Crops ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (5): 159-166.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2024.05.023

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Effects of Different Types and Dosage of Bacterial Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Broccoli

Cao Shaona(), Wu Lixiao, Guan Yaobing, Wang Kexiong()   

  1. Guyuan Branch, Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Guyuan 756000, Ningxia, China
  • Received:2023-10-25 Revised:2023-12-13 Online:2024-10-15 Published:2024-10-16

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Abstract:

A three-year continuous cropping of broccoli fields was used as the test soil. There were two kinds of bacterial fertilizer (M) and K fertilizer (K) and four fertilizer dosages of 300 (T1), 600 (T2), 900 (T3) and 1200 kg/ha (T4), and no bacterial fertilizer was the control (CK). The effects of different types and dosages of bacterial fertilizer on the physicochemical properties of rhizosphere soil and the yield and quality of broccoli were analyzed. The results showed that, compared with CK, the application of two kinds of bacterial bacterial fertilizer could significantly increase the activities of urease, sucrase and alkaline phosphatase, significantly reduce pH, and play a role in improving soil to a certain extent. The activities of urease, sucrase and catalase all showed an increasing trend with the increase of the amount of bacterial fertilizer. The application of two kinds of bacterial fertilizer had significant effects on soluble protein, nitrate, Vc and soluble solid, but the effects of different amounts of bacterial fertilizer were different. T3 treatment could significantly increase Vc content, T4 treatment could significantly increase soluble protein content. The output value and economic benefit of different bacterial fertilizers were affected by the yield and production input, and the application effect may be related to the effective number of viable bacteria contained in the bacterial fertilizer itself. According to comprehensive analysis, the application of 600 kg/ha bacterial fertilizer M had the best comprehensive effect, followed by the application of 1200 kg/ha bacterial fertilizer M, the application of 900 kg/ha bacterial fertilizer K had the worst comprehensive effect, the comprehensive effects of each dosage of bacterial fertilizer M ranks first, and the application of 600 kg/ha bacterial fertilizer M was recommended in agricultural production.

Key words: Broccoli, Yield, Quality, Bacterial fertilizer, Dosage

Table 1

Test bacterial fertilizer"

肥料名称Fertilizer name 有效菌株Effective strain 有效活菌数Effective viable bacteria
菌肥M Bacterial fertilizer M 哈茨木霉、枯草芽孢杆菌、巨大芽孢杆菌 有效活菌数≥10亿/g
菌肥K Bacterial fertilizer K 枯草芽孢杆菌、解淀粉芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌 有效活菌数≥1亿/g，有机质≥40%

Table 2

Effects of different bacterial fertilizer types and dosages on the physicochemical properties of broccoli inter-root soil"

处理
Treatment		 pH 电导率
Electrical
conductivity (mS/cm)		 有机质
Organic matter
(g/kg)		 碱解氮
Alkali-hydrolyzed
nitrogen (mg/kg)		 有效磷
Available phosphorus
(mg/kg)		 速效钾
Rapidly available
potassium (mg/kg)		 全盐
Total salt
(g/kg)
CK 9.37±0.07a 0.34±0.00c 17.26±0.27a 56.19±0.42c 31.83±0.53b 264.42±5.91a 1.16±0.00c
M 9.22±0.01b 0.36±0.00a 17.11±0.19a 59.31±0.64b 32.24±0.09b 264.45±1.37a 1.24±0.01a
K 9.22±0.00b 0.35±0.00b 17.20±0.18a 63.11±1.44a 37.64±0.12a 254.11±2.25b 1.18±0.00b
CK 9.37±0.07a 0.34±0.00d 17.26±0.27a 56.19±0.42c 31.83±0.53d 264.42±5.91a 1.16±0.00d
T1 9.19±0.01b 0.39±0.00a 17.18±0.13a 60.63±1.88b 32.54±0.22cd 252.12±3.36b 1.32±0.01a
T2 9.35±0.03a 0.30±0.00e 17.24±0.22a 59.52±1.13b 34.43±0.25b 266.18±1.48a 1.05±0.01e
T3 9.13±0.00c 0.37±0.00b 17.06±0.26a 61.28±1.11ab 39.86±0.64a 266.94±1.42a 1.27±0.01b
T4 9.20±0.01b 0.35±0.00c 17.15±0.14a 63.40±1.12a 32.93±0.38c 251.90±3.48b 1.20±0.01c
种类Type (T) 0.008 158.464** 1.141 19.278** 619.126** 42.322** 158.464**
用量Dosage (D) 99.003** 734.948** 0.756 3.553* 242.139** 27.960** 734.948**
种类×用量T×D 65.321** 1285.439** 1.975 15.607** 3031.552** 58.055** 1285.439**

Table 3

Effects of different bacterial fertilizer types and dosages on the enzyme activities of broccoli inter-root soil"

