Crops ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (1): 88-95.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2022.01.013

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Analysis on Relative Preferences of Fundamental Traits of Spring Millet Varieties in North China Based on DUS Testing

Ji Junjian(), Huo Ahong, Kou Shujun, Wang Yao, Zuo Zhenxing, Yang Dezhi, Fu Guoqing   

  1. Zhangjiakou Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhangjiakou Sub-Center for New Plant Variety Tests, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhangjiakou 075000, Hebei, China
  • Received:2021-04-01 Revised:2021-12-21 Online:2022-02-15 Published:2022-02-16

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Abstract:

In order to analyze the trait selection trend of spring-sown millet breeding in North China and further promote the development of spring-sown millet breeding in North China, 77 spring-sown millet varieties had applied for variety protection and registration in North China in 2016-2019 were observed combined with visual traits and measuring traits and their correlations. Field planting method and trait data collection were carried out in accordance with the requirements of the Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability-foxtail Millet [Setaria italica (L.) Beauv]. promulgated and implemented by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs. Data statistics showed that the varieties with the green leaf and green leaf sheath at seedling stage accounted for 92.21% and 85.71%, respectively. Plant leaf posture of 71.43% varieties was semi-upward; panicle neck posture of 89.61% varieties was hook shape. The heading stage of 51.95% varieties was late. The the top second leaf lengths of 68.83% varieties were concentrated in medium to long and long; the inverted 2nd leaf width of 79.22% varieties was medium; the stem length and diameter of 70.13% and 89.61% varieties were long and medium. The number of panicles of 87.01% varieties was less to medium; single spike weight of 63.64% varieties was high. The results showed that, the main traits of excellent spring-sown foxtail millet varieties in North China were that seedling leaves were green, caryopsis was medium yellow, the leaf was upward, the panicle neck was moderately curved, the stem length was about 130-170cm and the stem width was 7.0-10.0mm, the top 2nd leaf length was 45-60cm and the width was 2.5-3.5cm, the panicle length was 20-30cm, panicle diameter was 20-30mm, the single panicle weight was 18-25g, and the 1000-grain weight was about 3.0g.

Key words: Spring-sown millet, DUS Testing, Fundamental characters, Breeding, Trait selection trend

Table 1

Mainly observed characters"

目测性状Visual characters 测量性状Measuring characters
V1幼苗：叶片颜色 M1抽穗期
V2幼苗：叶鞘颜色 M2叶片：倒2叶长
V3穗：刚毛长度 M3叶片：倒2叶宽
V4穗：刚毛颜色 M4茎秆：长度
V5植株：叶姿 M5茎秆：粗度
V6颖花：花药颜色 M6植株：成穗茎数
V7穗：护颖颜色 M7穗：长度
V8穗颈：姿态 M8穗：粗度
V9穗：形状 M9穗：单穗重
V10颖果：颜色 M10籽粒：千粒重

Table 2

Frequency distribution of visual trait codes of spring-sown foxtail millet varieties"

性状
Character		 代码
Code		 表型
Phenotype		 频次
Frequency		 占比
Percentage (%)
V1 1 黄绿 6 7.79
2 绿 71 92.21
3 浅紫 0 0
4 深紫 0 0
V2 1 绿 66 85.71
2 浅紫 11 14.29
3 中等紫 0 0
V3 1 极短 1 1.30
2 极短到短 0 0
3 短 18 23.38
4 短到中 13 16.88
5 中 40 51.95
6 中到长 2 2.59
7 长 3 3.90
V4 1 绿 58 75.32
2 黄 0 0
3 紫 19 24.68
V5 1 上冲 0 0
2 半上冲 55 71.43
3 平展 17 22.08
4 下披 5 6.49
V6 1 白 13 16.88
2 黄 27 35.06
3 褐 37 48.05
V7 1 黄绿色 1 1.30
2 绿色 73 94.81
3 红色 2 2.59
4 浅紫色 1 1.30
5 中等紫色 0 0.00
V8 1 直 0 0.00
2 中弯 0 0.00
3 强弯 8 10.39
4 勾型 69 89.61
V9 1 圆锥 49 63.64
2 纺锤 1 1.30
3 圆筒 15 19.48
4 棍棒 12 15.58
5 鸭嘴 0 0.00
6 猫爪 0 0.00
7 佛手 0 0.00
V10 1 白色 1 1.30
2 灰绿色 0 0.00
3 浅黄色 26 33.76
4 中等黄色 50 64.94

