Crops ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (4): 67-72.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2021.04.010

Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of Straw Returning on Photosynthetic Matter Production Characteristics, Quality of Rice and Soil Nutrients

Wang Guojiao(), Song Peng, Yang Zhenzhong, Zhang Wenzhong()   

  1. Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
  • Received:2020-07-28 Revised:2020-09-30 Online:2021-08-15 Published:2021-08-13
  • Contact: Zhang Wenzhong E-mail:syaurice@syau.edu.cn;zwzhong@126.com

RichHTML

4

PDF (PC)

437

Abstract:

The purpose of this study was to make full use of straw resources and reduce environmental pollution caused by straw burning. A field experiment was conducted using japonica rice Yanfeng 47 with straw returning (S) and no straw returning (CK) treatments. The accumulation, distribution and transportation of dry matter, yield and rice quality, soil total nutrient, and available nutrient content were determined. The results showed that the rice yield of S treatment was lower than that of CK, and the difference was not significant. Compared with CK, S treatment significantly increased the dry matter weight of leaves, stems, and sheaths and the dry matter weight ratio to the total plant at the mature stage, but the dry matter export rate and transformation rate of each part were significantly reduced. S treatment significantly reduced chalky grain rate, chalkiness area, chalkiness degree, and amylose content of rice and improved the taste value of rice. There was no significant difference in brown rice rate, milled rice rate, and head rice rate between CK and S treatment. S treatment significantly increased the contents of organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, and available potassium in the soil during the main growth period of rice and had no significant effects on the total potassium content and C/N of the soil. Compared with CK, S treatment significantly reduced the soil ammonium nitrogen content at the heading stage and the soil ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen content at the milking and maturity stages. These results demonstrated that the promotion of straw returning in Liaoning would not significantly affect rice yield and was beneficial for soil fertility and the improvement of rice quality.

Key words: Straw returning, Rice, Photosynthetic matter production, Rice quality, Soil nutrients

Table 1

Effects of straw returning on grain yield and its components"

处理
Treatment		 穗数
Panicles
(×104/hm2)		 穗粒数
Grains per
panicle		 结实率
Seed-setting
rate (%)		 千粒重
1000-grain
weight (g)		 理论产量
Theoretical yield
(×103kg/hm2)		 实收产量
Actual yield
(×103kg/hm2)
CK 448.15±15.49 112.21±4.98** 93.31±1.33 23.09±1.19 10.83±0.73 10.97±0.21
S 458.33±23.74 96.60±3.80 93.04±0.96 24.39±0.61** 10.05±0.67 10.21±0.16

Table 2

Effects of straw returning on rice quality"

处理
Treatment		 加工品质Milling quality 外观品质Apperance quality 食味及营养品质Taste and nutritional quality
糙米率
Brown rice rate (%)		 精米率
Milled rice rate (%)		 整精米率
Head rice rate (%)		 垩白粒率
Chalky grain rate (%)		 垩白大小
Chalkiness area (%)		 垩白度
Chalkiness degree (%)		 蛋白质含量
Protein
content (%)		 直链淀粉含量
Amylose
content (%)		 食味值
Taste
value
CK 83.86±0.47 71.27±3.51 64.04±4.24 21.36±0.71** 19.72±0.53** 4.22±0.23** 9.22±0.28 17.51±0.54** 78.47±1.42
S 83.92±0.41 73.48±2.26 68.57±3.78 18.02±0.99 16.69±0.95 3.02±0.34 8.99±0.22 16.59±0.48 81.11±1.12**

Table 3

Effects of straw returning on dry weight and distribution of leaves, stems, sheaths and panicle at middle and late growth stages of rice"

生育时期
Growth stage		 处理
Treatment		 叶Leaf 茎Stem 鞘Sheath 穗Panicle
干重
Dry weight (×103kg/hm2)		 比例
Ratio (%)		 干重
Dry weight (×103kg/hm2)		 比例
Ratio (%)		 干重
Dry weight (×103kg/hm2)		 比例
Ratio (%)		 干重
Dry weight (×103kg/hm2)		 比例
Ratio (%)
抽穗期
Heading		 CK 2.91±0.18 27.76±0.85 3.14±0.11 29.99±1.55* 2.79±0.24 26.53±1.50 1.65±0.09 15.71±0.80
S 3.09±0.10 28.96±1.08 2.97±0.15 27.78±0.74 2.98±0.22 27.86±1.08 1.65±0.17 15.39±0.89
乳熟期
Milking		 CK 2.23±0.04 15.45±0.91 2.77±0.22 19.16±1.56 2.10±0.16 14.55±1.07 7.37±0.71 50.85±1.94
S 2.59±0.13** 16.90±0.65* 2.72±0.26 17.71±1.48 2.41±0.24 15.73±1.49 7.62±0.64 49.66±3.46
成熟期
Maturity		 CK 1.94±0.08 10.00±0.05 3.46±0.38 17.84±1.82 1.93±0.02 9.93±0.41 12.08±0.66 62.23±1.74*
S 2.23±0.18* 11.19±0.91* 4.05±0.33* 20.28±1.33* 2.15±0.16* 10.78±0.67* 11.53±0.84 57.75±2.70