处理
Treatment		 脲酶
Urease
[mg/(g?min)]		 蔗糖酶
Invertase
[mg/(g?min)]		 过氧化氢酶
Hydrogen peroxidase
(mL/g)		 碱性磷酸酶
Alkaline phosphatase
[mg/(g?min)]		 蛋白酶
Protease
[g/(g?min)]
CK 4.06±0.06b 4.10±0.02b 8.25±0.02b 4.36±0.04b 7.91±0.01b
M 4.41±0.03a 5.04±0.05a 8.21±0.02c 4.66±0.08a 7.90±0.05b
K 4.48±0.16a 5.10±0.03a 8.31±0.00a 4.53±0.07a 9.06±0.01a
CK 4.06±0.06c 4.10±0.02d 8.25±0.02b 4.36±0.04bc 7.91±0.01c
T1 4.20±0.15bc 4.98±0.08b 8.25±0.02b 4.60±0.16b 9.29±0.19b
T2 4.62±0.03a 5.32±0.03a 8.25±0.03b 5.09±0.10a 10.17±0.28a
T3 4.35±0.20b 4.57±0.05c 8.29±0.00a 4.25±0.11c 7.81±0.20c
T4 4.68±0.06a 5.40±0.08a 8.26±0.02ab 4.51±0.22bc 6.65±0.13d
种类Type (T) 1.442 3.799 103.438** 2.890 119.346**
用量Dosage (D) 16.671** 127.149** 5.123* 21.661** 217.131**
种类×用量T×D 43.614** 86.657** 10.356** 4.282* 40.196**

Table 4

Effects of different bacterial fertilizers and dosages on the quality indexes of broccoli"

处理
Treatment		 Vc
(mg/100g)		 可溶性糖
Soluble sugar (%)		 硝酸盐
Nitrate content (mg/g)		 可溶性蛋白
Soluble protein (%)		 可溶性固形物
Soluble solids (%)
CK 108.17±0.48a 3.09±0.04a 1946.67±11.55c 0.55±0.01c 7.82±0.06a
M 102.48±0.25c 2.93±0.01b 2400.00±36.31a 0.66±0.01a 6.97±0.01c
K 106.89±0.14b 3.06±0.03a 2124.17±20.21b 0.64±0.01b 7.51±0.04b
CK 108.17±0.48b 3.09±0.04ab 1946.67±11.55c 0.55±0.01e 7.82±0.06a
T1 103.20±0.37c 2.86±0.01c 2125.00±22.91b 0.63±0.01c 6.90±0.05e
T2 102.64±0.24c 3.14±0.01a 2206.67±12.58b 0.66±0.00b 7.50±0.05b
T3 110.89±0.28a 3.05±0.02b 2130.00±70.00b 0.57±0.00d 7.17±0.03d
T4 102.00±0.14d 2.93±0.07c 2586.67±62.92a 0.76±0.01a 7.38±0.03c
种类Type (T) 806.667** 34.010** 97.822** 17.816* 603.571**
用量Dosage (D) 721.867** 31.884** 61.999** 386.751** 143.381**
种类×用量T×D 462.311** 1.059 10.646** 38.639** 231.381**

Table 5

Effects of different bacterial fertilizers and dosages on dry matter accumulation in broccoli g"

处理
Treatment		 地下部Underground part 地上部Aboveground part
鲜质量Fresh weight 干质量Dry weight 鲜质量Fresh weight 干质量Dry weight
CK 66.32±8.55a 39.73±3.04a 1674.70±110.15a 145.14±13.11a
M 57.09±7.75a 33.03±1.75b 1760.88±78.16a 125.66±1.00b
K 56.08±3.90a 31.52±0.83b 1611.32±91.91a 120.82±1.02b
CK 66.32±8.55a 39.73±3.04a 1674.70±110.15ab 145.14±13.11a
T1 62.10±5.18a 32.77±4.51b 1852.52±57.91a 126.34±4.63b
T2 57.68±4.96a 32.66±3.32b 1661.78±127.46ab 118.35±4.93b
T3 52.78±5.71a 31.98±1.77b 1552.87±118.52b 122.12±12.37b
T4 53.78±14.79a 31.70±1.49b 1677.22±160.37ab 126.13±6.44b
种类Type (T) 0.050 0.801 4.541* 0.809
用量Dosage (D) 0.885 0.095 3.121 0.496
种类×用量T×D 1.300 1.381 1.173 1.684

Table 6

Effects of different bacterial fertilizers and dosages on the yield factors of broccoli"

