Crops ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (5): 49-58.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2023.05.008

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Comparative Analysis of Agronomic Traits, Quality and Disease Evolution of Approved Wheat Varieties in Southern Henan and Southern Huai River in Jiangsu from 2001 to 2021

Ge Changbin1,2(), Qin Suyan1,2(), Qiao Jiliang1,2, Wang Jun1,2, Qi Shuangli1,2, Lu Wenying1,2, Zhang Zhenyong1,2   

  1. 1Luohe Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Luohe 462300, Henan, China
    2Henan Research Center of Scab Resistant and High Quality Wheat Germplasm Creation and New Variety Cultivation Engineering Technology, Luohe 462300, Henan, China
  • Received:2022-03-22 Revised:2022-07-04 Online:2023-10-15 Published:2023-10-16

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Abstract:

In order to understand the evolution of agronomic, quality and disease characteristic of wheat varieties approved in southern Henan (YN) and southern Huaihe of Jiangsu province (HN) in recent years, this paper analyzed the evolution of agronomy, yield, quality and disease of 64 wheat varieties approved in YN and 90 wheat varieties approved in HN from 2001 to 2021, counted 13 agronomic, quality and two disease resistance characteristics. The results showed that the rate of approved wheat varieties in YN and HN increased steadily to explosive growth from 2001 to 2021. The types of approved varieties were mainly medium gluten, and wheat breeding in YN developed to weak gluten type, but the progress was slow. The varieties with medium and strong gluten and above developed from HN, with rapid transformation and development. The annual yield decreased by 24.75kg/ha in YN and increased by 74.78kg/ha in HN. The growth period of wheat in YN and HN at the rate of 0.15 and 0.36 d/year, respectively. The plant height of wheat decreased at the rate of 0.16 and 0.30cm/year in YN and HN, respectively. The number of effective panicles decreased by 15 000/ha in YN, and increased by 20 300/ha in HN. The 1000-grain weight increased by 0.12 and 0.21g/year in YN and HN, respectively. The protein content decreased slightly in YN, and increased by 0.08% per year in HN. The grain bulk density increased by 0.07 and 1.01g/year in YN and HN, respectively. The dough stability time decreased by 0.14min/year in YN and increased by 0.18min/year in HN. YN and HN had absolute advantages in disease resistance breeding. Although the breeding of stripe rust resistance in HN started late, it had made rapid progress. Scab resistance breeding in YN started in 2012, but the progress was slow. The utilization of direct parents in YN and HN was biased towards local germplasm resources, the utilization rate of remote germplasm resources was low, and the approved varieties had a trend of homogenization. The breeding of high-quality and strong gluten wheat was related to the ecological area, but more importantly, local domestication selection and excellent germplasm application. The correlation analysis showed that the correlation coefficients between the three factors of yield and yield in YN and HN were 1000-grain weight > effective spike number > grains per spike. It was inferred that the main direction of wheat breeding in the two regions was to increase 1000-grain weight and panicles number per unit area.

Key words: Southern Henan, South of Huai River in Jiangsu, Wheat varieties, Agronomic traits, Quality traits, Diseases, Evolution

Table 1

Wheat varieties approved at the provincial level in YN and HN from 2001 to 2021"