Table 4

Effects of straw returning on dry matter export and transformation from leaves, stems, and sheaths of rice"

生育时期
Growth stage		 处理
Treatment		 输出量Exportation (t/hm2) 输出率Export rate (%) 转运率Transformation rate (%)
叶Leaf 茎Stem 鞘Sheath 叶Leaf 茎Stem 鞘Sheath 叶Leaf 茎Stem 鞘Sheath
抽穗–乳熟期
Heading-milking		 CK 0.68±0.14 0.37±0.11 0.68±0.08 23.29±3.44* 11.90±3.94 24.43±0.74* 8.48±1.22 4.71±1.71 8.50±0.42
S 0.50±0.03 0.25±0.11 0.57±0.02 16.29±1.39 8.67±4.07 19.14±2.20 6.81±0.81 3.49±1.68 7.68±0.83
乳熟–成熟期
Milking-maturity		 CK 0.29±0.04 -0.69±0.16 0.18±0.14 12.99±1.91 -24.87±3.99 8.15±6.19 3.65±0.71 -8.62±1.48 2.15±1.65
S 0.36±0.05 -1.33±0.07** 0.26±0.08 13.94±2.53 -49.18±2.13** 10.68±2.21 4.88±0.96 -17.96±0.24** 3.49±0.84

Table 5

Effects of straw returning on soil nutrient contents during the main growth stages of rice"

生育时期
Growth stage		 处理
Treatment		 有机碳
Organic carbon (g/kg)		 全氮
Total nitrogen (g/kg)		 全磷
Total phosphorus (g/kg)		 全钾
Total potassium (g/kg)		 C/N
分蘖期Tillering CK 16.30±0.28 1.67±0.12 0.68±0.02 27.72±0.38 9.80±0.49
S 18.85±0.49** 2.00±0.00** 0.75±0.03* 27.93±0.50 9.42±0.25
抽穗期Heading CK 16.71±0.33 1.63±0.06 0.69±0.02 27.17±1.39 10.23±0.30
S 18.36±0.51** 1.90±0.10* 0.74±0.02* 27.47±1.06 9.68±0.46
乳熟期Milking CK 14.38±0.07 1.53±0.06 0.66±0.02 27.49±0.35 9.39±0.34
S 17.96±0.37** 1.87±0.06** 0.73±0.03* 26.88±0.60 9.63±0.47
成熟期Maturity CK 14.55±0.43 1.57±0.06 0.62±0.01 27.75±0.34 9.29±0.08
S 16.20±0.18** 1.84±0.07** 0.68±0.01** 27.12±0.46 8.79±0.24

Fig.1

Effects of straw returning on available nutrient contents in soil during the main growth stages of rice"

