Crops ›› 2019, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (3): 162-167.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2019.03.027

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Effects of Different Irrigation Regimes on Canopy Structure and Population Quality of Sesame

Gao Tongmei1,Li Feng1,Wu Yin1,Wei Libin1,Wang Dongyong1,Tian Yuan1,Fei Gaoliang2,Wei Shuangling1   

  1. 1 Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Oil Crops in Huanghuaihai Plains, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Henan Key Laboratory of Specific Oilseed Crops Genomics, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
    2 Plant Protection and Quarantine Station of Pingyu County, Pingyu 463400, Henan, China
  • Received:2019-01-28 Revised:2019-04-01 Online:2019-06-15 Published:2019-06-12
  • Contact: Shuangling Wei

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Abstract:

To understand the effects of irrigation regimes on agronomic trait, yield traits, canopy structure and photosynthetic traits of sesame, we studied two sesame cultivars currently used in the production, Zhengtaizhi 1 (white) and Zhengheizhi 1 (black) under traditional irrigation (flooding irrigation) and water-saving irrigation (drip irrigation) in Henan Provincial Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Experiment Demonstration Base in 2018. The results showed: (1) Compared with flooding irrigation, the two cultivars under drip irrigation increased by 13.58% and 8.40% of yield and by 4.25% and 4.29% of economic coefficient, respectively. (2) Compared with flooding irrigation, the two cultivars under drip irrigation increased 2.61% and 5.50% in leaf area index (LAI) and decreased 13.43% and 23.22% in light transmission rate of canopy (LTRC). (3) Compared with flooding irrigation, the two cultivars under drip irrigation increased 3.60% and 4.15% in net photosynthetic rate, 2.99% and 3.78% in SPAD value and 8.24% and 10.09% in chlorophyll density.

Key words: Sesame (Sesame indicum L.), Irrigation regimes, Canopy structure, Population quality, Yield, Photosynthetic characteristic

Table 1

Effects of irrigation regimes on seed yield and its components of sesame"

品种Variety 灌溉方式
Irrigation regime		 单株蒴数
Capsules
per plant		 单株有效蒴数
Effective capsules
per plant		 单蒴粒数
Seeds per
capsule		 千粒重(g)
1000-seed
weight		 单株产量(g)
Yield
per plant		 有效蒴果率(%)
Effective
capsule rate
郑太芝1号Zhengtaizhi 1 滴灌Drip irrigation 100.00a 91.00a 65.20a 2.86a 13.88a 91.00a
漫灌Flooding irrigation 87.40b 76.60b 63.80a 2.80a 12.22b 87.64b
F（F0.05=5.12） 17.879 49.846 1.241 0.651 8.109 8.291
郑黑芝1号Zhengheizhi 1 滴灌Drip irrigation 96.40a 87.40a 64.40a 2.77a 13.16a 90.66a
漫灌Flooding irrigation 85.80b 75.60b 61.40a 2.78a 12.14a 88.11a
F（F0.05=5.12） 7.803 11.121 4.688 0.016 4.579 2.605

Table 2

Effects of irrigation regimes on agronomic trait of sesame cm"

品种
Variety		 灌溉方式
Irrigation regime		 株高
Plant height		 始蒴部位
First capsule height		 黄稍尖长度
Yellow apex length		 主茎果轴长度
Capsule axis length
郑太芝1号Zhengtaizhi 1 滴灌Drip irrigation 187.32a 42.80b 6.18a 138.34a
漫灌Flooding irrigation 182.44a 49.50a 6.16a 126.78b
F（F0.05=5.12） 1.287 5.900 0.001 16.019
郑黑芝1号Zhengheizhi 1 滴灌Drip irrigation 177.26a 48.66a 5.70b 122.90a
漫灌Flooding irrigation 170.76a 45.00a 8.44a 117.32a
F（F0.05=5.12） 3.047 1.923 6.809 2.399

Table 3

Effects of irrigation regimes on ability of matter translocation of sesame %"

品种Variety 灌溉方式Irrigation regime 经济系数Economic coefficient 粒蒴比Seeds capsule ratio 根冠比Root shoot ratio
郑太芝1号Zhengtaizhi 1 滴灌Drip irrigation 18.17a 44.67a 11.00a
漫灌Flooding irrigation 17.43b 43.70b 12.07a
F（F0.05=7.71） 13.829 8.947 17.655
郑黑芝1号Zhengheizhi 1 滴灌Drip irrigation 17.73a 44.23a 11.10b
漫灌Flooding irrigation 17.00b 43.73a 12.33a
F（F0.05=7.71） 15.613 2.163 40.265

Table 4

Effects of irrigation regimes on LAI of sesame"