编号
Number		 审定名称
Approved name		 审定编号
Approved number		 年份
Year
1 郑麦9023 豫审麦2001003 2001
2 郑麦8998 豫审麦2001008 2001
3 宛麦369 豫审麦2001009 2001
4 太空5号 豫审麦2002005 2002
5 偃展4110 豫审麦2003001 2003
6 信阳234 豫审麦2003004 2003
7 豫麦18-99系 豫审麦2003009 2003
8 焦麦2号 豫审麦2004016 2004
9 丰抗38 豫审麦2006022 2006
10 源育2号 豫审麦2006023 2006
11 偃育898 豫审麦2007007 2007
12 邓麦996 豫审麦2007008 2007
13 内农科201 豫审麦2007009 2007
14 河科大9612 豫审麦2008015 2008
15 宛麦16 豫审麦2008016 2008
16 宛麦18 豫审麦2008017 2008
17 中焦2号 豫审麦2009006 2009
18 内麦988 豫审麦2009007 2009
19 宛麦19 豫审麦2011007 2011
20 先麦19 豫审麦2011007 2011
21 中洛08-2 豫审麦2011025 2011
22 偃高006 豫审麦2011026 2011
23 先麦8号 豫审麦2011027 2011
24 太学6号 豫审麦2011028 2011
25 中焦3号 豫审麦2012016 2012
26 信麦9号 豫审麦2014012 2014
27 郑麦314 豫审麦2014013 2014
28 先麦12号 豫审麦2014029 2014
29 郑麦119 豫审麦2014030 2014
30 偃亳197 豫审麦2014031 2014
31 信麦69 豫审麦2015022 2015
32 宛麦969 豫审麦2015023 2015
33 豫农98 豫审麦2015024 2015
34 宛麦98 豫审麦2015024 2015
35 宛1643 豫审麦2015025 2015
36 春丰0017 豫审麦2016001 2016
37 许麦2号 豫审麦2017020 2017
38 济研麦7号 豫审麦2017021 2017
39 豫信11 豫审麦2017022 2017
40 宛麦21 豫审麦2017023 2017
41 华麦998 豫审麦20180042 2018
42 天宁38号 豫审麦20180043 2018
43 泛麦536 豫审麦20190050 2019
44 农麦18 豫审麦20190051 2019
45 鹤麦1310 豫审麦20190052 2019
46 绵麦51 豫审麦20190053 2019
47 宛麦66 豫审麦20190054 2019
48 苑丰307 豫审麦20190055 2019
49 先麦18 豫审麦20200025 2020
50 方裕麦66 豫审麦20200026 2020
51 信麦1168 豫审麦20200027 2020
52 森科093 豫审麦20200028 2020
53 硕麦988 豫审麦20200029 2020
54 丰皇619 豫审麦20210026 2021
55 福满多1号 豫审麦20210027 2021
56 泛麦37 豫审麦20210028 2021
57 天民118 豫审麦20210029 2021
58 郑农4108 豫审麦20210030 2021
59 郑麦103 豫审麦20210031 2021
60 宛麦788 豫审麦20210032 2021
61 绿源麦8号 豫审麦20210033 2021
62 豫农901 豫审麦20210059 2021
63 郑麦817 豫审麦20210060 2021
64 郑麦819 豫审麦20210061 2021
65 南农9918 苏审麦200204 2002
66 宁盐1号 苏审麦200205 2002
67 生选3号 苏审麦200206 2002
68 扬辐麦2号 苏审麦200209 2002
69 镇麦4号 苏审麦200305 2003
70 扬麦14 苏审麦200404 2004
71 宁麦12 苏审麦200405 2004
72 镇麦5号 苏审麦200406 2004
73 扬麦16号 苏审麦200407 2004
74 宁麦11号 苏审麦200408 2004
75 镇99018 苏审麦200501 2005
76 扬麦15 苏审麦200502 2005
77 宁麦13 苏审麦200503 2005
78 宁麦14 苏审麦200601 2006
79 扬辐麦3号 苏审麦200602 2006
80 镇麦168 苏审麦200701 2007
81 华麦2号 苏审麦200702 2007
82 扬辐麦4号 苏审麦200801 2008
83 宁麦16 苏审麦200802 2008
84 宁糯麦1号 苏审麦200803 2008
85 扬麦18 苏审麦200901 2009
86 宁麦17 苏审麦200902 2009
87 镇麦9号 苏审麦201001 2010
88 华麦5号 苏审麦201002 2010
89 扬糯麦1号 苏审麦201003 2010
90 宁麦18 苏审麦201101 2011
91 扬麦21 苏审麦201102 2011
92 宁麦19 苏审麦201201 2012
93 宁麦20 苏审麦201202 2012
94 扬麦20 苏审麦201203 2012
95 苏科麦1号 苏审麦201204 2012
96 镇麦10号 苏审麦201301 2013
97 苏麦8号 苏审麦201302 2013
98 宁麦21 苏审麦201303 2013
99 华麦6号 苏审麦201304 2013
100 扬富麦101 苏审麦201401 2014
101 华麦7号 苏审麦201402 2014
102 镇麦12号 苏审麦201501 2015
103 农麦88 苏审麦20160001 2016
104 隆麦28 苏审麦20160002 2016
105 华麦8号 苏审麦20160003 2016
106 宁麦26 苏审麦20160004 2016
107 明麦133 苏审麦20170001 2017
108 宁麦资126 苏审麦20170002 2017
109 扬麦27 苏审麦20170003 2017
110 扬辐麦10号 苏审麦20180001 2018
111 宁麦资119 苏审麦20180002 2018
112 镇麦13 苏审麦20180003 2018
113 扬麦29 苏审麦20180004 2018
114 宁麦28 苏审麦20180005 2018
115 镇麦15 苏审麦20180006 2018
116 扬麦30 苏审麦20190001 2019
117 金丰麦1号 苏审麦20190002 2019
118 江丰麦1号 苏审麦20190003 2019
119 农麦156 苏审麦20190004 2019
120 瑞华麦596 苏审麦20190005 2019
121 扬江麦586 苏审麦20190006 2019
122 隆麦39 苏审麦20190007 2019
123 宁麦资518 苏审麦20200001 2020
124 泰麦901 苏审麦20200002 2020
125 宁麦33 苏审麦20200003 2020
126 扬麦37 苏审麦20200004 2020
127 盐麦1号 苏审麦20200005 2020
128 镇麦18 苏审麦20200006 2020
129 宁麦资166 苏审麦20200007 2020
130 宁紫麦1号 苏审麦20200008 2020
131 宁麦186 苏审麦20200022 2020
132 明麦13 苏审麦20200023 2020
133 扬辐麦15 苏审麦20200024 2020
134 镇麦19 苏审麦20200025 2020
135 瑞华麦566 苏审麦20200026 2020
136 扬麦34 苏审麦20200027 2020
137 扬麦35 苏审麦2021001 2021
138 宁红麦1119 苏审麦2021002 2021
139 宁丰麦1号 苏审麦2021003 2021
140 泰麦6号 苏审麦2021004 2021
141 扬辐麦13 苏审麦2021005 2021
142 华麦11 苏审麦2021006 2021
143 宁麦34 苏审麦2021007 2021
144 瑞华麦598 苏审麦2021008 2021
145 宁麦资958 苏审麦2021009 2021
146 华麦13 苏审麦2021010 2021
147 华麦14 苏审麦2021015 2021
148 华麦15 苏审麦2021016 2021
149 苏麦198 苏审麦2021017 2021
150 润扬麦1号 苏审麦2021018 2021
151 盐麦2号 苏审麦2021019 2021
152 扬糯麦2号 苏审麦2021020 2021
153 隆麦30 苏审麦2021021 2021
154 农麦180 苏审麦2021022 2021

