Crops ›› 2016, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (3): 104-109.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2016.03.020

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Effects of Sowing Date and Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate on Nitrogen Metabolism and Kernel Protein Content of Winter Wheat

Feng Meichen,Chen Peng,Yang Wude,Wang Chao   

  1. College of Agronomy,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,Shanxi,China
  • Received:2016-03-08 Revised:2016-04-11 Online:2016-06-15 Published:2018-08-26
  • Contact: Wude Yang

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Abstract:

In order to clarify the effects of sowing date and nitrogen application rate on nitrogen metabolism and protein of winter wheat, the nitrogen content, accumulation and grain protein in stems and leaves were investigated after the flowering stage with split plot design. The results showed that the moderately late sowing could increase the nitrogen content, nitrogen accumulation and grain protein content in stem and leaf of winter wheat. Compared with the nitrogen rate (0kg/hm 2), the nitrogen accumulation content increased along with the nitrogen application obviously and it improved firstly, and then declined with the increase of nitrogen rate. On the same sowing date, the grain protein content reached to the highest with the nitrogen application of 150kg/hm 2 and 225kg/hm 2, and it indicated that the appropriate nitrogen application amount could achieve the best grain quality. Moreover, the nitrogen application was proved to be the main factor to determine the grain protein content as the effectiveness of nitrogen application to grain protein could account for 66.85%. Therefore, considering the nitrogen metabolism, grain protein content in the leaf and stem, yield of winter wheat, the recommended sowing date and nitrogen application rate were October 11 and 150kg/hm 2 in current situation. The results can provide theoretical and technical support for winter wheat planting optimization in Shanxi province.

Key words: Sowing date, Nitrogen application, Nitrogen metabolism, Nitrogen accumulation, Effectiveness

Table 1

Nitrogen content of winter wheat in flower stage under different sowing date %"

器官
Organ		 播期
Sowing date		 冬小麦开花后天数Day after flowering stage of winter wheat(d)
0 7 14 21 28 35 42
茎Stem 10-01 1.33c 1.26b 0.80d 0.97a 0.80b 0.55c 0.29d
10-06 1.22d 1.14c 0.98c 0.95b 0.62d 0.43d 0.43b
10-11 1.40b 1.13d 1.13b 0.76d 0.83a 0.56b 0.41c
10-16 1.55a 1.34a 1.49a 0.88c 0.71c 0.63a 0.53a
叶Leaf 10-01 2.64b 2.65b 2.47b 2.09b 2.06d 1.76b 1.10d
10-06 2.40d 2.41d 2.51a 2.36a 2.28a 1.52c 1.27b
10-11 2.56c 2.45c 2.45c 1.72d 2.16c 1.46d 1.13c
10-16 2.66a 2.71a 2.44d 2.04c 2.18b 2.00a 1.57a

Table 2

Nitrogen accumulation of winter wheat in flower stage under different sowing date g/m2"

器官
Organ		 播期
Sowing date		 冬小麦开花后天数Day after flowering stage of winter wheat(d)
0 7 14 21 28 35 42
茎Stem 10-01 5.04d 6.17b 4.03d 4.80b 7.05b 2.41d 1.84d
10-06 6.33b 4.27c 9.53a 7.75a 8.58a 2.65b 2.30c
10-11 7.50 a 3.96d 8.53c 3.40d 5.16d 2.57c 3.04b
10-16 5.90c 9.07a 8.73b 3.48c 5.69c 2.86a 3.85a
叶Leaf 10-01 3.25d 3.81c 3.04d 3.36b 4.32c 1.81d 2.00c
10-06 5.92a 6.01b 6.21a 4.44a 6.25a 2.56b 0.90d
10-11 4.74c 3.12d 5.74b 2.49c 3.60d 1.89c 2.27b
10-16 5.12b 6.15a 3.34c 2.22d 4.38b 2.59a 2.90a

Table 3

Nitrogen content of winter wheat in flower stage under different nitrogen rate %"

器官
Organ		 施氮量
Nitrogen application(kg/hm2)		 冬小麦开花后天数Day after flowering stage of winter wheat(d)
0 7 14 21 28 35 42
茎Stem 0 1.16d 1.15d 0.98d 0.69e 0.78a 0.47c 0.31e
75 1.20c 1.34c 1.12b 0.89c 0.72b 0.29e 0.60a
150 1.22b 1.14e 0.98d 0.95b 0.62d 0.43d 0.43b
225 1.22b 1.36a 1.17a 0.86d 0.69c 0.76a 0.34d
300 1.36a 1.35b 1.09c 1.01a 0.59e 0.51b 0.42c
叶Leaf 0 2.55a 2.43a 2.42d 2.09c 2.08c 1.96a 0.77c
75 2.52b 2.41a 2.56a 2.16b 2.23b 0.97e 1.08b
150 2.40d 2.17a 2.51b 2.36a 2.28a 1.52c 0.57e
225 2.38e 2.66a 2.47c 1.80e 2.08c 1.85b 0.75d
300 2.46c 2.32a 2.26e 2.03d 2.01d 1.42d 1.33a

Table 4

Nitrogen accumulation of winter wheat in flowering stage under different nitrogen rate g/m2"

器官
Organ		 施氮量
Nitrogen application(kg/hm2)		 冬小麦开花后天数Day after flowering stage of winter wheat(d)
0 7 14 21 28 35 42
茎Stem 0 4.69c 7.36c 6.47d 4.67e 4.92d 2.53d 2.20c
75 5.42b 8.97a 8.90c 6.84b 6.99b 2.69c 2.25c
150 6.33a 4.27d 9.53b 7.75a 8.58a 2.65cd 2.30c
225 6.37a 8.39b 13.85a 5.65c 5.29c 5.04a 2.99a
300 5.61b 7.43c 6.71d 5.29d 3.24e 3.82b 2.72b
叶Leaf 0 3.05e 4.17d 3.42c 2.76e 2.84d 2.11e 2.35b
75 4.66c 9.63b 6.14a 5.17a 5.06b 2.36d 1.47d
150 5.92a 6.01a 6.21a 4.44b 6.25a 2.56c 0.90e
225 4.92b 5.11c 6.18a 3.84c 4.89b 3.23a 1.99c
300 3.80d 3.77e 3.91b 3.12d 3.01c 2.72c 2.95a

Table 5

Effects of sowing date and nitrogen fertilizer rate on grain yield of wheat kg/hm2"

播期
Sowing date		 施氮量Nitrogen application(kg/hm2)
0 75 150 225 300
10-01 3 420.00c 4 085.48cd 4 987.50b 5 272.50a 5 201.25ab
10-06 3 551.00c 3 995.74cd 5 236.88b 5 536.13a 5 462.12ab
10-11 4 560.00c 6 911.25b 7 243.28a 7 286.03a 6 626.25b
10-16 4 156.73d 5 011.73c 5 652.98b 6 151.73a 5 913.75ab

Table 6

Effects of sowing date and nitrogen fertilizer rate on protein content of wheat %"

播期
Sowing date		 施氮量Nitrogen application(kg/hm2)
0 75 150 225 300
10-01 17.37d 17.55c 18.03b 18.74a 17.97b
10-06 17.30d 18.43b 18.51ab 18.62a 17.63c
10-11 16.74d 17.87c 18.05b 18.36a 18.29a
10-16 17.63d 18.18c 19.05a 19.11a 18.58b

Fig.1

Effects of sowing date and nitrogen rate on grain protein content"

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