 10.2 14.9 15.1 19.8 10.3 13.5 0.5
2 13.4 24.9 25.3 11.2 22.1 20.4 26.3 5.4
3 26.3 35.4 25.1 10.2 23.2 29.7 31.7 9.8
4 29.9 29.8 26.4 29.8 26.9 29.7 34.2 9.9
5 26.2 29.9 24.5 29.9 30.5 30.4 33.1 10.2
6 26.3 38.9 22.8 30.4 28.4 30.2 32.5 15.4
7 20.4 40.2 20.9 30.3 27.9 38.9 31.7 19.6
8 19.8 50.1 23.1 39.7 25.1 40.1 28.3 20.3
9 23.5 60.3 19.5 49.7 24.8 39.8 25.5 30.1
10 22.0 69.7 16.3 50.4 23.5 50.4 23.4 25.0
11 20.5 79.6 15.4 60.1 29.1 69.7 23.2 39.7
12 16.5 40.1 14.5 49.8 23.3 51.1 21.0 50.4
13 15.8 20.4 — — 20.5 38.6 — —
14 15.4 19.6 — — 18.4 35.2 — —
15 — — — — 17.8 50.3 — —

Table 4

The leaf shape of Qihuang 34, its parents and F1"

性状Trait 叶片所在部位Leaf position 诱处4号Youchu 4 86573-16 F1 齐黄34 Qihuang 34
叶长Leaf length (cm) 顶叶Top leaf 13.2 16.2 13.8 14.8
倒二叶Top second leaf 16.1 15.6 14.6 15.8
中部叶Middle leaf 16.6 14.1 16.1 14.0
下部叶Lower leaf 13.8 13.8 14.3 15.5
叶宽Leaf width (cm) 顶叶Top leaf 5.8 7.2 7.1 5.5
倒二叶Top second leaf 8.2 8.4 7.5 7.8
中部叶Middle leaf 6.8 10.6 10.1 10.7
下部叶Lower leaf 6.6 11.2 9.5 12.6
叶形指数Leaf shape index 顶叶Top leaf 2.28 2.25 1.94 2.69
倒二叶Top second leaf 1.96 1.86 1.95 2.03
中部叶Middle leaf 2.44 1.33 1.59 1.31
下部叶Lower leaf 2.09 1.23 1.51 1.23
叶形Leaf shape 顶叶Top leaf 椭圆 椭圆 卵圆 长椭圆
倒二叶Top second leaf 卵圆 卵圆 卵圆 椭圆
中部叶Middle leaf 椭圆 卵圆 卵圆 卵圆
下部叶Lower leaf 椭圆 卵圆 卵圆 卵圆

Table 5

Yield components of Qihuang 34, its parents and F1"

材料Material 单株有效荚数
Pods per plant		 单株粒数
Seeds per plant		 每荚粒数
Seeds per pod		 百粒重
100-seed weight (g)
诱处4号（母本）Youchu 4 (Female parent) 44.2 106.5 2.41 26.1
86573-16（父本）86573-16 (Male parent) 73.3 157.1 2.14 18.4
F1 62.7 142.6 2.27 24.2
齐黄34 Qihuang 34 48.7 115.9 2.38 26.5
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