Crops ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (5): 86-95.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2024.05.013

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Effects of Biodegradable Film and Irrigation Quota on Soil Hydrothermal Characteristics in Cotton Field

Wang Yifan1(), Lin Tao2,3,4, Wang Dong5, Wang Xincui6, Zhang Hao1, Liu Haijun1, Chen Maoguang1, Tang Qiuxiang1()   

  1. 1College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University / Engineering Research Center of Cotton of Ministry of Education, Urumqi 830052, Xinjiang, China
    2Institute of Industrial Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, Xinjiang, China
    3Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
    4Key Laboratory of Crop Physiological Ecology and Cultivation in Desert Oasis Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi 830091, Xinjiang,China
    5Xinjiang Jinfengyuan Seed Industry Co., Ltd., Aksu 842008, Xinjiang, China
    6Shaya County Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Aksu 842008, Xinjiang, China
  • Received:2023-01-13 Revised:2023-10-07 Online:2024-10-15 Published:2024-10-16

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Abstract:

In order to explore the soil hydrothermal characteristics and suitable irrigation amount of cotton field under different biodegradable film mulching in Xinjiang cotton area, in the main area of plastic film, four treatments were set up: Baolifengda thermo-oxidative-biodegradable film (BF), Suzhou Tianzhuang fully biodegradable film (TZ), Lanshantunhe biodegradable film (LS) and polyethylene film (PE). To investigate the effects of biodegradable film and irrigation quota on soil temperature, water distribution, yield and its components in cotton fields, three treatments were set up: 3150 m3/ha (deficit irrigation, W1), 4050 m3/ha (traditional irrigation, W2), and 4950 m3/ha (incremental irrigation, W3). The results showed that the degradation rate of the film were BF > TZ > LS > PE. In comparison to the W1 and W2 treatments, the W3 treatment under the same plastic film mulching increased the water rate in the 0-30 cm soil layer, lowered soil temperature, promoted cotton roots to absorb soil water, and increased seed cotton yield by 3.15% and 1.49%, respectively. Cotton did not grow and develop as well under BF and LS as it did under PE, and the yield was lower. The degration rate of TZ was moderate, and the sed cotton yield reached 5665.20-5776.36 kg/ha. The yield of seed cotton increased by 1.27% when the irrigation guota exceeded W3 by 6.53%. Therefore, the combination of Tianzhuang fully biodegradable film and irrigation quota in the range of 4050-5361 m3/ha can maintain good temperature and moisture in the soil, and ensure the yield does not decrease and reduce the residual film pollution.

Key words: Cotton, Biodegradable mulch film, Irrigation quota, Hydrothermal characteristics, Yield

Table 1

Division of cotton growth period in 2021"

生育时期
Growth period		 苗期
Seedling stage		 蕾期
Bud stage		 花铃期
Boll setting stage		 吐絮期
Boll opening stage		 全生育期
Whole growth period
日期（月-日）Date (month-day) 05-21－06-18 06-19－07-22 07-23－08-24 08-25－09-25 05-21－09-25
播种后天数Days after sowing (d) 0~29 29~64 64~97 97~128 128

Table 2

Field observation standard of biodegradable film"

序号Number 时期Stage 评价标准Evaluation criterion
1 诱导期 开始铺膜到出现小裂缝
2 破裂期 肉眼清楚看到大裂缝
3 崩裂期 地膜裂解成大碎块、没有完整膜面
4 破碎期 地面无大块残膜存在，仍有小碎片
5 全降解期 地膜在地面基本消失

Fig.1

Determination sites"

Table 3

Apparent visual degradation time of different mulching films"

处理
Treatment		 诱导期
Induction stage		 破裂期
Rupture stage		 崩裂期
Disintegration stage		 破碎期
Fragmentation stage		 全降解期
Full degradation stage
日期
Date		 历时
Time (d)		 日期
Date		 历时
Time (d)		 日期
Date		 历时
Time (d)		 日期
Date		 历时
Time (d)		 日期
Date		 历时
Time (d)
PE 05-18-09-27 135 － － － － － － － －
BF 05-18-06-18 31 06-18-07-02 14 07-02-08-24 53 08-24-09-19 26 09-19 124
TZ 05-18-06-18 31 06-18-07-16 28 07-16-09-05 51 09-05-09-27 25 09-27 135
LS 05-18-07-16 59 07-16-08-13 28 08-13-09-27 45 09-27 132 － －

Table 4

Degradation rate of different biodegradable film %"

