Crops ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (5): 29-34.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2024.05.004

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Effects of Different Endosperm Phenotypes on Agronomic Traits and Yield in Sorghum

Dong Mingyu(), Zheng Hongfeng, Zhu Zhe   

  1. Tieling Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tieling 112616, Liaoning, China
  • Received:2023-04-27 Revised:2023-11-09 Online:2024-10-15 Published:2024-10-16

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Abstract:

In order to explore the potential effects of endosperm texture and starch type on grain yield, plant height, and other agronomic traits in sorghum, this study conducted artificial hybridization between a waxy sorghum line as the male parent and a floury sorghum line as the female parent in 2021. In 2022, a sample survey was conducted on the F2 population of recombinant endosperm phenotype to identify sample endosperm phenotypes, measure grain yield, plant height, and other agronomic traits for analysis. The results showed that plants with the waxy starch had significantly reduced panicle weight, while those with floury endosperm texture had significantly reduced panicle weight, 1000-grain weight and plant height. Nonetheless, high-yielding lines with a waxy starch type or floury endosperm texture can be chosen, and breeding efforts for these lines must be prioritized in order to effectively discover high-yielding lines with this phenotype.

Key words: Sorghum, Endosperm texture, Starch type, Yield, Agronomic trait

Fig.1

Six different endosperm phenotypes were separated from F2 population (a) waxy-corneous, (b) waxy-intermediate, (c) waxy-floury, (d) nonwaxy-corneous, (e) nonwaxy-intermediate, (f) nonwaxy-floury, the same below."

Fig.2

Six different endosperm phenotypes after iodine staining"

Table 1

The number of samples with different endosperm phenotypes"

淀粉类型
Starch type		 胚乳质地
Endosperm texture		 样本数量（株）
The number of samples (plant)		 淀粉类型
Starch type		 胚乳质地
Endosperm texture		 样本数量（株）
The number of samples (plant)
粳Nonwaxy 角质 11 糯Waxy 角质 8
中等粉质 40 中等粉质 3
粉质 11 粉质 2

Table 2

Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for different endosperm phenotypes (P-value)"

变异来源
Source of variation		 单穗重
Panicle weight		 千粒重
1000-grain weight		 株高
Plant height		 穗长
Panicle length		 茎粗
Stem diameter		 穗柄长
Peduncle length		 叶面积
Leaf area
淀粉类型Starch type 0.042 0.185 0.568 0.144 0.442 0.661 0.217
胚乳质地Endosperm texture 0.046 0.011 0.007 0.095 0.368 0.072 0.348
淀粉类型×胚乳质地
Starch type×endosperm texture		 0.750
 0.407
 0.809
 0.776
 0.210
 0.221
 0.373

Fig.3

Panicle weight of three endosperm textures under different starch types Different lowercase and uppercase letters denote significant differences between different endosperm textures at the levels of 0.05 and 0.01, respectively, the same below."

Fig.4

1000-grain weight of three endosperm textures under different starch types"

Fig.5

Distribution of panicle weight and 1000-grain weight in each sample of F2 population"

Table 3

Other agronomic traits of different endosperm phenotypes"

淀粉类型
Starch type		 胚乳质地
Endosperm texture		 株高
Plant height (m)		 穗长
Panicle length (cm)		 茎粗
Stem diameter (cm)		 穗柄长
Peduncle length (cm)		 叶面积
Leaf area (cm2)
粳Nonwaxy 角质 1.85±0.21bB 23.73±4.31aA 1.72±0.32aA 36.23±3.98bA 554.80±74.39aA
中等粉质 1.76±0.18bAB 21.95±2.86aA 1.70±0.26aA 35.03±5.15abA 551.68±122.36aA
粉质 1.53±0.39aA 21.27±3.29aA 1.76±0.27aA 31.24±6.06aA 549.22±118.76aA
糯Waxy 角质 1.85±0.24bB 22.13±2.53aA 1.62±0.21aA 36.48±4.18aA 516.58±64.95aA
中等粉质 1.64±0.09aA 21.33±1.53aA 1.86±0.23aA 29.83±2.46aA 572.58±95.51aA
粉质 1.51±0.05aA 18.50±3.54aA 1.48±0.04aA 33.80±6.65aA 418.80±55.26aA
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