Crops ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (5): 80-87.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2020.05.012

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Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis of Agronomic Traits of Winter Sowing Oats in Yunnan

Sun Daowang1(), Wang Yanqing1(), Hong Bo2, Lu Wenjie1, Yin Guifang1, Wang Lihua1()   

  1. 1Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology/Key Laboratory of Southwestern Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Kunming 650205, Yunnan, China
    2Baoyun Station for Popularizing Agricultural Technique, Huize 654200, Yunnan, China
  • Received:2020-02-12 Revised:2020-05-11 Online:2020-10-15 Published:2020-10-12
  • Contact: Wang Lihua E-mail:dwsun03@sina.com;364669625@qq.com;908242246@qq.com

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Abstract:

To provide theoretical reference for winter sowing oats and to select superior resources in Yunnan, the ten agronomic traits of 42 oat materials were studied. The oat materials were planted in winter in Yunnan and ten agronomic traits were analyzed by correlation, principal component and clustering analysis. The ten agronomic traits of 42 winter sowing oat materials showed significant genetic variation, the coefficient variation ranged 5.43%-42.92%, the variation of days from sowing to maturation was minimum (5.43%), the kernel weight of main panicle was the largest (42.92%), and there were different degrees of correlation among the traits. The principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first three principal components was 79.637%, and that of the first principal component was 44.037%, the second principal component was 25.466%, the third principal component was 10.135%. The comprehensive score ranking showed that the score of cultivated oats was higher than that of edible oat materials, accounting for seven of the top ten. Forty-two oat germplasm resources were divided into four groups at genetic distance 20 with cluster analysis, and the group I included 28 edible oat resources, the group II included 12 cultivated oat resources. There was only Baiyan No.1 in the group III, showed the lowest 1000-kernel weight and yield. In the group IV, there was only Dingyan No.2, showed the longest with main panicle length and the highest with plant height. The resources had more advantages than the edible oat resources to winter sowing oats in Yunnan. In production, the cultivated oat resources such as Dingyan No.2, Qingyin No.2, Jizhangyan No.4, Jiayan No.2 and Bayan No.6 can be introduced preferentially, and the edible oat resources such as Yanke No.2, Baiyan No.1, Bayou No.4, Bayou No.9, Guyan No.1, Dingyou No.9, Bayou No.13, Yuanza No.2, BaiyanNo.11, Dingyou No.1 can be introduced preferentially.

Key words: Oat, Agronomic trait, Principal component analysis, Cluster analysis

Table 1

The germplasm resources and sources of tested oat"

编号
Number		 种质资源
Germplasm resource		 来源
Source		 编号
Number		 种质资源
Germplasm resource		 来源
Source
1 白燕13号 吉林省白城市农业科学院 22 白燕3号 吉林省白城市农业科学院
2 固燕1号 甘肃省定西市农业科学研究院 23 青引3号 青海省畜牧兽医科学院草原研究所
3 杂远2号 河北省农林科学院张家口分院 24 白燕4号 吉林省白城市农业科学院
4 白燕15号 吉林省白城市农业科学院 25 白燕5号 吉林省白城市农业科学院
5 燕科2号 内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院 26 白燕11号 吉林省白城市农业科学院
6 定莜9号 甘肃省定西市农业科学研究院 27 白燕8号 吉林省白城市农业科学院
7 坝莜13号 河北省高寒作物研究所 28 白燕9号 吉林省白城市农业科学院
8 2015-3-2-2 河北省高寒作物研究所 29 白燕10号 吉林省白城市农业科学院
9 白燕2号 吉林省白城市农业科学院 30 坝燕6号 河北省高寒作物研究所
10 坝莜1号 河北省高寒作物研究所 31 定燕2号 甘肃省定西市农业科学研究院
11 坝莜6号 河北省高寒作物研究所 32 冀张燕3号 河北省农林科学院张家口分院
12 坝莜4号 河北省高寒作物研究所 33 白燕14号 吉林省白城市农业科学院
13 坝莜9号 河北省高寒作物研究所 34 YNYM2015-1 云南省农业科学院
14 坝莜8号 河北省高寒作物研究所 35 冀张燕4号 河北省农林科学院张家口分院
15 云南大燕麦 云南省宁蒗县农业技术推广中心 36 林 纳 青海省畜牧兽医科学院草原研究所
16 云南小燕麦 云南省宁蒗县农业技术推广中心 37 青海甜燕麦 青海省畜牧兽医科学院草原研究所
17 坝莜14号 河北省高寒作物研究所 38 白燕7号 吉林省白城市农业科学院
18 定莜1号 甘肃省定西市农业科学研究院 39 青引1号 青海省畜牧兽医科学院草原研究所
19 白燕20号 吉林省白城市农业科学院 40 青引2号 青海省畜牧兽医科学院草原研究所
20 坝莜12号 河北省高寒作物研究所 41 青海444号 青海省畜牧兽医科学院草原研究所
21 白燕1号 吉林省白城市农业科学院 42 加燕2号 青海省农业科学院