处理Treatment 30 d 60 d 90 d 120 d 150 d
PE 0.10±0.01c 0.49±0.01c 0.74±0.01d 1.42±0.02d 1.63±0.01d
BF 12.24±0.01a 26.02±0.01a 42.42±0.01a 59.47±0.01a 68.68±0.02a
TZ 12.01±0.01a 20.53±0.01ab 31.86±0.01b 51.16±0.01ab 59.98±0.01b
LS 5.66±0.01b 12.23±0.01b 21.64±0.02c 35.94±0.01c 40.87±0.01c

Fig.2

The change of soil temperature at 10 cm with time in different treatments"

Table 5

Changes of soil effective accumulated temperature under different treatments during cotton growth period ℃·d"

处理
Treatment		 苗期
Seedling stage		 蕾期
Bud stage		 花铃期
Flowering and boll stage		 吐絮期
Boll opening stage		 全生育时期
Whole growth period
W1 PE 496.91a 363.34a 241.78a 183.12a 1285.14a
BF 492.65ab 354.95cd 236.30d 177.21c 1261.12bc
TZ 499.10a 360.91ab 239.28bc 178.48bc 1277.76a
LS 455.00c 347.57e 239.08bc 180.98ab 1222.63e
W2 PE 493.50ab 362.35a 241.10a 180.69ab 1277.64a
BF 490.50ab 353.41d 238.36c 172.01d 1254.28c
TZ 492.83ab 359.92ab 240.19ab 173.22d 1266.16b
LS 455.62c 345.41e 235.70d 177.95bc 1214.68e
W3 PE 484.19b 362.24a 240.82ab 172.60d 1259.85bc
BF 486.54b 354.50cd 239.98abc 162.10f 1243.13d
TZ 492.25ab 357.40bc 240.19ab 162.81ef 1252.64cd
LS 448.69c 344.29e 230.82e 166.01e 1189.81f
灌溉定额Irrigation quota (W) 23.22*** 19.28*** 9.72*** 120.31*** 85.18***
生物降解地膜Biodegradable film (BD) 0.80ns 1.24ns 23.07*** 6.45** 6.45**
灌溉定额×生物降解地膜 (W×BD) 40.85*** 42.05*** 31.92*** 10.47*** 72.68***

Fig.3

Changes of soil water rate in 0-60 cm soil under different treatments"

Table 6

Effects of biodegradable film and irrigation quota on seed cotton yield and its components"

灌溉定额
Irrigation quota (m3/hm2)		 处理
Treatment		 单株结铃数
Boll number per plant		 单铃重
Single boll weight (g)		 籽棉产量
Seed cotton yield (kg/hm2)		 衣分
Lint percentage (%)
W1 PE 5.84a 5.43a 5849.97a 39.53a
BF 5.28j 4.77h 5068.76h 39.78a
TZ 5.52d 5.21de 5489.40d 39.76a
LS 5.34hi 4.86gh 5187.79g 39.59a
W2 PE 5.66c 5.32bc 5737.92bc 39.49a
BF 5.32ij 4.89fg 5198.42g 39.19a
TZ 5.55d 5.28cd 5665.20c 39.49a
LS 5.36gh 4.91fg 5300.42f 39.64a
W3 PE 5.48e 5.15e 5465.39de 39.32a
BF 5.39fg 4.98f 5312.47f 39.76a
TZ 5.74b 5.41ab 5776.36ab 39.52a
LS 5.42f 5.13e 5396.21e 39.77a
灌溉定额Irrigation quota (W) 185.09*** 141.33*** 165.34*** 1.03ns
生物降解地膜Biodegradable film (BD) 7.16** 9.77*** 13.44*** 0.57ns
灌溉定额×生物降解地膜 (W×BD) 103.13*** 16.37*** 37.13*** 0.45ns

Table 7

Correlation among degradation rate, soil temperature, seed cotton yield and its components under different treatments"

指标Index Dr St Ti Wc Bp Sw Y
Dr 1.00
St 0.27 1.00
Ti -0.47 -0.12 1.00
Wc -0.66* -0.34 -0.19 1.00
Bp -0.09 0.21 -0.52 0.47 1.00
Sw -0.01 0.37 -0.21 -0.13 0.67* 1.00
Y -0.05 0.33 -0.39 0.16 0.90** 0.93** 1.00

Fig.4

Fitting of irrigation quota and seed cotton yield under biodegradable film mulching"

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