Table 3

The data of measured characters of 70 varieties with green leaves"

性状
Character		 最小值
Min.		 最大值
Max.		 平均值
Mean		 标准差
SD		 变异系数
CV (%)		 平均比值
Average R (%)
M1(d) 44.00 79.00 62.92 7.84 12.46 100.16
M2(cm) 32.97 70.82 48.96 6.99 14.27 99.96
M3(cm) 2.59 4.91 3.41 0.34 9.99 100.59
M4(cm) 69.00 192.34 149.20 25.23 16.91 99.61
M5(mm) 5.89 10.54 8.44 1.01 12.00 100.12
M6 1.00 4.40 1.70 0.78 46.11 99.42
M7(cm) 17.28 36.50 25.76 3.98 15.45 99.00
M8(mm) 21.40 40.20 27.39 3.52 12.83 99.64
M9(g) 5.52 44.59 21.82 5.41 24.79 100.65
M10(g) 2.29 3.78 3.07 0.32 10.37 99.68

Table 4

The data of measured characters of 66 varieties with green leaf sheath"

性状
Character		 最小值
Min.		 最大值
Max.		 平均值
Mean		 标准差
SD		 变异系数
CV (%)		 平均比值
Average R (%)
M1(d) 44.00 79.00 62.38 7.53 12.07 99.30
M2(cm) 38.76 68.39 48.52 6.58 13.56 99.06
M3(cm) 3.02 4.20 3.36 0.32 9.65 99.12
M4(cm) 69.00 196.60 149.31 25.52 17.09 99.68
M5(mm) 5.89 10.35 8.32 1.01 12.19 98.70
M6 1.75 4.25 1.65 0.72 43.44 96.49
M7(cm) 18.31 36.50 26.00 4.15 15.95 99.92
M8(mm) 21.40 36.80 27.26 3.16 11.59 99.16
M9(g) 13.84 44.59 21.68 5.89 27.16 100.00
M10(g) 2.79 3.78 3.10 0.30 9.58 100.64

Table 5

The data of measured characters of 40 varieties with medium length bristle"

性状
Character		 最小值
Min.		 最大值
Max.		 平均值
Mean		 标准差
SD		 变异系数
CV (%)		 平均比值
Average R (%)
M1(d) 48.00 73.00 60.65 5.92 9.76 96.55
M2(cm) 34.85 70.82 51.96 6.90 13.27 106.07
M3(cm) 2.59 3.86 3.30 0.29 8.76 97.29
M4(cm) 86.69 196.60 153.86 26.38 17.14 102.72
M5(mm) 6.04 9.88 8.40 0.81 9.64 99.62
M6 1.00 4.25 1.90 0.77 40.75 111.18
M7(cm) 17.28 36.50 27.96 3.55 12.71 107.44
M8(mm) 21.70 36.80 27.88 3.09 11.09 101.40
M9(g) 5.52 36.24 21.79 5.72 26.25 100.53
M10(g) 2.29 3.78 3.18 0.29 9.23 103.25

Table 6

The data of measured characters of 58 varieties with green bristle"

性状
Character		 最小值
Min.		 最大值
Max.		 平均值
Mean		 标准差
SD		 变异系数
CV (%)		 平均比值
Average R (%)
M1(d) 44.00 79.00 63.71 7.65 12.02 101.41
M2(cm) 32.97 70.82 48.89 7.43 15.20 99.82
M3(cm) 2.44 4.91 3.42 0.38 11.01 101.01
M4(cm) 69.00 196.60 150.88 26.05 17.27 100.73
M5(mm) 5.89 10.54 8.53 1.00 11.75 101.23
M6 1.00 4.40 1.75 0.83 47.43 102.14
M7(cm) 17.28 33.63 25.48 3.93 15.43 97.93
M8(mm) 21.40 40.20 27.38 3.42 12.49 99.61
M9(g) 5.52 44.59 21.18 5.76 27.17 97.71
M10(g) 2.50 3.62 3.08 0.26 8.51 99.95

