Crops ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (2): 178-185.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2023.02.026

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Effects of PAM Application Depth on the Growth and Physiological Indexes of Quinoa under Saline Alkali Stress

Liang Ping1(), Zhang Yongqing1,2(), Zhang Meng1, Xue Xiaojiao1, Li Pingping1, Zhang Wenyan1, Wang Dan1, Zhao Gang2   

  1. 1College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030000, Shanxi, China
    2College of Geography, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030000, Shanxi, China
  • Received:2022-04-15 Revised:2022-12-15 Online:2023-04-15 Published:2023-04-11

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Abstract:

Using Longli No.4 as material, the root canal soil column cultivation experiment was carried out, three kinds of salt-alkali conditions were set included mild salt-alkali stress (S1, 3g/kg), moderate salt-alkali stress (S2, 5g/kg), and severe salt-alkali stress (S3, 7g/kg), the four kinds of soil conditioner polyacrylamide (PAM) application depth [0-10 (PAM0), 10-20 (PAM10), 20-30 (PAM20) and 0-30cm (PAM30)] were set. They were totally randomized trial combinations, as well as control group (S0) without saline and PAM, a total of 13 treatments were performed. The effects of PAM application depth on growth and physiological indexes of quinoa under different salt-alkali stress conditions were studied. The results showed that, salt-alkali stress and PAM application significantly affected the morphological and physiological indexes of quinoa. Under the premise of reasonable application of PAM, compared with the control, the lower degree of salt stress was more beneficial to the growth of quinoa, and even the growth of quinoa was not significantly affected under moderate salt stress, indicating that quinoa had a strong salt tolerance. When salt-alkali stress reached severe stress (S3), the growth of quinoa was significantly inhibited by PAM compared with the control, although different PAM concentrations had a certain effects on the growth of the upper part of quinoa. Under different salt-alkali stress conditions, the effects of PAM0 on the growth and physiological indexes of quinoa were best. The results of subordination function showed that the growth and salt-resistance of quinoa under different treatment conditions were S1>S2>S3, PAM0> PAM30> PAM10> PAM20, indicating the concentrated application of PAM on soil surface was the best way to alleviate the adverse effects of salt stress on quinoa.

Key words: Quinoa, Saline alkali stress, PAM, Application depth, Physiological index, Root distribution

Table 1

Growth of aboveground parts of quinoa at obvious sequence stage under different salt alkali stress and PAM treatments"

盐碱处理Saline-alkali treatment PAM处理PAM treatment 株高Plant height (cm) 茎粗Stem diameter (mm) 叶面积Leaf area (mm2)
S0 － 89.33±9.02c 7.68±0.62b 2265.87±139.84c
S1 PAM0 111.00±1.73a 11.10±0.77a 2633.50±10.45a
PAM10 89.33±9.02c 8.14±0.81b 2439.13±30.56abc
PAM20 86.67±5.77c 8.10±1.78b 2367.17±150.20bc
PAM30 101.33±1.53b 8.15±0.37b 2558.63±224.13ab
S2 PAM0 99.00±1.73b 7.76±1.25b 2406.57±109.27abc
PAM10 47.67±3.21d 5.22±0.47c 1139.27±117.71d
PAM20 34.67±5.13e 3.81±0.49cd 1128.07±59.15d
PAM30 90.00±5.00c 7.56±0.42b 2376.83±25.03bc
S3 PAM0 41.00±2.64de 5.00±0.96c 1300.37±231.94d
PAM10 22.33±3.05f 3.05±0.49de 721.77±167.96e
PAM20 19.00±5.29f 2.03±0.08e 585.52±33.38e
PAM30 33.33±2.89e 3.99±0.69cd 1299.27±135.81d
方差分析ANOVA
盐碱处理Saline-alkali treatment (S) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
PAM处理PAM treatment (PAM) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
S×PAM 0.001 0.025 0.010

Fig.1

Root length of quinoa in different soil layers at the obvious sequence stage under different saline alkali stress and PAM treatments"

Fig.2

Root surface areas of different soil layers at the obvious sequence stage of quinoa under different saline alkali stress and PAM treatments"

Fig.3

Effects of different saline alkali stress and PAM treatments on the antioxidant enzyme activities of quinoa Different lowercase letters indicated the differences between different saline alkali conditions and different PAM application depths (P < 0.05). The same below"

Fig.4

Effects of different saline alkali stress and PAM treatments on root activities of quinoa"

Table 2

Membership function values of test measurement indexes"

盐碱处理
Saline alkali treatment		 PAM处理
PAM treatment		 隶属函数值Membership function value 平均值
Average		 排序
Ranking
X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 X7 X8 X9
S0 － 0.52 0.50 0.66 0.54 0.52 0.35 0.41 0.49 0.56 0.5056 6
S1 PAM0 0.50 0.58 0.58 0.50 0.59 0.47 0.50 0.57 0.59 0.5422 1
PAM10 0.52 0.54 0.45 0.58 0.54 0.41 0.55 0.64 0.50 0.5256 3
PAM20 0.52 0.37 0.57 0.65 0.37 0.56 0.65 0.40 0.51 0.5111 5
PAM30 0.44 0.42 0.60 0.65 0.66 0.54 0.53 0.46 0.47 0.5300 2
S2 PAM0 0.44 0.57 0.48 0.35 0.40 0.64 0.62 0.64 0.50 0.5156 4
PAM10 0.61 0.44 0.43 0.36 0.59 0.48 0.43 0.58 0.52 0.4933 8
PAM20 0.33 0.51 0.54 0.46 0.56 0.44 0.56 0.46 0.53 0.4878 9
PAM30 0.50 0.54 0.49 0.39 0.37 0.47 0.58 0.62 0.57 0.5033 7
S3 PAM0 0.50 0.47 0.58 0.58 0.58 0.42 0.57. 0.56 0.59 0.4756 10
PAM10 0.56 0.39 0.53 0.46 0.35 0.47 0.40 0.57 0.38 0.4567 12
PAM20 0.40 0.36 0.35 0.40 0.44 0.48 0.47 0.39 0.57 0.4289 13
PAM30 0.58 0.12 0.61 0.49 0.52 0.35 0.44 0.60 0.45 0.4622 11
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