种植密度和氮肥用量对百色烟区烤烟叶片发育及烟叶产量的影响

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2024.02.023

Abstract

Abstract:

To clarify the dry matter accumulation, distribution, and the development characteristics of the middle and upper leaves of flue-cured tobacco with different planting densities and N fertilizer application rates, K326 was used as the test material and two-factor randomized group trials were set up with planting densities and N fertilizer application rates. The leaf developmental characteristics affecting dry matter accumulation in flue-cured tobacco populations and individuals was analyzed. The results showed that planting density and N fertilizer application rate had an extremely significant influence on dry matter accumulation of leaves at maturity stage. There were significant interaction effects between planting density and N fertilizer application rate on dry matter accumulation of leaves and whole plant, as well as shoot-root ratio. At budding stage, applying nitrogen increased the leaf mass per area and leaf density of the middle and upper leaves. The effects of planting density on leaf weight and leaf mass per area of middle and upper leaves reached highly significant levels. The correlation between leaf development and dry matter accumulation in flue-cured tobacco showed the leaf thickness of the upper leaves was positively correlated with the dry matter accumulation of the flue-cured tobacco population. In low-density conditions, the proportion of top-quality flue-cured tobacco reached 73.35% at an N fertilizer application rate of 112.5 kg/ha, and the yield, production value, and average price of the same N treatment reached the highest among all treatments under normal planting density (D₂). In Baise tobacco area, under the annual tobacco and rice rotation planting mode and the planting density of 1.82×10⁴ plant/ha, the best economic benefit of flue-cured tobacco K326 can be achieved when the amount of base nitrogen fertilizer is 112.5 kg N/ha.

Key words: Nitrogen fertilizer application rate, Planting density, Dry matter accumulation rate, Leaf development characteristics, Yield

Xie Mengfan, Jia Haijiang, Qu Yuankai, Nong Shiying, Li Junlin, Wang Jie, Liu Liwei, Yan Huifeng. Effects of Planting Density and Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Rate on Leaf Development and Yield of Flue-Cured Tobacco in Baise Tobacco Region[J].Crops, 2024, 40(2): 189-197.

Figures/Tables 8

Fig.1

Table 1

Fig.2

Table 2

Effects of planting density and nitrogen fertilizer application rate on the developmental characteristics at the present bud stage and the mature stage in the middle leaves (14th leaf position) of flue-cured tobacco"

生育期Growth stage	处理Treatment		LDW (g)	LA (cm²)	LT (μm)	LMA (g/m²)	LD (g/cm³)
现蕾期Bud stage	D₁	N₉₀	6.04±0.10d	830.45±8.53d	276.53±5.85b	72.68±0.71d	0.26±0.01f
		N_112.5	7.04±0.26c	852.58±9.75bc	244.04±7.57c	82.57±2.23c	0.34±0.00c
		N₁₃₅	9.24±0.25a	857.70±6.73ab	292.25±3.52ab	107.67±2.23a	0.37±0.01ab
	D₂	N₉₀	5.80±0.16d	821.81±3.44d	273.83±3.72b	70.60±1.66d	0.26±0.01f
		N_112.5	7.35±0.14c	852.16±1.92bc	292.55±2.61ab	86.25±1.41c	0.29±0.00e
		N₁₃₅	9.03±0.24a	857.41±3.25ab	298.60±8.80a	105.36±2.95a	0.35±0.00bc
	D₃	N₉₀	7.21±0.12c	838.31±0.67cd	283.25±12.99ab	85.96±1.39c	0.31±0.02de
		N_112.5	8.24±0.18b	859.15±2.51ab	289.25±3.32ab	95.90±1.79b	0.33±0.00cd
		N₁₃₅	9.28±0.10a	873.28±6.56a	273.14±7.00b	106.30±0.59a	0.39±0.01a
	D		20.66^**	4.39^*	4.85^*	22.37^**	14.55^**
	N		183.69^**	26.89^**	2.83^ns	210.69^**	81.34^**
	D×N		4.32^*	0.39^ns	7.34^**	6.96^**	2.06^ns
成熟期Maturation stage	D₁	N₉₀	9.50±0.11g	634.32±10.75e	380.40±14.56a	149.91±4.28d	0.39±0.01e
		N_112.5	10.43±0.17f	665.98±6.37de	370.09±5.60ab	156.55±1.75cd	0.42±0.01e
		N₁₃₅	11.39±0.21e	723.10±26.34ce	321.69±8.06c	157.79±3.26cd	0.49±0.00cd
	D₂	N₉₀	12.83±0.14d	637.57±5.56e	335.35±26.78bc	201.23±0.47a	0.61±0.05a
		N_112.5	14.19±0.48c	778.24±11.90c	365.49±7.29ab	182.36±6.43b	0.50±0.02cd
		N₁₃₅	14.31±0.26c	967.51±54.49a	357.56±21.09abc	148.56±5.92d	0.42±0.01e
	D₃	N₉₀	12.55±0.29d	749.23±12.76c	377.69±4.92a	167.48±1.31c	0.44±0.00de
		N_112.5	17.14±0.10b	867.88±9.44b	350.42±9.89abc	197.54±2.32a	0.56±0.01ab
		N₁₃₅	19.31±0.18a	985.96±12.65a	381.55±9.58a	195.91±3.11a	0.51±0.02bc
	D		447.83^**	58.35^**	1.22^ns	59.03^**	11.83^**
	N		152.46^**	73.48^**	0.51^ns	7.01^**	0.85^ns
	D×N		39.00^**	7.66^**	3.67^*	33.00^**	17.24^**