Table 2

The ten agronomic traits results of the winter sowing oats germplasm resources"

编号
Number		 生育期
Growth
period (d)		 主穗小穗数
Spikelets of
main panicle		 穗轮层数
Layers of verticillate spikelet		 主穗长
Main panicle
length (cm)		 株高
Plant height
(cm)		 茎粗
Stem diameter
(mm)		 主穗粒重
Kernel weight of main
panicle (g)		 主穗粒数
Kernel
numbers of
main panicle		 千粒重
1000-kernel weight (g)		 产量
Yield
(kg/hm2)
1 158±1.73 17.73±0.81 5.40±0.69 27.20±1.91 138.93±2.50 6.92±1.48 2.66±0.02 94.53±4.11 28.15±0.99 2 946.55±532.57
2 181±3.46 22.07±1.01 5.80±0.20 42.80±0.53 151.27±5.33 7.91±0.73 2.92±0.01 123.40±5.83 23.73±1.09 1 634.07±288.86
3 181±1.73 22.13±3.25 5.93±0.46 43.33±2.84 146.20±1.93 7.55±0.65 2.37±0.09 104.60±9.91 22.76±1.30 1 691.59±25.21
4 158±0.00 26.13±6.90 5.80±0.20 30.87±1.10 112.40±4.73 6.85±1.00 3.41±0.58 163.40±10.58 20.80±2.18 2 261.55±262.77
5 181±2.65 23.73±2.16 6.47±0.31 47.87±2.93 149.93±1.22 8.50±0.35 3.15±0.65 161.93±31.53 19.42±0.88 1 464.13±320.95
6 181±3.46 22.27±2.37 6.27±0.58 38.40±2.20 146.47±5.90 7.68±0.51 2.80±0.58 122.60±31.32 23.05±1.03 1 309.87±268.06
7 181±1.73 22.47±0.64 6.13±0.12 35.47±0.31 143.40±1.91 7.54±0.40 3.77±0.48 143.73±18.06 26.24±1.50 2 556.99±222.40
8 158±3.46 16.80±1.00 5.53±0.95 25.47±1.42 121.73±6.46 6.60±0.56 3.18±0.18 113.73±3.60 27.94±0.82 2 917.79±387.36
9 158±1.73 21.47±3.00 6.13±0.61 35.27±1.45 140.13±7.11 8.34±0.23 3.06±0.35 111.60±18.19 27.58±1.36 2 055.00±183.78
10 171±3.46 23.00±0.35 4.53±0.42 33.87±4.11 141.20±4.95 7.78±0.06 2.97±0.84 105.00±27.94 28.24±0.63 1 838.00±295.18
11 171±2.00 23.27±1.14 5.67±0.42 35.40±0.53 126.20±4.10 7.30±0.21 3.33±0.43 134.27±17.81 24.78±0.33 2 536.07±207.87
12 181±1.73 22.27±1.62 6.07±0.23 44.60±1.83 166.20±1.83 7.75±0.80 2.97±0.89 128.53±50.24 23.59±2.05 1 827.54±411.47
13 181±1.00 21.33±1.14 5.80±0.35 43.20±6.90 154.53±3.78 8.32±0.34 2.82±0.28 126.73±16.11 22.31±1.12 1 516.42±409.47
14 171±1.73 17.73±0.12 5.60±0.87 26.40±0.72 142.80±2.88 6.58±0.47 3.11±0.11 110.07±5.30 28.27±0.77 3 485.14±338.12
15 171±1.73 18.33±0.92 5.53±0.83 27.47±1.51 141.60±5.82 6.83±0.20 3.04±0.58 110.13±20.35 27.65±1.89 3 299.51±561.58
16 171±1.73 17.27±0.90 5.33±0.12 25.67±0.31 131.07±2.58 6.69±0.74 2.57±0.38 94.73±16.11 27.20±1.50 2 041.93±155.76
17 158±3.46 18.47±1.68 5.47±0.31 25.93±1.33 133.53±5.70 7.17±0.34 3.14±0.88 113.40±33.17 27.74±0.35 3 477.30±391.73
18 171±1.73 19.80±1.44 6.53±0.46 36.73±1.68 144.07±6.64 7.17±0.54 2.69±0.57 106.53±25.10 25.39±1.52 2 818.44±403.80
19 158±3.46 20.07±1.21 5.80±0.53 33.33±1.47 146.33±6.46 7.48±0.47 3.24±0.45 114.27±17.66 28.42±0.57 2 285.08±397.35