Table 7

The data of measured characters of 55 varieties with semi-upward leaf posture"

性状
Character		 最小值
Min.		 最大值
Max.		 平均值
Mean		 标准差
SD		 变异系数
CV (%)		 平均比值
Average R (%)
M1(d) 45.00 79.00 64.44 7.55 11.72 102.57
M2(cm) 32.97 70.82 49.40 7.63 15.44 100.86
M3(cm) 2.44 4.91 3.42 0.38 11.18 100.91
M4(cm) 110.30 196.60 154.90 22.83 14.74 103.41
M5(mm) 6.25 10.54 8.52 1.01 11.81 101.06
M6 1.00 4.40 1.54 0.71 45.97 90.06
M7(cm) 17.59 36.50 26.04 4.12 15.81 100.07
M8(mm) 21.50 40.20 27.33 3.56 13.02 99.43
M9(g) 10.30 44.59 22.49 5.13 22.80 103.71
M10(g) 2.33 3.78 3.08 0.32 10.35 100.02

Table 8

The data of measured characters of 37 varieties with brown anther"

性状
Character		 最小值
Min.		 最大值
Max.		 平均值
Mean		 标准差
SD		 变异系数
CV (%)		 平均比值
Average R (%)
M1(d) 48.00 79.00 60.70 5.94 9.78 96.63
M2(cm) 33.72 70.82 50.19 6.80 13.55 102.46
M3(cm) 2.44 4.20 3.27 0.33 10.05 96.58
M4(cm) 86.69 196.60 149.38 24.38 16.32 99.72
M5(mm) 6.04 10.14 8.46 0.84 9.99 100.32
M6 1.00 4.25 1.92 0.81 42.02 112.53
M7(cm) 17.28 33.43 27.04 3.51 12.98 103.92
M8(mm) 21.70 40.20 27.93 3.95 14.16 101.60
M9(g) 5.52 44.59 21.98 7.13 32.46 101.38
M10(g) 2.63 3.73 3.16 0.22 7.09 102.69

Table 9

The data of measured characters of 73 varieties with green glume"

性状
Character		 最小值
Min.		 最大值
Max.		 平均值
Mean		 标准差
SD		 变异系数
CV (%)		 平均比值
Average R (%)
M1(d) 44.00 79.00 62.73 7.68 12.24 99.86
M2(cm) 32.97 70.82 49.43 6.83 13.82 100.92
M3(cm) 2.59 4.91 3.39 0.35 10.23 100.00
M4(cm) 69.00 196.60 150.24 25.43 16.93 100.30
M5(mm) 5.89 10.54 8.40 0.98 11.70 99.64
M6 1.00 4.40 1.68 0.77 45.75 98.25
M7(cm) 17.28 36.50 26.14 4.11 15.71 100.46
M8(mm) 21.40 40.20 27.64 3.47 12.56 100.55
M9(g) 5.52 44.59 22.01 5.59 25.38 101.52
M10(g) 2.29 3.78 3.09 0.30 9.79 100.32

Table 10

The data of measured characters of 69 varieties with hooked panicle neck"

性状
Character		 最小值
Min.		 最大值
Max.		 平均值
Mean		 标准差
SD		 变异系数
CV (%)		 平均比值
Average R (%)
M1(d) 44.00 79.00 61.99 7.36 11.87 98.68
M2(cm) 32.97 70.82 48.88 7.34 15.02 99.80
M3(cm) 2.44 4.20 3.35 0.31 9.24 98.82
M4(cm) 69.00 196.60 148.52 24.02 16.17 99.15
M5(mm) 5.89 10.54 8.33 1.01 12.15 98.81
M6 1.00 4.40 1.71 0.79 46.00 100.00
M7(cm) 17.28 36.50 26.23 4.00 15.27 100.81
M8(mm) 21.40 40.20 27.18 3.49 12.84 98.87
M9(g) 5.52 44.59 22.16 5.53 24.97 102.21
M10(g) 2.29 3.78 3.09 0.30 9.79 100.32

