Crops ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (4): 259-266.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2025.04.033

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Effects of Transplanting Period on Cigar Growth, Photosynthetic Parameters and Activities of Key Enzymes in Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism

Peng Yuqing1(), Xiang Shipeng2, Chen Zhifeng2, Liu Jie1,4, Hu Junjie1, Li Yangyang3, Zhou Shimin2, Zhou Zhi1, Li Qiang1()   

  1. 1College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
    2Hunan Tobacco Company Changsha City Company, Changsha 410007, Hunan, China
    3Hunan Tobacco Research Institute, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China
    4Great Wall Cigar Factory of China Tobacco Sichuan Industry Co., Ltd., Shifang 618400, Sichuan, China
  • Received:2024-07-15 Revised:2024-08-16 Online:2025-08-15 Published:2025-08-12

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Abstract:

To determine the suitable transplanting period for cigars in the cigar planting area of Ningxiang, Changsha, Hunan Province, using the cigar variety “Changxuan 1” as the experimental material, a total of five transplanting period treatments were set up, namely T1 (February 26th), T2 (March 8th), T3 (March 18th), T4 (March 28th), and T5 (April 7th), the effects of different transplanting periods on the growth, photosynthetic parameters and the activities of key enzymes in carbon and nitrogen metabolism of cigars were studied. The results showed that with the postponement of the transplanting period, the growth periods of each treatment gradually shortened. The growth period of T5 treatment was 23 days shorter than that of T1 treatment. The field growth condition of tobacco plants gradually improved. T4 and T5 treatments performed better, and the accumulation of dry matter was higher than that of other treatments. With the postponement of the transplanting period, the utilization efficiency of PSⅡ, photochemical quenching and relative chlorophyll content showed a downward trend, while non-photochemical quenching showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. At 60 d and 70 d in the later stage of transplanting, the activity of T1 treatment nitrate reductase was relatively high, which was 69.61 and 47.99 U/g, respectively. The activity of soluble acid invertase varied greatly at different times. The T3 and T4 treatments were generally stable and superior, while the activity of the T5 treatment was relatively low at each period. The activity of sucrose phosphate synthase gradually decreased in different transplanting periods. At 50, 70, and 80 days, the activity of sucrose phosphate synthase in T2 treatment was the highest, while the activity was relatively low under T5 treatment. Among the economic characteristics, the T4 treatment had the highest yield and the highest proportion of medium and superior tobacco, which were 1999.48 kg/ha and 81.33%, respectively. To sum up, it is initially believed that the most suitable transplanting period for cigars in the tobacco-growing area of Ningxiang is from March 28th to April 7th.

Key words: Cigar, Transplanting period, Photosynthesis parameters, Carbon and nitrogen metabolism, Key enzyme activities

Table 1

Fertilization scheme kg/hm2"

肥料
Fertilizer		 种类
Species		 用量
Usage		 供应养分量
Supply of nutrients
N P2O5 K2O
基肥Base fertilizer 专用基肥 1350 108.00 135.00 148.50
硫酸钾 375 195.00
饼肥 750
基肥养分
Base nutrient		 108.00
 135.00
 343.50
追肥Topdressing 提苗肥 75 15.00 6.75
硝酸钾 750 101.25 333.75
硫酸钾 75 39.00
追肥养分
Topdressing nutrient		 116.25
 6.75
 372.75
合计Total 224.25 141.75 716.25

Table 2

Growth period records of different transplanting periods"

处理
Treatment		 移栽时间（月-日）
Transplanting
time (month-day)		 团棵期（月-日）
Rosette
period (month-day)		 现蕾期（月-日）
Squaring period
(month-day)		 打顶期（月-日）
Topping stage
(month-day)		 下部叶采收期（月-日）
Lower leaves harvest
period (month-day)		 顶叶采收期（月-日）
Upper leaves harvesting
period (month-day)		 生育期
Growth
period (d)
T1 02-26 04-09 05-08 05-11 05-13 06-10 105
T2 03-08 04-13 05-16 05-22 05-23 06-15 100
T3 03-18 04-21 05-23 05-23 06-15 06-20 95
T4 03-28 04-30 05-30 05-30 06-15 06-27 92
T5 04-07 05-09 06-01 06-01 06-15 06-27 82

Table 3

Effects of different transplanting periods on effective accumulated temperature in growth period ℃"

处理
Treatment		 伸根期
Root extension
period		 旺长期
Booming
period		 成熟期
Mature
period		 大田期
Field
period
T1 622.8 597.6 810.2 2030.6
T2 573.6 679.7 774.9 2028.2
T3 601.6 651.5 749.8 2002.9
T4 633.7 703.6 738.5 2075.8
T5 670.0 556.2 686.0 1912.2

Fig.1

Effects of different transplanting periods on dry matter accumulation Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference at P < 0.05 level, the same below."