[1] 武际, 郭熙盛, 王允青, 等. 不同水稻栽培模式和秸秆还田方式下的油菜、小麦秸秆腐解特征. 中国农业科学, 2011,44(16):3351-3360.
[2] 宋大利, 侯胜鹏, 王秀斌, 等. 中国秸秆养分资源数量及替代化肥潜力. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2018,24(1):1-21.
[3] 曾研华, 吴建富, 曾勇军, 等. 机收稻草全量还田减施化肥对双季晚稻养分吸收利用及产量的影响. 作物学报, 2018,44(3):454-462.
[4] 柴如山, 安之冬, 马超, 等. 我国主要粮食作物秸秆钾养分资源量及还田替代钾肥潜力. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2020,26(2):201-211.
[5] 廖萍, 刘磊, 何宇轩, 等. 施石灰和秸秆还田对双季稻产量和氮素吸收的互作效应. 作物学报, 2020,46(1):84-92.
[6] 陈红金, 陶云彬, 吴春艳. 长期秸秆粉碎还田对水稻产量和耕地质量的影响. 浙江农业科学, 2019,60(12):2342-2344,2348.
[7] 丁文金, 马友华, 胡宏祥, 等. 秸秆还田与减量施肥对双季稻产量及土壤酶活性的影响. 农业环境与发展, 2013,30(4):72-77.
[8] 张志毅, 范先鹏, 夏贤格, 等. 长三角地区稻麦轮作土壤养分对秸秆还田响应-Meta分析. 土壤通报, 2019,50(2):401-406.
[9] 隋阳辉, 高继平, 刘彩虹, 等. 东北冷凉地区秸秆还田方式对水稻光合、干物质积累及氮素吸收的影响. 作物杂志, 2018(5):137-143.
[10] 崔月峰, 卢铁钢, 孙国才, 等. 秸秆不同还田方式对北方粳稻物质生产和产量的影响. 福建农业学报, 2019,34(6):630-637.
[11] 李杰, 张洪程, 常勇, 等. 不同种植方式水稻高产栽培条件下的光合物质生产特征研究. 作物学报, 2011,37(7):1235-1248.
[12] 苏卫, 冯跃华, 许桂玲, 等. 秸秆还田与施氮量对喀斯特地区杂交籼稻干物质积累和产量的影响. 核农学报, 2019,33(9):1856-1864.
[13] 鲁如坤. 土壤农业化学分析方法. 北京: 中国农业科技出版社, 2000: 146-196.
[14] Ping L, Shan H, Van G, et al. Liming and straw retention interact to increase nitrogen uptake and grain yield in a double rice-cropping system. Field Crops Research, 2018,216:217-224.
[15] 徐国伟, 谈桂露, 王志琴, 等. 秸秆还田与实地氮肥管理对直播水稻产量、品质及氮肥利用的影响. 中国农业科学, 2009,42(8):2736-2746.
[16] 陈梦云, 李晓峰, 程金秋, 等. 秸秆全量还田与氮肥运筹对机插优质食味水稻产量及品质的影响. 作物学报, 2017,43(12):1802-1816.
[17] 钟旭华. 稻米垩白形成与籽粒灌浆动态的关系. 江西农业学报, 1995,7(1):55-60.
[18] 李冠男, 黄立华, 张璐, 等. 施用有机肥和秸秆还田对东北苏打盐碱地水稻营养与食味品质的影响. 作物杂志, 2019(5):82-88.
[19] 霍中洋, 姚义, 张洪程, 等. 播期对直播稻光合物质生产特征的影响. 中国农业科学, 2012,45(13):2592-2606.
[20] 唐海明, 肖小平, 李超, 等. 不同土壤耕作模式对双季稻区水稻植株养分积累与转运的影响. 南京农业大学学报, 2019,42(2):220-228.
[21] 赵全志, 黄丕生, 凌启鸿. 水稻群体光合速率和茎鞘贮藏物质与产量关系的研究. 中国农业科学, 2001,34(3):304-310.
[22] 杨滨娟, 黄国勤, 徐宁, 等. 秸秆还田配施不同比例化肥对晚稻产量及土壤养分的影响. 生态学报, 2014,34(13):3779-3787.
[23] 黄容, 高明, 万毅林, 等. 秸秆还田与化肥减量配施对稻-菜轮作下土壤养分及酶活性的影响. 环境科学, 2016,37(11):4446-4456.
[24] 汪军, 王德建, 张刚, 等. 连续全量秸秆还田与氮肥用量对农田土壤养分的影响. 水土保持学报, 2010,24(5):40-44,62.
[25] 王静静, 张鹏, 毛筱晔, 等. 越冬期还田稻秸腐解规律及其对滨海粘质土地力的影响. 江西农业学报, 2019,31(2):42-45.
[26] 戴志刚, 鲁剑巍, 李小坤, 等. 不同作物还田秸秆的养分释放特征试验. 农业工程学报, 2010,26(6):272-276.
[27] 黄菲, 刘言, 李继福, 等. 水旱轮作条件下还田秸秆腐解和养分释放特征研究. 长江大学学报(自然科学版), 2017,14(18):54-60,5.
[1] Pan Gaofeng, Wang Benfu, Chen Bo, Fang Zhenbing, Zhao Shasha, Tian Yonghong. Effects of Seeding Date on Yield, Growth Period and Utilization of Temperature and Sunshine of Different Types of Japonica Rice in North Central of Hubei Province [J]. Crops, 2021, 37(4): 105-111.
[2] Tong Tianyi, Cai Jianxuan, Zhang Jisheng, Li Lin, Ma Lin, He Roujing, Tang Xiangru. Effects of Fertilizer Types on Yield, Quality and Aroma of Fragrant Rice [J]. Crops, 2021, 37(4): 152-158.
[3] Wu Ke, Xie Huimin, Liu Wenqi, Mo Bingmao, Wei Guoliang, Lu Xian, Li Zhuanglin, Deng Senxia, Wei Shanqing, Liang He, Jiang Ligeng. Effects of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizer on Rice Grain Yield and Yield Components in Double Cropping Rice Area of Southern China [J]. Crops, 2021, 37(4): 178-183.