20 181±3.46 19.93±1.01 5.67±0.58 31.73±0.23 138.60±7.99 6.10±1.22 2.82±0.25 114.47±10.08 24.67±0.60 1 882.45±252.82
21 181±3.46 24.53±1.55 6.07±0.42 43.47±1.55 121.47±6.07 8.74±0.19 4.33±1.27 235.93±86.83 18.65±1.22 609.18±90.23
22 158±1.73 18.00±0.60 5.13±0.64 27.2±3.01 105.53±9.87 7.30±0.82 1.95±0.38 76.07±17.05 26.27±6.04 1 239.28±165.27
23 158±3.16 16.27±0.76 5.13±0.23 31.07±1.75 113.20±4.85 6.77±1.07 1.27±0.61 57.33±28.64 22.41±1.03 933.38±118.43
24 158±1.73 18.40±2.84 5.07±0.61 30.67±3.78 124.87±7.43 7.30±1.53 2.46±0.95 86.33±36.64 28.70±1.27 1 934.74±292.67
25 171±3.46 20.27±1.85 5.60±0.40 32.53±1.21 137.60±1.93 7.61±0.74 2.78±0.41 100.40±10.68 27.62±2.14 1 929.51±324.63
26 171±3.46 20.93±0.31 5.53±0.12 37.80±3.36 148.67±4.71 8.29±0.55 3.30±0.96 129.13±40.77 25.71±1.05 2 214.49±506.76
27 158±1.73 20.73±0.23 6.07±0.50 31.13±2.14 126.33±3.30 7.38±1.05 3.81±0.59 182.07±33.25 21.00±0.72 3 072.05±421.32
28 171±3.46 19.07±1.01 5.20±0.35 33.67±2.90 148.07±6.20 8.29±0.34 3.42±0.76 126.13±30.62 27.20±0.61 2 517.77±400.25
29 158±1.73 19.27±0.42 5.67±0.12 29.27±0.99 119.20±11.54 7.54±0.46 3.12±0.44 159.07±26.96 19.66±0.81 2 706.02±245.67
30 158±1.73 22.73±2.48 6.47±0.50 36.53±2.20 147.47±7.75 8.64±0.73 7.22±1.26 191.13±17.51 37.59±3.20 5 393.73±913.57
31 181±1.73 24.27±3.53 6.07±0.12 59.27±6.77 175.20±4.01 7.57±0.27 4.78±1.27 177.47±37.75 26.85±2.84 2 588.36±244.54
32 171±3.46 21.27±4.10 6.07±0.23 33.67±3.79 128.53±0.31 8.45±0.36 6.48±0.65 170.47±40.84 38.80±5.29 3 997.59±399.74
33 158±1.73 22.53±1.27 6.33±0.42 35.13±2.55 126.87±2.00 8.32±1.27 7.07±0.94 204.07±9.19 34.72±5.02 3 069.43±372.41
34 171±1.73 22.47±1.01 5.87±0.12 41.33±3.37 146.80±7.62 9.30±0.42 5.39±1.23 146.20±19.45 36.65±4.13 3 119.11±843.69
35 171±3.46 23.33±3.53 6.60±0.20 38.00±1.83 133.80±11.56 8.62±0.78 7.49±1.43 171.07±3.91 43.92±9.43 3 649.86±1 071.05
36 158±1.73 21.20±1.59 6.27±0.42 35.07±1.36 132.07±5.44 7.77±0.76 5.50±1.38 164.47±2.23 33.49±8.58 3 150.48±885.39
37 171±1.73 21.27±1.22 6.13±0.23 35.73±4.06 138.27±4.72 7.71±1.22 5.55±0.10 166.33±13.94 33.56±3.39 2 366.13±633.06
38 171±3.46 21.40±2.62 6.33±0.31 38.20±2.11 149.53±5.15 7.36±0.60 5.38±0.72 184.53±15.73 29.05±1.48 3 553.12±488.00
39 171±3.46 22.47±1.92 6.33±0.42 33.87±0.81 147.53±6.35 7.69±0.41 6.81±0.99 192.53±29.33 35.43±1.16 3 087.74±1 021.63
40 158±1.73 21.67±2.39 6.67±0.50 42.60±6.35 153.67±2.58 8.05±0.84 7.57±0.31 247.47±23.37 30.69±1.67 2 980.54±678.77
41 158±0.00 21.80±2.00 5.67±0.31 35.20±2.03 156.27±4.50 8.16±1.25 7.20±1.55 181.20±30.51 39.52±1.85 3 521.74±369.31
42 171±1.73 23.33±2.20 6.27±0.12 39.87±2.20 145.60±9.10 8.39±1.59 6.34±0.72 186.00±7.88 34.23±5.22 3 843.33±337.55