品种
Variety		 灌溉方式
Irrigation regime		 现蕾期
Squaring stage		 盛花10d
Full-bloom 10 days		 盛花25d
Full-bloom 25 days		 终花期
Final flowering		 成熟期
Maturation stage		 平均
Mean
郑太芝1号Zhengtaizhi 1 滴灌Drip irrigation 0.72a 3.62a 6.28a 4.54a 0.62a 3.15a
漫灌Flooding irrigation 0.70a 3.47b 6.01b 4.41a 0.76a 3.07a
F（F0.05=7.71） 1.800 15.613 11.085 2.309 4.997 6.698
郑黑芝1号Zhengheizhi 1 滴灌Drip irrigation 0.70a 3.55a 6.03a 4.11a 0.94a 3.07a
漫灌Flooding irrigation 0.67a 3.43a 5.57b 4.09a 0.81a 2.91b
F（F0.05=7.71） 3.368 3.298 9.966 0.045 7.309 9.706

Table 5

Effects of irrigation regimes on LTRC of sesame %"

品种
Variety		 灌溉方式
Irrigation regime		 现蕾期
Squaring stage		 盛花10d
Full-bloom 10 days		 盛花25d
Full-bloom 25 days		 终花期
Final flowering		 平均
Mean
郑太芝1号Zhengtaizhi 1 滴灌Drip irrigation 37.42b 23.64a 11.62b 53.35a 31.51b
漫灌Flooding irrigation 48.41a 24.84a 14.86a 57.49a 36.40a
F（F0.05=5.12） 415.064 4.527 45.980 6.594 104.887
郑黑芝1号Zhengheizhi 1 滴灌Drip irrigation 40.71b 18.76b 14.22b 52.57b 31.57b
漫灌Flooding irrigation 48.86a 26.79a 21.69a 67.14a 41.12a
F（F0.05=5.12） 29.168 88.843 141.057 18.894 43.184

Table 6

Effects of irrigation regimes on Pn of sesame μmol/(m2·s)"

品种
Variety		 灌溉方式
Irrigation regime		 现蕾期
Squaring
stage		 盛花10d
Full-bloom
10 days		 盛花25d
Full-bloom
25 days		 终花期
Final
flowering		 成熟期
Maturation
stage		 平均
Mean
郑太芝1号Zhengtaizhi 1 滴灌Drip irrigation 26.74a 29.98a 27.40a 20.42a 13.38a 23.58a
漫灌Flooding irrigation 26.08a 28.22b 25.92b 19.86a 13.70a 22.76b
F（F0.05=7.71） 0.724 9.421 4.522 0.181 0.103 7.911
郑黑芝1号Zhengheizhi 1 滴灌Drip irrigation 26.34a 28.96a 25.72a 17.26a 13.36a 22.33a
漫灌Flooding irrigation 25.20a 28.78a 23.90b 15.86a 13.48a 21.44b
F（F0.05=7.71） 1.623 0.272 6.515 1.804 0.043 5.322

Table 7

Effects of irrigation regimes on SPAD value of sesame"

品种
Variety		 灌溉方式
Irrigation regime		 现蕾期
Squaring
stage		 盛花10d
Full-bloom
10 days		 盛花25d
Full-bloom
25 days		 终花期
Final
flowering		 成熟期
Maturation
stage		 平均
Mean
郑太芝1号Zhengtaizhi 1 滴灌Drip irrigation 38.10a 43.50a 47.50a 39.20a 35.17a 40.69a
漫灌Flooding irrigation 36.43a 41.60b 44.73b 39.80a 35.00a 39.51a
F（F0.05=7.71） 5.814 9.025 9.284 0.236 0.022 5.822
郑黑芝1号Zhengheizhi 1 滴灌Drip irrigation 37.50a 43.00a 46.60a 39.73a 34.77a 40.32a
漫灌Flooding irrigation 36.50a 40.53a 44.50b 38.27a 34.47a 38.85a
F（F0.05=7.71） 2.326 7.066 9.450 1.168 0.027 4.812

Table 8

Effects of irrigation regimes on chlorophyll density of sesame SPAD"

品种Variety 灌溉方式
Irrigation regime		 现蕾期
Squaring
stage		 盛花10d
Full-bloom
10 days		 盛花25d
Full-bloom
25 days		 终花期
Final
flowering		 成熟期
Maturation
stage		 平均
Mean
郑太芝1号Zhengtaizhi 1 滴灌Drip irrigation 27.31a 157.30a 298.16a 178.19a 26.90a 137.57a
漫灌Flooding irrigation 25.39a 144.36b 268.89b 175.27a 21.59a 127.10b
F（F0.05=7.71） 4.217 28.845 37.873 0.214 3.806 29.345
郑黑芝1号Zhengheizhi 1 滴灌Drip irrigation 26.26a 152.69a 280.85a 163.33a 32.68a 131.21a
漫灌Flooding irrigation 24.58a 139.03b 247.94b 156.53a 27.81b 119.18b
F（F0.05=7.71） 3.299 29.301 24.461 0.903 10.306 22.203
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