Crops ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (4): 67-72.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2021.04.010

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Effects of Straw Returning on Photosynthetic Matter Production Characteristics, Quality of Rice and Soil Nutrients

Wang Guojiao(), Song Peng, Yang Zhenzhong, Zhang Wenzhong()   

  1. Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
  • Received:2020-07-28 Revised:2020-09-30 Online:2021-08-15 Published:2021-08-13
  • Contact: Zhang Wenzhong E-mail:syaurice@syau.edu.cn;zwzhong@126.com

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Abstract:

The purpose of this study was to make full use of straw resources and reduce environmental pollution caused by straw burning. A field experiment was conducted using japonica rice Yanfeng 47 with straw returning (S) and no straw returning (CK) treatments. The accumulation, distribution and transportation of dry matter, yield and rice quality, soil total nutrient, and available nutrient content were determined. The results showed that the rice yield of S treatment was lower than that of CK, and the difference was not significant. Compared with CK, S treatment significantly increased the dry matter weight of leaves, stems, and sheaths and the dry matter weight ratio to the total plant at the mature stage, but the dry matter export rate and transformation rate of each part were significantly reduced. S treatment significantly reduced chalky grain rate, chalkiness area, chalkiness degree, and amylose content of rice and improved the taste value of rice. There was no significant difference in brown rice rate, milled rice rate, and head rice rate between CK and S treatment. S treatment significantly increased the contents of organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, and available potassium in the soil during the main growth period of rice and had no significant effects on the total potassium content and C/N of the soil. Compared with CK, S treatment significantly reduced the soil ammonium nitrogen content at the heading stage and the soil ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen content at the milking and maturity stages. These results demonstrated that the promotion of straw returning in Liaoning would not significantly affect rice yield and was beneficial for soil fertility and the improvement of rice quality.

Key words: Straw returning, Rice, Photosynthetic matter production, Rice quality, Soil nutrients

Table 1

Effects of straw returning on grain yield and its components"

处理
Treatment		 穗数
Panicles
(×104/hm2)		 穗粒数
Grains per
panicle		 结实率
Seed-setting
rate (%)		 千粒重
1000-grain
weight (g)		 理论产量
Theoretical yield
(×103kg/hm2)		 实收产量
Actual yield
(×103kg/hm2)
CK 448.15±15.49 112.21±4.98** 93.31±1.33 23.09±1.19 10.83±0.73 10.97±0.21
S 458.33±23.74 96.60±3.80 93.04±0.96 24.39±0.61** 10.05±0.67 10.21±0.16

Table 2

Effects of straw returning on rice quality"

处理
Treatment		 加工品质Milling quality 外观品质Apperance quality 食味及营养品质Taste and nutritional quality
糙米率
Brown rice rate (%)		 精米率
Milled rice rate (%)		 整精米率
Head rice rate (%)		 垩白粒率
Chalky grain rate (%)		 垩白大小
Chalkiness area (%)		 垩白度
Chalkiness degree (%)		 蛋白质含量
Protein
content (%)		 直链淀粉含量
Amylose
content (%)		 食味值
Taste
value
CK 83.86±0.47 71.27±3.51 64.04±4.24 21.36±0.71** 19.72±0.53** 4.22±0.23** 9.22±0.28 17.51±0.54** 78.47±1.42
S 83.92±0.41 73.48±2.26 68.57±3.78 18.02±0.99 16.69±0.95 3.02±0.34 8.99±0.22 16.59±0.48 81.11±1.12**

Table 3

Effects of straw returning on dry weight and distribution of leaves, stems, sheaths and panicle at middle and late growth stages of rice"