Table 3

Performance and variation of ten agronomic traits to the winter sowing oats germplasm resources"

农艺性状Agronomic trait 极小值
Minimum		 极大值
Maximum		 均值
Mean		 标准差
Standard deviation		 变异系数
Coefficient of variation (%)
生育期Growth period (d) 158.00 181.00 168.43 9.14 5.43
主穗小穗数Spikelets of main panicle 16.27 26.13 21.03 2.27 10.80
穗轮层数Layers of verticillate spikelet 4.53 6.67 5.86 0.47 8.06
主穗长Main panicle length (cm) 25.47 59.27 35.53 6.82 19.19
株高Plant height (cm) 105.53 175.20 139.12 14.22 10.22
茎粗Stem diameter (mm) 6.10 9.30 7.67 0.69 9.03
主穗粒重Kernel weight of main panicle (g) 1.27 7.57 4.03 1.73 42.92
主穗粒数Kernel numbers of main panicle 57.33 247.47 141.26 42.31 29.95
千粒重1000-kernel weight (g) 18.65 43.92 28.09 5.86 20.85
产量Yield (kg/hm2) 609.18 5 393.73 2 555.31 935.79 36.62

Table 4

Correlation analysis of ten agronomic traits to the winter sowing oats germplasm resources"

农艺性状
Agronomic trait		 生育期
Growth
period		 主穗小穗数
Spikelets of main panicle		 穗轮层数
Layers of
verticillate spikelet		 主穗长
Main panicle
length		 株高
Plant
height		 茎粗
Stem
diameter		 主穗粒重
Kernel weight
of main panicle		 主穗粒数
Kernel numbers of main panicle		 千粒重
1000-kernel
weight		 产量
Yield
生育期Growth period -1.000
主穗小穗数
Spikelets of main panicle		 -0.375** 1.000
穗轮层数
Layers of verticillate spikelet		 -0.178 0.531** 1.000
主穗长Main panicle length -0.580** 0.688** 0.503** -1.000
株高Plant height -0.502** 0.312 0.331* -0.656** 1.000
茎粗Stem diameter -0.146 0.570** 0.410** -0.555** 0.299* 1.000
主穗粒重
Kernel weight of main panicle		 -0.144 0.470** 0.617** -0.266 0.241 0.551** 1.000
主穗粒数
Kernel numbers of main panicle		 -0.017 0.646** 0.688** -0.442** 0.206 0.529** 0.826** 1.000
千粒重1000-kernel weight -0.257* 0.084 0.256 -0.062 0.152 0.375** 0.780** 0.304* 1.000
产量Yield -0.355* 0.032 0.348* -0.168 0.166 0.148 0.673** 0.395** 0.704** 1.000

Table 5

Principal component enrollment eigenvalues and eigenvectors of ten agronomic traits to the oats germplasm resources"