Table 2

Approved wheat varieties in YN and HN from 2001 to 2021"

年份
Year		 中筋品种
Medium gluten
variety		 强筋品种
Strong gluten
variety		 中强筋品种
Med-strong
gluten variety		 弱筋品种
Weak-gluten
variety		 特殊用途品种
Special use
variety		 合计
Total		 年均审定
The annual average
of approved varieties
2001-2005 6/10 1/－ －/－ 1/3 －/－ 8/13 1.6/2.6
2006-2010 11/10 －/－ －/－ －/－ －/2 11/12 2.2/2.4
2011-2015 13/13 1/－ 1/－ －/－ －/－ 15/13 3.0/2.6
2016-2021 26/35 －/7 －/9 1/－ 3/1 30/52 5.0/8.7
合计Total 56/68 2/7 1/9 2/3 3/3 64/90 3.0/4.3

Table 3

Utilization of direct parents of approved wheat varieties in YN and HN from 2001 to 2021"

品种区域Region of variety 直接亲本（利用次数）Direct parents (utilization times)
YN
 豫麦18（11）、郑麦9023（6）、偃展4110（5）、偃展1号（4）、百农AK58（4）、西农979（3）、周麦16（3）、周麦18（2）、Tai（2）、偃科956（2）、Taiwk43（2）
HN