[4] Ling Chen, Liu Hong, Yang Zhe, Huang Zhanquan, Chen Mengqiang, Rao Dehua, Xu Zhenjiang. Effects of Double-Cropping Rice Cultivation on the Expression of Quantitative Characteristics of Rice DUS Testing Example Varieties [J]. Crops, 2021, 37(4): 18-25.
[5] Zhang Jun, Deng Dasun, Liu Jianjun, Zhou Wenxi, Huang Qianru, Zhang Weijian. Mechanization Cultivation Model of Ratoon Rice with Straw Incorporation in Double Rice Cropping Region in South of Yangtze River Valley [J]. Crops, 2021, 37(4): 212-216.
[6] Zhang Quanfang, Jiang Mingsong, Chen Feng, Zhu Wenyin, Zhou Xuebiao, Yang Lianqun, Xu Jiandi. Analysis of Genetic Diversity of Rice Varieties (Lines) in Shandong Province [J]. Crops, 2021, 37(4): 26-31.
[7] Gao Qing, Zhang Yaling, Zhou Yili, Yu Lianpeng, Nie Qiang, Jin Xuehui. Identification of Major Resistance Genes and Resistance Evaluation to Rice Blast in Japonica Rice Varieties in Heilongjiang Province [J]. Crops, 2021, 37(4): 59-66.
[8] Xue Jingfang, Cai Yongsheng, Chen Shuqiang. Effects of Water-Saving Irrigation Cultivation Model on Rice Quality and Starch RVA Profiles [J]. Crops, 2021, 37(4): 86-92.
[9] Liu Xuetong, Zheng Chunlian, Cao Wei, Dang Hongkai, Cao Caiyun, Li Xiaoshuang, Li Kejiang, Ma Junyong. Effects of Long-Term Located Fertilization on Soil Organic Matter, Nitrogen Forms and Crop Yields [J]. Crops, 2021, 37(4): 130-135.
[10] Yang Lei, Jin Yandi, Liu Houjun. Effects of Iron, Cadmium and Their Interaction on the Primary Reaction of Photosynthesis in Rice [J]. Crops, 2021, 37(4): 144-151.
[11] Wu Zhifeng, Liu Kaili, Le Lihong, Chen Zhongping, Tang Shuangqin, Li Zujun, Han Ruicai, Zeng Yanhua, Zeng Yongjun, Pan Xiaohua, Shi Qinghua, Wu Ziming. Study on Relieving Cold Stress of Direct-Seeded Late Rice at Heading Stage by Chemical Control [J]. Crops, 2021, 37(3): 114-119.
[12] Meng Xiangyu, Ran Cheng, Liu Baolong, Zhao Zhexuan, Bai Jingjing, Geng Yanqiu. Effects of Straw Returning to Field and Nitrogen Application on Soil Nutrients and Rice Yield in Black Soil Areas of Northeast China [J]. Crops, 2021, 37(3): 167-172.
[13] Yi Zhenxie, Wang Yuanyuan, Gu Zihan, Shuai Zeyu, Tu Naimei, Chen Pingping. Study on the Feasibility of Alternative Planting of Rapeseed-Middle Rice to Double Cropping Rice in Cadmium Polluted Rice Area [J]. Crops, 2021, 37(3): 65-69.
[14] Zhou Zhengping, Tian Baogeng, Chen Wanhua, Wang Ziyang, Yuan Wei, Liu Shiping. Effects of Different Tillage Methods and Straw Returning on Soil Nutrients and Wheat Yield and Quality [J]. Crops, 2021, 37(3): 78-83.
[15] Liu Jianzhao, Yuan Jingchao, Liang Yao, He Yu, Zhang Shuimei, Shi Haipeng, Cai Hongguang, Ren Jun. Analysis of Field Verification and Benefit on Full Maize Straw Returning with Deep Plowing Mode [J]. Crops, 2021, 37(2): 135-139.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!