Table 11

The data of measured characters of 49 varieties with conical panicle"

性状
Character		 最小值
Min.		 最大值
Max.		 平均值
Mean		 标准差
SD		 变异系数
CV (%)		 平均比值
Average R (%)
M1(d) 44.00 79.00 62.69 7.86 12.53 99.79
M2(cm) 32.97 70.82 49.43 7.41 14.99 100.92
M3(cm) 2.44 4.20 3.37 0.34 10.00 99.41
M4(cm) 69.00 196.60 147.66 25.87 17.52 98.58
M5(mm) 5.89 10.54 8.37 1.04 12.36 99.29
M6 1.00 4.40 1.68 0.76 45.43 98.25
M7(cm) 17.59 33.63 26.38 3.68 13.93 101.38
M8(mm) 21.40 33.00 27.37 3.06 11.16 99.56
M9(g) 9.85 44.59 22.13 5.73 25.90 102.08
M10(g) 2.29 3.73 3.09 0.32 10.23 100.33

Table 12

The data of measured characters of 50 varieties with medium yellow caryopsis"

性状
Character		 最小值
Min.		 最大值
Max.		 平均值
Mean		 标准差
SD		 变异系数
CV (%)		 平均比值
Average R (%)
M1(d) 48.00 79.00 63.36 6.97 11.00 100.86
M2(cm) 33.72 68.39 47.90 5.61 11.71 97.80
M3(cm) 2.44 4.91 3.43 0.39 11.35 101.18
M4(cm) 100.35 196.60 149.83 22.00 14.68 100.03
M5(mm) 6.97 10.35 8.55 0.89 10.36 101.42
M6 1.00 3.20 1.65 0.65 39.22 96.49
M7(cm) 18.08 33.63 25.84 3.71 14.36 99.31
M8(mm) 21.70 36.80 27.54 3.20 11.62 100.18
M9(g) 9.85 44.59 22.10 5.54 25.08 101.94
M10(g) 2.29 3.73 3.07 0.31 10.24 99.68

Table 13

Analysis on the variation of measured characters of 77 spring-sown foxtail millet varieties"

性状
Character		 最小值
Min.		 最大值
Max.		 平均值
Mean		 标准差
SD		 变异系数
CV (%)		 分布区间
Distribution interval		 代码区间
Code interval		 比率
Ratio (%)
M1(d) 44.00 79.00 62.82 7.62 12.12 53.0~62.0 7~8 51.95
M2(cm) 32.97 70.82 48.98 7.01 14.32 45.1~61.0 4~5 68.83
M3(cm) 2.44 4.91 3.39 0.36 10.60 2.7~3.6 3~4 79.22
M4(cm) 69.00 196.60 149.79 25.17 16.81 120.0~179.0 5~8 70.13
M5(mm) 5.89 10.54 8.43 1.02 12.07 6.5~9.9 6~7 89.61
M6 1.00 4.40 1.71 0.78 45.82 1.1~3.4 2~3 87.01
M7(cm) 17.28 36.50 26.02 4.05 15.56 19.0~31.0 4~6 81.82
M8(mm) 21.40 40.20 27.49 3.48 12.66 21.0~30.0 5~7 84.42
M9(g) 5.52 44.59 21.68 5.70 26.31 17.5~25.0 6~8 63.64
M10(g) 2.29 3.78 3.08 0.31 10.04 2.7~3.4 2~3 74.03

Table 14

The correlation coefficients of 10 measured characters"

性状Character M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9
M2 0.334** 1
M3 0.435** 0.213 1
M4 0.493** 0.562** 0.226* 1
M5 0.596** 0.418** 0.381** 0.432** 1
M6 -0.068 -0.051 -0.245* -0.204 0.104 1
M7 -0.102 0.616** -0.010 0.329** 0.182 0.003 1
M8 0.100 0.321** 0.104 0.103 0.298** 0.085 0.368** 1
M9 0.033 0.397** 0.298** 0.295** 0.249* -0.366** 0.556** 0.455** 1
M10 -0.271* 0.298** -0.192 0.195 -0.103 -0.103 0.492** 0.070 0.229*
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