 扬麦158（21）、镇麦168（9）、镇麦9号（9）、宁麦9号（9）、宁麦8号（6）、苏麦6号（5）、97G59（4）、扬麦15（4）、扬麦20（4）、扬麦18（3）、扬辐麦4号（3）、小偃8788（3）、华麦5号（3）、镇麦1号（2）、宁麦13（2）、宁麦14（2）、扬麦10号（2）、镇麦6号（2）、扬麦19（2）、宁04216（2）、扬麦13（2）
两地交互利用品种
Interactive varieties of two areas		 生选6号（1）、扬麦158（1）、扬麦11（1）、扬麦13（1）/郑麦9023（2）、豫麦29I系（1）

Fig.1

Percentage of resistance types of stripe rust and scab of approved wheat varieties in YN and HN from 2001 to 2021"

Table 4

Statistics of yield and agronomic characteristics of approved wheat varieties in YN and HN from 2001 to 2021"

区域
Region		 项目
Item		 Y
(kg/hm2)		 GP
(d)		 PH
(cm)		 EPN
(×104/hm2)		 KPS GW
(g)
YN 平均值 6054.0** 208.9 77.2** 541.5** 33.8** 40.9**
最大值 7618.5 220.0 87.0 631.5 55.2 51.5
最小值 4992.0 195.0 69.4 435.0 27.0 34.1
变异系数 (%) 8.99 2.70 5.21 7.53 10.58 9.47
HN 平均值 7038.0 208.2 85.1 466.5 38.6 42.6
最大值 7777.5 216.5 100.0 525.0 44.4 48.7
最小值 5506.5 199.9 75.4 375.0 30.0 36.0
变异系数 (%) 7.83 2.02 5.42 5.63 5.73 7.06

Fig.2

Evolution of yield and agronomic traits of approved wheat varieties in YN and HN from 2001 to 2021"

Table 5

Comparison of the evolution of agronomic and yield traits of the approved wheat varieties in YN and HN from 2001 to 2021"

年份Year Y (kg/hm2) GP (d) PH (cm) EPN (×104/hm2) KPS GW (g)
2001 6804.0/－ 205.3/－ 79.2/－ 535.5/－ 30.7/－ 42.3/－
2002 5284.5/6033.0 220.0/213.9 85.0/94.3 525.0/420.0 37.5/37.5 42.5/42.6
2003 6468.0/6078.0 215.3/215.0 78.0/90.0 577.5/420.0 30.3/40.0 41.8/40.0
2004 6103.5/5863.5 209.0/212.7 73.0/90.0 631.5/435.0 36.1/34.8 38.0/39.4
2005 .－/5938.5 .－/210.3 .－/83.3 .－/469.5 .－/37.7 .－/37.3
2006 5590.5/6756.0 197.5/212.0 76.5/86.5 570.0/487.5 32.0/38.0 39.5/39.5
2007 5983.5/6787.5 204.0/210.0 82.7/83.5 550.5/487.5 43.2/36.5 40.1/41.0
2008 6631.5/6786.0 206.0/207.2 81.7/88.3 492.0/450.0 34.0/40.8 49.3/39.4
2009 6745.5/7143.0 211.0/206.4 81.0/89.7 567.0/433.5 34.9/42.1 42.6/42.4
2010 .－/6976.5 .－/208.3 .－/85.0 .－/459.0 .－/39.0 .－/43.4
2011 5877.0/7150.5 211.3/212.2 77.1/90.9 561.0/468.0 31.6/42.8 42.0/39.7
2012 5830.5/6568.5 209.5/215.1 83.5/84.9 561.0/454.5 35.0/39.2 36.2/42.0
2013 .－/6640.5 .－/210.8 .－/82.2 .－/465.0 .－/38.7 .－/42.3
2014 6057.0/7024.5 211.7/209.6 76.6/82.1 537.0/475.5 33.6/39.4 36.2/40.3
2015 6213.0/6985.5 210.8/211.2 77.4/81.8 567.0/451.5 32.0/36.2 41.0/45.8
2016 5800.5/7051.5 216.9/209.2 75.0/79.9 609.0/489.0 31.7/38.3 39.1/41.0
2017 6420.0/7306.5 212.2/206.6 75.4/85.1 553.5/468.0 32.1/37.9 44.6/43.0
2018 5907.0/7168.5 203.8/202.0 77.2/81.8 520.5/478.5 33.9/38.4 41.7/42.2
2019 5256.0/7462.5 202.4/203.5 73.7/81.2 507.0/475.5 33.2/39.1 37.6/42.3
2020 5701.5/7485.0 205.4/206.6 75.6/83.3 519.0/472.5 34.7/38.4 35.9/44.7
2021 6174.0/7369.5 211.7/206.6 76.3/86.4 532.5/475.5 35.0/39.0 42.7/44.9