Table 2

Table 3

Effects of planting density and nitrogen fertilizer application rate on the developmental characteristics at the present bud stage and the mature stage in the upper leaves (18th leaf position) of flue-cured tobacco"

生育期Growth stage	处理Treatment		LDW (g)	LA (cm²)	LT (μm)	LMA (g/m²)	LD (g/cm³)
现蕾期Bud stage	D₁	N₉₀	4.10±0.19d	490.20±9.05e	265.77±8.32ab	83.62±2.42e	0.32±0.01c
		N_112.5	5.32±0.19c	523.53±6.05d	260.77±26.14b	101.50±2.39bcd	0.40±0.04ab
		N₁₃₅	6.41±0.24b	594.79±4.35b	290.76±6.24ab	107.73±3.27b	0.37±0.02abc
	D₂	N₉₀	4.55±0.07d	485.58±2.12e	290.73±5.88ab	93.71±1.52d	0.32±0.01c
		N_112.5	5.24±0.14c	493.87±4.68e	298.61±8.33a	106.20±3.23bc	0.36±0.02bc
		N₁₃₅	6.64±0.07b	521.39±2.98d	299.07±3.32a	127.37±1.87a	0.43±0.01a
	D₃	N₉₀	5.22±0.20c	528.22±7.34d	279.12±1.12ab	98.86±3.10cd	0.35±0.01bc
		N_112.5	6.61±0.09b	551.79±16.34c	293.61±14.65ab	119.93±2.69a	0.41±0.02ab
		N₁₃₅	7.29±0.17a	664.04±3.51a	269.51±5.45ab	109.86±3.06b	0.41±0.02ab
	D		39.66^**	88.06^**	3.39^ns	19.06^**	1.91^ns
	N		134.57^**	123.60^**	0.39^ns	59.23^**	11.16^**
	D×N		1.77^ns	13.56^**	1.47^ns	9.09^**	1.65^ns
成熟期Maturation stage	D₁	N₉₀	10.40±0.19g	534.92±8.35de	432.30±7.69a	194.43±4.08e	0.45±0.01e
		N_112.5	11.71±0.27f	551.73±2.70de	402.15±14.13ab	212.34±5.52cd	0.53±0.01de
		N₁₃₅	13.00±0.34e	714.69±7.12b	381.60±9.75bc	181.81±3.25f	0.48±0.02e
	D₂	N₉₀	13.72±0.31c	528.40±14.76e	336.30±15.90d	259.79±5.92a	0.78±0.04a
		N_112.5	14.42±0.12c	617.69±6.51c	344.02±16.74cd	233.59±4.19b	0.68±0.03b
		N₁₃₅	15.36±0.06b	814.63±21.33a	399.25±12.74ab	188.87±5.30ef	0.47±0.03e
	D₃	N₉₀	12.41±0.10e	562.48±5.81d	375.38±13.72bcd	220.70±0.80c	0.59±0.02cd
		N_112.5	13.71±0.19d	685.12±17.03b	372.54±11.98bcd	200.40±5.54de	0.54±0.02de
		N₁₃₅	17.92±0.08a	711.13±4.32b	400.52±26.69ab	252.02±2.46a	0.64±0.05bc
	D		195.39^**	21.17^**	6.68^**	45.52^**	22.46^**
	N		191.24^**	244.22^**	1.43^ns	11.67^**	5.28^*
	D×N		28.73^**	20.65^**	3.73^*	50.43^**	13.32^**

