Crops ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (1): 175-181.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2021.01.024

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Emergy Analysis of Inputs and Outputs of Major Field Crop Ecosystems in Hunan Province

Zhou Jiang1(), Xie Yizhang2, Xiang Ping'an1,2()   

  1. 1Rural Ecosystem Health Laboratory of Hunan Dongting Lake Area, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
    2Business School, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
  • Received:2020-05-10 Revised:2020-11-10 Online:2021-02-15 Published:2021-02-23
  • Contact: Xiang Ping'an E-mail:1090903824@qq.com;Xiangpa@hunau.edu.cn

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Abstract:

Comparing the inputs and outputs of different field crop ecosystems is an important prerequisite for optimizing crop production structure and designing sustainable farmland management policies. In this paper, the input-output status of oilseed rape, cotton, flue-cured tobacco, and rice ecosystems in Hunan province was analyzed using the emergy analysis method. The emergy evaluation indexes of each ecosystem were compared. It was found that the inputs of four crop ecosystems were less dependent on natural resources and mainly rely on market inputs. Specifically, the input of emergy of machinery and fuel increased, the input of agricultural chemicals remained unchanged, and the input of manpower and organic fertilizer decreased. Although the environmental load ratios (ELR) of the four crop ecosystems were all less than three, they all showed an upward trend. The order of emergy sustainability index (ESI) of four crop ecosystems was oilseed rape > cotton > rice > flue-cured tobacco. This paper argued that conventional profit margins seriously underestimate the contribution of oilseed rape, cotton, and rice ecosystems to environment. In view of the low environmental pressure of oilseed rape ecosystem, considering the control of its ELR, its planting scale can be appropriately expanded.

Key words: Oilseed rape, Cotton, Flue-cured tobacco, Rice, Emergy analysis, Efficiency, Hunan province

Fig.1

Change of major field crops planting area and proportion in Hunan province from 2006 to 2018[9]"

Fig.2

Natural resource emergy proportion input change of major field crop ecosystems in Hunan province"

Fig.3

Industrial emergy proportion input change of major field crop ecosystems in Hunan province"

Fig.4

Renewable organic emergy proportion input change of major field crop ecosystems in Hunan province"

Fig.5

Purchasing emergy proportion input change of major field crop ecosystems in Hunan province"

Fig.6

Chemical fertilizer and pesticide emergy input change of major field crop ecosystems in Hunan province"

Table 1

Emergy indexes of major field crop ecosystems in Hunan province from 2006 to 2018"

项目
Item		 油菜Oilseed rape 棉花Cotton
2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
EIR 3.99 4.63 5.07 4.09 5.13 4.28 5.11 11.38 11.50 8.91 9.59 9.27 8.49 10.23
EYR 14.62 11.39 14.07 10.24 11.84 9.64 12.69 8.38 6.74 6.81 7.66 5.89 7.63 8.08
ELR 0.29 0.30 0.42 0.50 0.64 0.63 0.92 0.34 0.40 0.43 0.41 0.40 0.44 0.46
ESI 49.70 38.18 33.75 20.31 18.49 15.39 13.77 24.68 16.72 15.89 18.76 14.57 17.54 17.73
项目
Item		 烤烟Flue-cured tobacco 水稻Rice
2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
EIR 16.61 17.30 13.45 13.94 13.35 13.06 15.89 5.61 6.76 5.35 5.97 9.73 5.27 6.79
EYR 0.08 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.08 0.08 2.50 2.48 2.17 2.14 2.04 2.19 2.46
ELR 0.60 0.49 0.57 0.69 0.80 0.84 1.01 0.57 0.80 0.86 1.05 1.41 1.33 1.54
ESI 0.13 0.19 0.14 0.12 0.09 0.09 0.08 4.40 3.12 2.53 2.03 1.45 1.64 1.59

Table 2

Profit rate of major field crop ecosystems in Hunan province from 2006 to 2018 %"

年份
Year		 成本–收益分析法[16]
Cost-benefit analysis method		 能值分析法（只计算购买能值）
Emergy analysis method (only
calculating purchasing emergy)		 能值分析法（含自然资源能值）
Emergy analysis (including
natural resources emergy)
油菜
Oilseed
rape		 棉花
Cotton		 烤烟
Flue-cured
tobacco		 水稻
Rice		 油菜
Oilseed
rape		 棉花
Cotton		 烤烟
Flue-cured
tobacco		 水稻
Rice		 油菜
Oilseed
rape		 棉花
Cotton		 烤烟
Flue-cured
tobacco		 水稻
Rice
2006 9.83 51.88 -0.79 35.29 1 362.33 737.69 -91.94 150.40 1 069.38 670.05 -92.40 112.52
2008 58.67 -13.46 19.20 37.53 1 039.17 574.39 -90.74 148.16 836.80 520.42 -91.24 116.16
2010 8.82 81.81 -5.04 31.23 1 306.84 580.84 -92.05 116.97 1 075.16 512.14 -92.60 82.82
2012 -24.42 -4.69 -2.16 27.48 923.88 666.31 -91.72 113.60 722.89 593.93 -92.27 82.93
2014 -16.27 -59.87 -8.56 13.91 1 083.68 488.66 -92.70 103.97 890.69 431.32 -93.21 84.96
2016 -43.32 -38.96 -5.20 10.94 864.18 663.01 -92.42 119.47 681.53 582.61 -92.96 84.47
2018 -16.71 -50.51 2.08 6.98 1 169.17 707.85 -92.09 145.72 961.56 635.90 -92.56 114.17
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