Table 6

Comparison of the stage evolution of agronomic and yield traits of the reviewed wheat varieties in YN and HN from 2001 to 2021"

年份Year Y (kg/hm2) GP (d) PH (cm) EPN (×104/hm2) KPS GW (g)
2001-2005 6400.5/5862.0 211.4/213.3 78.6/89.7 559.5/435.0 32.3/37.0 42.6/39.7
2006-2010 6252.0/6897.0 204.7/208.5 80.8/86.4 540.0/462.0 36.5/39.3 43.2/41.0
2011-2015 6025.5/7080.0 211.2/212.1 77.4/84.0 556.5/462.0 32.5/39.3 44.2/41.9
2016-2021 5905.5/7357.5 208.4/206.2 75.5/83.7 529.5/475.5 34.1/38.7 44.9/43.8

Table 7

Statistics of quality characteristics of approved wheat varieties inYN and HN from 2001 to 2021"

区域
Region		 项目
Item		 PC
(%)		 TW
(g/L)		 WGC
(%)		 ST
(min)		 WA
(mL/100g)		 TA
(cm2)		 MTR
(E·U)
YN 平均值 14.2 790.5** 29.2* 4.4** 58.3** 41.6** 207.0**
最大值 17.5 842.0 37.8 22.5 67.3 90.0 435.0
最小值 11.8 751.0 19.1 1.0 38.6 14.0 65.0
变异系数 (%) 7.75 2.38 13.45 89.89 8.77 53.91 55.94
HN 平均值 14.2 801.7 30.3 6.6 62.1 85.0 374.0
最大值 17.4 841.0 38.9 21.8 70.1 166.0 798.0
最小值 9.4 760.0 17.2 1.9 53.4 28.0 108.0
变异系数 (%) 9.54 1.90 11.32 71.11 6.73 41.76 48.62

Table 8

Comparison of evolution of quality characters of approved wheat varieties in YN and HN from 2001 to 2021"

年份
Year		 PC
(%)		 TW
(g/L)		 WGC
(%)		 ST
(min)		 WA
(mL/100g)
2001 13.3/－ 793.0/－ 27.5/－ 10.3/－ 59.3/－
2002 11.8/11.9 775.0/770.0 20.6/29.6 2.0/4.8 51.6/－
2003 13.8/12.9 803.3/795.0 28.6/33.8 6.5/3.8 53.2/－
2004 13.1/15.2 813.0/－ 27.6/31.2 1.1/6.5 －/－
2005 .－/12.2 .－/－ .－/23.2 .－/3.1 －/－
2006 14.9/14.6 775.5/－ 33.9/28.9 3.7/4.7 63.0/－
2007 14.3/13.4 791.7/－ 31.0/30.3 3.9/5.3 56.4/－
2008 15.1/13.1 782.0/801.0 33.1/25.9 3.0/4.5 61.4/－
2009 14.2/13.2 790.0/816.0 30.6/26.4 3.4/3.6 58.1/－
2010 .－/12.9 .－/788.7 .－/24.8 .－/7.5 －/－
2011 14.3/12.1 800.0/803.0 28.7/25.4 4.6/3.4 58.4/－
2012 12.6/13.5 802.0/808.3 26.6/28.9 5.1/4.6 53.4/－
2013 .－/13.9 .－/816.5 .－/30.1 .－/6.3 －/－
2014 15.3/13.8 776.8/805.0 30.4/29.9 7.3/5.6 58.5/－
2015 15.9/15.2 787.8/784.0 33.4/32.9 5.1/14.1 64.2/－
2016 14.3/15.1 842.0/804.3 32.4/32.3 2.1/10.8 58.4/－
2017 14.7/16.5 800.8/－ 28.7/33.7 2.1/8.3 63.4/59.8
2018 14.7/14.8 789.0/－ 31.7/30.8 8.1/11.9 61.3/62.0
2019 13.5/14.7 785.0/799.9 27.0/31.2 2.9/6.5 56.3/60.8
2020 13.3/14.5 778.4/798.3 22.3/31.1 2.4/6.1 54.5/62.2
2021 13.8/14.6 792.6/806.6 29.8/32.0 3.4/6.6 56.5/62.8