农艺性状
Agronomic trait		 主成分1
Principal component 1		 主成分2
Principal component 2		 主成分3
Principal component 3
生育期Growth period (d) 0.227 0.792 0.279
主穗小穗数Spikelets of main panicle 0.748 0.360 -0.326
穗轮层数Layers of verticillate spikelet 0.779 0.023 -0.129
主穗长Main panicle length (cm) 0.670 0.655 0.049
株高Plant height (cm) 0.528 0.398 0.674
茎粗Stem diameter (mm) 0.731 0.088 -0.137
主穗粒重Kernel weight of main panicle (g) 0.857 -0.464 -0.027
主穗粒数Kernel numbers of main panicle 0.841 -0.124 -0.359
千粒重1000-kernel weight (g) 0.519 -0.662 0.334
产量Yield (kg/hm2) 0.462 -0.724 0.311
特征值Eigenvalue 4.404 2.547 1.013
贡献率Contribution rate (%) 44.037 25.466 10.135
累计贡献率Cumulative contribution rate (%) 44.037 69.502 79.637

Fig.1

Correlation between the eigenvalue of ten agronomic traits and the number of components to the winter sowing oats germplasm resources"

Table 6

Enrollment principal component score, comprehensive scores and rankings of 42 oat germplasm resources"

编号
Number		 主成分1得分
Principal component 1 score		 主成分2得分
Principal component 2 score		 主成分3得分
Principal component 3 score		 综合得分
Comprehensive score		 排名
Ranking
1 -5.1263 -2.1544 0.9099 -3.4078 37
2 0.2262 3.8727 0.4476 1.4205 15
3 -0.7509 4.0215 0.3686 0.9177 20
4 -1.6508 -0.2462 -2.8609 -1.3557 31
5 3.3542 5.1414 -0.7486 3.4036 3
6 -0.0814 3.7043 -0.0608 1.1318 17
7 1.0046 1.6960 0.2110 1.1247 18
8 -5.7622 -3.1368 0.0529 -4.1827 40
9 -0.3076 0.0577 -0.4700 -0.2114 24
10 -3.0276 1.3077 0.3173 -1.2156 29
11 -1.1898 0.7430 -0.8534 -0.5289 25
12 1.5019 4.3284 1.1104 2.3560 9
13 0.4127 4.2089 0.4819 1.6355 12
14 -3.9674 -1.6283 1.5454 -2.5179 35
15 -3.7326 -1.2042 1.2824 -2.2859 33
16 -6.3291 -0.6720 0.6997 -3.6256 38
17 -4.0040 -2.8270 0.4594 -3.0597 36
18 -0.9176 0.8126 0.6626 -0.1632 23
19 -1.8517 -0.6314 0.3704 -1.1787 28
20 -4.1801 1.6369 0.6800 -1.7015 32
21 3.2925 4.2736 -3.1568 2.7855 7
22 -8.0422 -1.2287 -1.2187 -4.9951 41
23 -9.7219 -0.0802 -0.6255 -5.4812 42
24 -5.9526 -1.2798 -0.0429 -3.7063 39
25 -2.8176 0.7429 0.3094 -1.2811 30
26 -0.2546 1.5170 0.3934 0.3944 21
27 -0.8993 -1.4175 -1.4862 -1.1397 27
28 -1.5710 0.3649 0.9034 -0.6370 26
29 -3.4204 -1.3393 -1.5427 -2.5160 34
30 7.5443 -4.4265 0.4952 2.8193 6
31 6.2786 4.6960 1.3872 5.1501 1
32 4.1790 -3.1787 0.1226 1.3100 16
33 4.7980 -3.0917 -1.4047 1.4858 14
34 4.9355 -0.3558 0.5649 2.6873 8
35 7.3412 -2.8228 0.0824 3.1673 4
36 2.2245 -2.6237 -0.5237 0.3245 22
37 2.2704 -0.6817 -0.0643 1.0293 19
38 3.3965 -0.5572 0.4689 1.7597 11
39 4.8024 -1.5889 0.2427 2.1784 10
40 7.2167 -1.5149 -0.6288 3.4262 2
41 4.6452 -3.2906 0.9226 1.6338 13
42 6.1340 -1.1473 0.1955 3.0499 5

Fig.2

Hierarchical clustering tree diagram of ten agronomic traits to the oats germplasm resources"

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