处理
Treatment		 花球外茎粗
Bulb thick (mm)		 花球直径
Flower bulb diameter (mm)		 花球质量
Flower bulb weight (g)		 单株质量
Weight per plant (g)
CK 44.42±0.74b 134.02±1.74a 430.82±23.10ab 1358.62±18.00b
M 46.25±0.91a 126.51±3.14b 443.31±23.87a 1422.08±25.03a
K 45.07±0.45ab 119.54±1.23c 392.54±12.83b 1409.75±31.22a
CK 44.42±0.74a 134.02±1.74a 430.82±23.10a 1358.62±18.00c
T1 46.03±0.17a 122.09±0.71b 412.37±34.19ab 1407.13±19.52b
T2 45.91±1.44a 124.03±0.08b 434.73±12.47a 1454.28±26.26a
T3 44.63±1.38a 119.79±4.14b 379.17±17.98b 1326.93±26.48c
T4 46.06±0.70a 126.21±10.79ab 445.43±34.78a 1475.32±27.46a
种类Type (T) 5.265* 4.948* 14.314** 0.238
用量Dosage (D) 1.798 0.763 4.761* 6.774**
种类×用量T×D 1.487 1.318 2.264 4.227*

Table 7

Effects of different fertilization treatments on the yield and economic efficiency of broccoli"

处理
Treatment		 产量
Yield (kg/hm2)		 生产投入（元/hm2）Cost (yuan/hm2) 产值（元/hm2）
Output
(yuan/hm2)		 经济效益（元/hm2）
Economic benefit
(yuan/hm2)
肥料
Manure		 种苗
Seedling		 机耕
Machine farming		 人工费
Labor cost		 农药
pesticide
CK 16 155.70±866.18ab 9900 9375 2250 7500 1500 64 622.81±3464.70ab 36 347.81±3464.70a
M 16 624.15±895.28a 9900 9375 2250 7500 1500 66 496.59±3581.12a 36 346.59±3581.12a
K 14 720.20±481.27b 9900 9375 2250 7500 1500 58 880.81±1925.10b 28 730.81±1925.10b
CK 16 155.70±866.18a 7650 9375 2250 7500 1500 64 622.81±3464.70a 36 347.81±3464.70a
T1 15 463.74±1282.00ab 8550 9375 2250 7500 1500 61 854.95±5128.01ab 32 829.95±5128.01ab
T2 16 302.52±467.63a 9450 9375 2250 7500 1500 65 210.10±1870.52a 35 435.10±1870.52a
T3 14 218.71±674.24b 10 350 9375 2250 7500 1500 56 874.85±2696.96b 26 349.85±2696.96b
T4 16 703.73±1304.24a 11 250 9375 2250 7500 1500 66 814.91±5216.96a 35 539.91±5216.96a
种类Type (T) 14.314** － － － － － 14.314** 14.314**
用量Dosage (D) 4.761* － － － － － 4.761* 4.761*
种类×用量T×D 2.264 － － － － － 2.264 2.264

Table 8

Characteristic vector and contribution rate of each composite index"

指标
Indicator		 第1主成分PC1 第2主成分PC2 第3主成分PC3
载荷值
Load
value		 特性向量
Characteristic
vector		 载荷值
Load
value		 特性向量
Characteristic
vector		 载荷值
Load
value		 特性向量
Characteristic
vector
Vc -0.804 -0.304 0.109 0.067 0.016 0.012
可溶性糖Soluble sugar -0.424 -0.160 0.574 0.352 0.528 0.408
硝酸盐Nitratecontent 0.643 0.243 -0.627 -0.385 0.202 0.156
可溶性蛋白Soluble protein 0.646 0.244 -0.487 -0.299 0.464 0.359
可溶性固形物Soluble solids -0.016 -0.006 0.761 0.467 0.605 0.467
花球外茎粗Bulb thick 0.702 0.265 -0.433 -0.266 -0.269 -0.208
花球直径Flower bulb diameter 0.711 0.269 0.565 0.347 -0.178 -0.138
花球质量Flower bulb weight 0.966 0.365 0.222 0.136 -0.046 -0.036
单株质量Weight per plant 0.805 0.304 0.142 0.087 0.381 0.294
产量Yield 0.966 0.365 0.222 0.136 -0.046 -0.036
产值Output 0.966 0.365 0.222 0.136 -0.046 -0.036
生产投入Production inputs 0.162 0.061 -0.571 -0.351 0.700 0.541
经济效益Economic benefit 0.930 0.352 0.318 0.195 -0.166 -0.128
特征值Eigenvalue 6.995 2.653 1.675
贡献率Contribution rate (%) 53.809 20.405 12.885
累计贡献率Cumulative contribution rate (%) 53.809 74.214 87.099

Table 9

The score and ranking of each principal component under the interaction of type and dosage of bacterial fertilizer"

处理
Treatment		 得分Score 综合得分
Overall
score		 综合排名
Overall
ranking
第1主成分
PC1		 第2主成分
PC2		 第3主成分
PC3
CK -0.47 3.01 -1.00 0.23 4
MT1 0.75 -1.61 -2.52 -0.25 7
MT2 2.75 0.34 -0.22 1.52 1
MT3 -0.01 0.84 -0.03 0.16 5
MT4 3.10 -2.09 0.65 1.32 2
KT1 -0.90 0.41 -0.42 -0.46 8
KT2 -1.07 1.07 1.44 -0.17 6
KT3 -5.78 -1.74 0.30 -3.42 9
KT4 1.63 -0.24 1.80 1.06 3
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