Table 9

Comparison of the stage evolution of quality traits of the approved wheat varieties in YN and HN from 2001 to 2021"

年份Year PC (%) TW (g/L) WGC (%) ST (min) WA (mL/100g) TA (cm2) MTR (E·U)
2001-2005 13.3/13.3 789.2/783.0 27.1/29.1 6.7/4.0 －/－ －/－ －/－
2006-2010 14.6/13.4 786.5/800.1 32.3/26.9 3.3/4.2 －/－ －/－ －/－
2011-2015 15.0/13.6 790.5/801.1 31.0/29.2 5.6/5.8 －/－ －/－ －/－
2016-2021 13.8/14.8 790.6/803.2 28.8/31.6 3.9/7.5 58.7/62.1 41.3/85.0 204.5/374.0

Fig.3

Evolution of quality characters of approved wheat varieties in YN and HN from 2001 to 2021"

Table 10

Correlation analysis of agronomic and quality characters of approved wheat varieties in YN and HN from 2001 to 2021"

性状Trait Y GP PH EPN KPS GW PC TW WGC ST WA TA MTR
Y 1.000 -0.578** -0.339** 0.511** 0.289** 0.556** 0.293** 0.174 0.269* 0.095 -0.031 -0.194 -0.155
GP 0.460** 1.000 0.404** -0.388** -0.090 -0.299** -0.321** 0.076 -0.220* -0.227* -0.098 -0.282 -0.284
PH 0.253* 0.061 1.000 -0.526** -0.054 0.038 -0.195 -0.263* -0.145 -0.152 0.143 0.084 0.077
EPN 0.237 0.420** -0.119 1.000 -0.138 -0.005 0.098 0.329** 0.076 0.037 0.016 0.027 0.015
KPS 0.020 -0.174 0.176 -0.390** 1.000 -0.205 -0.225* 0.171 -0.198 -0.238* -0.415** -0.233 -0.218
GW 0.539** 0.231 0.353** -0.051 -0.066 1.000 0.288** -0.147 0.346** 0.258* 0.393** 0.185 0.224
PC 0.277* 0.197 0.218 0.309* -0.224 0.196 1.000 0.177 0.739** 0.386** 0.375** 0.398** 0.304*
TW 0.303* 0.406** -0.026 0.344** -0.119 0.204 -0.093 1.000 0.161 -0.071 0.040 -0.049 -0.076
WGC 0.362** 0.140 0.234 0.299* -0.091 0.377** 0.723** 0.078 1.000 0.214* 0.305* 0.013 -0.076
ST 0.332** 0.280* 0.019 0.219 -0.299* 0.074 0.174 0.179 0.131 1.000 0.254 0.791** 0.797**
WA 0.220 0.051 0.163 0.136 -0.162 0.259* 0.631** 0.087 0.587** -0.061 1.000 0.121 0.092
TA 0.076 -0.055 0.293 0.077 0.060 0.143 0.050 0.375 0.412 0.701** 0.208 1.000 0.962**
MTR 0.043 -0.004 0.240 0.061 0.060 0.118 0.017 0.439* 0.362 0.664** 0.203 0.947** 1.000
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