Table 4

Effects of different transplanting periods on the agronomic traits of cigars 30 days after transplanting"

处理
Treatment		 株高
Plant height
(cm)		 茎围
Stem circumference
(cm)		 最大叶长
Maximum leaf
length (cm)		 最大叶宽
Maximum leaf
width (cm)		 叶数
Number of
leaves		 最大叶面积
Maximum leaf
area (cm2)
T1 8.82±0.65c 2.54±0.09c 19.17±0.97c 7.92±0.73d 10.25±1.25a 96.41±13.89c
T2 11.48±0.85b 2.82±0.25bc 19.82±1.40c 8.38±0.66d 9.77±0.97a 105.35±14.97c
T3 13.17±1.02b 2.69±0.31d 19.06±1.97c 10.25±1.33c 10.62±0.70a 124.82±29.11c
T4 12.04±1.41b 3.03±0.16b 23.24±2.41b 12.02±0.69b 10.03±1.12a 176.45±22.89b
T5 15.66±1.89a 3.67±0.15a 26.27±1.67a 15.64±1.23a 10.15±1.07a 261.02±36.66a

Table 5

Effects of different transplanting periods on the agronomic traits of cigars 60 days after transplanting"

处理
Treatment		 株高
Plant height
(cm)		 茎围
Stem circumference
(cm)		 最大叶长
Maximum leaf
length (cm)		 最大叶宽
Maximum leaf
width (cm)		 叶数
Number of
leaves		 最大叶面积
Maximum leaf
area (cm2)
T1 57.65±7.24d 5.27±0.52b 38.32±3.08bc 18.40±0.42d 14.73±0.47b 446.27±45.79c
T2 72.27±3.04c 5.25±0.38b 37.01±8.59c 20.75±0.82c 17.28±0.47a 487.54±35.23c
T3 85.54±0.26b 5.92±0.42b 47.36±1.14ab 25.26±1.11b 18.03±1.41a 761.37±37.88b
T4 133.18±8.70a 7.88±0.36a 56.63±3.10a 28.69±1.25a 17.33±1.25a 1029.46±18.79a
T5 137.73±2.49a 8.25±0.14a 57.55±3.00a 30.72±1.27a 18.01±0.00a 1123.90±63.85a

Fig.2

Effects of different transplanting periods on the average temperature of cigars at different growth stages"

Table 6

Effects of different transplanting periods on the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of cigars (budding stage)"

处理Treatment Phi2 qL NPQt SPAD
T1 0.47±0.04a 0.58±0.08a 1.47±0.15b 53.76±3.72ab
T2 0.40±0.01ab 0.51±0.05ab 1.19±0.30b 56.75±1.59a
T3 0.36±0.03b 0.45±0.05ab 2.66±0.83a 51.29±4.41ab
T4 0.36±0.07b 0.48±0.17ab 2.90±0.41a 47.23±1.14bc
T5 0.35±0.05b 0.30±0.05b 2.29±0.77ab 46.71±2.49c

Fig.3

Effects of different transplanting periods on NR activity"

Fig.4

Effects of different transplanting periods on S-AI activity"

Fig.5

Effects of different transplanting periods on SPS activity"

Table 7

Effects of different transplanting periods on the economic characteristics of cigars"

处理
Treatment		 产量
Yield
(kg/hm2)		 中上等烟比例
The proportion
of medium and
superior tobacco (%)		 次等烟比例
Proportion
of inferior
tobacco (%)
T1 1330.52±50.87c 66.58±2.36c 33.42±2.36a
T2 1434.04±48.32b 72.14±1.63b 27.86±1.63b
T3 1906.46±47.02a 76.65±2.49ab 23.35±2.49bc
T4 1999.48±37.40a 81.33±2.26a 18.67±2.26c
T5 1917.03±40.40a 78.57±2.28a 21.43±2.28c
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