生育时期
Growth stage		 处理
Treatment		 叶Leaf 茎Stem 鞘Sheath 穗Panicle
干重
Dry weight (×103kg/hm2)		 比例
Ratio (%)		 干重
Dry weight (×103kg/hm2)		 比例
Ratio (%)		 干重
Dry weight (×103kg/hm2)		 比例
Ratio (%)		 干重
Dry weight (×103kg/hm2)		 比例
Ratio (%)
抽穗期
Heading		 CK 2.91±0.18 27.76±0.85 3.14±0.11 29.99±1.55* 2.79±0.24 26.53±1.50 1.65±0.09 15.71±0.80
S 3.09±0.10 28.96±1.08 2.97±0.15 27.78±0.74 2.98±0.22 27.86±1.08 1.65±0.17 15.39±0.89
乳熟期
Milking		 CK 2.23±0.04 15.45±0.91 2.77±0.22 19.16±1.56 2.10±0.16 14.55±1.07 7.37±0.71 50.85±1.94
S 2.59±0.13** 16.90±0.65* 2.72±0.26 17.71±1.48 2.41±0.24 15.73±1.49 7.62±0.64 49.66±3.46
成熟期
Maturity		 CK 1.94±0.08 10.00±0.05 3.46±0.38 17.84±1.82 1.93±0.02 9.93±0.41 12.08±0.66 62.23±1.74*
S 2.23±0.18* 11.19±0.91* 4.05±0.33* 20.28±1.33* 2.15±0.16* 10.78±0.67* 11.53±0.84 57.75±2.70

Table 4

Effects of straw returning on dry matter export and transformation from leaves, stems, and sheaths of rice"

生育时期
Growth stage		 处理
Treatment		 输出量Exportation (t/hm2) 输出率Export rate (%) 转运率Transformation rate (%)
叶Leaf 茎Stem 鞘Sheath 叶Leaf 茎Stem 鞘Sheath 叶Leaf 茎Stem 鞘Sheath
抽穗–乳熟期
Heading-milking		 CK 0.68±0.14 0.37±0.11 0.68±0.08 23.29±3.44* 11.90±3.94 24.43±0.74* 8.48±1.22 4.71±1.71 8.50±0.42
S 0.50±0.03 0.25±0.11 0.57±0.02 16.29±1.39 8.67±4.07 19.14±2.20 6.81±0.81 3.49±1.68 7.68±0.83
乳熟–成熟期
Milking-maturity		 CK 0.29±0.04 -0.69±0.16 0.18±0.14 12.99±1.91 -24.87±3.99 8.15±6.19 3.65±0.71 -8.62±1.48 2.15±1.65
S 0.36±0.05 -1.33±0.07** 0.26±0.08 13.94±2.53 -49.18±2.13** 10.68±2.21 4.88±0.96 -17.96±0.24** 3.49±0.84

Table 5

Effects of straw returning on soil nutrient contents during the main growth stages of rice"

生育时期
Growth stage		 处理
Treatment		 有机碳
Organic carbon (g/kg)		 全氮
Total nitrogen (g/kg)		 全磷
Total phosphorus (g/kg)		 全钾
Total potassium (g/kg)		 C/N
分蘖期Tillering CK 16.30±0.28 1.67±0.12 0.68±0.02 27.72±0.38 9.80±0.49
S 18.85±0.49** 2.00±0.00** 0.75±0.03* 27.93±0.50 9.42±0.25
抽穗期Heading CK 16.71±0.33 1.63±0.06 0.69±0.02 27.17±1.39 10.23±0.30
S 18.36±0.51** 1.90±0.10* 0.74±0.02* 27.47±1.06 9.68±0.46
乳熟期Milking CK 14.38±0.07 1.53±0.06 0.66±0.02 27.49±0.35 9.39±0.34
S 17.96±0.37** 1.87±0.06** 0.73±0.03* 26.88±0.60 9.63±0.47
成熟期Maturity CK 14.55±0.43 1.57±0.06 0.62±0.01 27.75±0.34 9.29±0.08
S 16.20±0.18** 1.84±0.07** 0.68±0.01** 27.12±0.46 8.79±0.24

Fig.1

Effects of straw returning on available nutrient contents in soil during the main growth stages of rice"

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