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Table 6

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处理 Treatment		根系（g/株） Root (g/plant)	茎（g/株） Stem (g/plant)	叶片 Leaf (g/plant)	整株 Total plant (g)	冠根比 Shoot-root ratio	收获指数 Harvest index
D₁	N₉₀	15.82±1.07cd	69.55±1.30d	131.43±3.64d	216.80±4.86e	12.82±0.90ef	0.65±0.00bc
	N_112.5	14.28±1.00de	75.07±1.43bcd	139.31±7.40cd	228.65±6.68cde	15.12±0.84cd	0.65±0.02bc
	N₁₃₅	18.07±0.45b	82.12±4.56ab	125.88±6.17d	226.07±6.55de	11.53±0.48f	0.60±0.02d
D₂	N₉₀	11.55±0.69f	80.96±4.51abc	157.31±3.41b	249.82±3.02b	20.80±1.41a	0.66±0.02bc
	N_112.5	12.98±0.80ef	79.81±0.89abcd	134.40±1.94d	227.19±2.73cde	16.63±1.03bc	0.63±0.00cd
	N₁₃₅	12.79±0.56ef	78.26±4.32abcd	152.74±3.34bc	243.79±6.11bc	18.09±0.40b	0.66±0.01bc
D₃	N₉₀	16.18±0.74c	71.83±4.94cd	155.59±2.56b	243.60±6.45bcd	14.09±0.45de	0.68±0.01ab
	N_112.5	16.54±0.42bc	74.77±4.47bcd	185.11±7.61a	276.43±12.36a	15.70±0.50cd	0.71±0.00a
	N₁₃₅	22.06±1.16a	87.41±0.86a	177.47±1.20a	286.94±1.16a	12.08±0.67ef	0.67±0.00b
D		39.96^**	1.05^ns	56.69^**	39.07^**	38.34^**	14.83^**
N		14.64^**	4.71^*	0.90^ns	4.51^*	5.89^*	2.44^ns
D×N		4.31^*	2.17^ns	9.24^**	6.31^**	5.54^**	3.87^*

叶位 Leaf position		现蕾期Bud stage				成熟期Maturation stage
叶位 Leaf position		LDW	LA	LT	LMA	LDW	LA	LT	LMA
中部Middle	LA	0.84^**				0.82^**
	LT	0.36	0.09			0.07	0.06
	LMA	0.99^**	0.80^**	0.39^*		0.67^**	0.14	-0.03
	LD	0.90^**	0.83^**	-0.06	0.89^**	0.47^*	0.04	-0.57^**	0.83^**
上部Upper	LA	0.80^**				0.64^**
	LT	0.14	-0.10			-0.21	0.11
	LMA	0.84^**	0.35	0.32		0.45^**	-0.39^*	-0.43^*
	LD	0.75^**	0.41^*	-0.32	0.80^**	0.38	-0.34	-0.79^**	0.88^**

时期 Stage	中部叶Middle leaves				上部叶Upper leaves
时期 Stage	LA	LT	LMA	LD	LA	LT	LMA	LD
现蕾期Budding stage
个体Individual	0.317	0.043	0.242	0.258	0.402	0.086	0.439	0.474
群体Population	-0.010	-0.557	-0.124	0.083	0.014	-0.389	-0.037	0.174
成熟期Maturity stage
个体Individual	0.609	0.151	0.691^*	0.517	0.258	-0.142	0.374	0.292
群体Population	-0.187	-0.185	-0.096	0.013	-0.047	0.404	-0.184	-0.285

处理 Treatment		产量 Yield (kg/hm²)	产值（元/hm²） Output value (yuan/hm²)	均价（元/kg） Average price (yuan/kg)	上等烟比例 Upper smoke ratio (%)
D₁	N₉₀	1803.29±41.88	47 113.41±625.25	26.14±0.27	57.43±1.26
	N_112.5	1933.49±2.28	52 080.62±187.33	26.94±0.08	62.88±0.62
	N₁₃₅	1608.87±26.94	41 720.48±933.98	25.93±0.15	61.31±1.13
D₂	N₉₀	1806.15±56.39	48 705.47±1961.10	26.95±0.25	60.50±1.69
	N_112.5	2230.10±168.95	63 191.13±4262.33	28.37±0.23	66.52±1.97
	N₁₃₅	2021.02±69.29	55 631.32±2237.56	27.52±0.17	63.80±1.55
D₃	N₉₀	1929.99±30.50	54 385.50±1589.24	27.22±0.16	58.99±0.72
	N_112.5	2043.81±70.80	57 764.82±1717.21	28.27±0.24	73.35±1.29
	N₁₃₅	1955.36±38.69	53 232.11±1261.68	27.22±0.15	62.35±0.79
D		9.731^**	18.534^**	40.491^**	8.885^**
N		7.792^**	14.493^**	27.474^**	33.346^**
D×N		3.003^*	3.550^*	1.149	5.083^**

Effects of Planting Density and Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Rate on Leaf Development and Yield of Flue-Cured Tobacco in Baise Tobacco Region

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