Crops ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (6): 116-122.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2020.06.016

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Contribution of Deep Ploughing and Furrow Sowing to Yield and Its Formation of Dryland Wheat

Wang Huiwen(), Li Lei, Yu Shaobo, Wang Qiang, Feng Yu, Ren Aixia, Lin Wen, Sun Min, Gao Zhiqiang()   

  1. College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
  • Received:2020-04-01 Revised:2020-10-26 Online:2020-12-15 Published:2020-12-09
  • Contact: Gao Zhiqiang E-mail:1617355635@qq.com;gaozhiqiang1964@126.com

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Abstract:

In order to clarify the mechanism of yield increase and efficiency increase of furrow sowing in dryland wheat field, a field experiment was carried out in Wenxi Wheat Base of Shanxi Agricultural University during 2015- 2016 to study the effect of tillage and sowing mode in fallow period on soil water consumption, yield and water use efficiency of dryland wheat field. The results showed that deep ploughing in fallow period of dryland wheat field was beneficial to accumulate rainfall, increasing soil moisture by 46.74mm, increasing yield by 10.77%-13.38% and increasing net income by 1.62%-5.56%. Compared with the drilling sowing, the soil water storage of 0-300cm in pre-wintering and jointing stage was significantly increased by using the trenching sowing, which are 11.24-22.35 and 17.11-25.56mm, respectively. Under deep ploughing condition, the water consumption and its proportion before sowing and jointing stage were significantly reduced, and the water consumption after jointing was increased, and the total water consumption in growth period was increased by 11.89-21.13mm. The tillering increase rate of pre-wintering to jointing stage and jointing stage to anthesis stage reduction rate were significantly reduced, and the ear length, spikelet number per spike, seed-setting spikelets and the number of spiking percentage were significantly increased. Yield and water use efficiency were significantly increased by 16.39%-19.12% and 12.67%-13.15%, thus significantly increased net income, yield to investment ratio 103.25%-111.12% and 30.27%-35.93%, respectively. In addition, the effect of water consumption and yield increase of furrow sowing in growth period was greater than that in fallow period. In a word, deep ploughing combined with furrow sowing in fallow period of dryland wheat field is beneficial to reduce water consumption at early growth stage, and the occurrence of ineffective tillers in early spring, to increase the spiking percentage, the number of seed-setting spikelets, and realize the increase of yield and efficiency simultaneously.

Key words: Dryland wheat, Deep ploughing in fallow period, Furrow sowing, Soil water use, Yield

Table 1

Rainfall and its distribution in experimental location mm"

年份
Year		 休闲期
Fallow period		 播种–越冬
Sowing-pre-wintering		 越冬–拔节
Pre-wintering-elongation		 拔节–开花
Elongation-anthesis		 开花–成熟
Anthesis-maturity		 总计
Total
1987-2016
（平均值Mean）		 275.0 68.5 44.0 45.5 68.6 501.6
2015-2016 94.7 101.2 11.0 57.1 122.8 386.8

Table 2

Soil water storage efficiency during fallow period after deep turnover"

耕作模式
Tillage method		 休闲期降雨量
Precipitation during fallow period (mm)		 休闲期土壤蓄水量Soil water storage during fallow period (mm) 休闲期土壤蓄水效率
Water storage efficiency
during fallow period (%)
初期（耕作前）
Initial stage (before tillage)		 末期（播种前）
Terminal stage (before sowing)
DP 94.70 396.73a 464.16a 71.20a
NT 394.36a 417.42b 24.35b

Fig.1

Soil water storage of 0-300cm in each growth period of upland wheat under different tillage and sowing methods"

Table 3

Water consumption and proportion of each growth stage of upland wheat under different tillage and sowing methods"

耕作模式
Tillage
method		 播种方式
Sowing
method		 播前–拔节Sowing to jointing 拔节–开花Jointing to anthesis 开花–成熟Anthesis to mature 总耗水量
Total water consumption (mm)
数量
Amount (mm)		 比例
Ratio (%)		 数量
Amount (mm)		 比例
Ratio (%)		 数量
Amount (mm)		 比例
Ratio (%)
DP FS 144.11b 33.97b 169.82a 40.03b 110.34a 26.01a 424.27a
DS 160.21a 38.85a 154.73b 37.52c 97.45b 23.63b 412.38b
NT FS 123.01c 31.88c 162.97a 42.23a 99.88b 25.88a 385.86c
DS 145.45b 39.88a 127.42c 34.94d 91.85c 25.18a 364.73d

Table 4

Tiller change rates of upland wheat at each growth stage under different tillage and sowing treatments %"

耕作模式
Tillage method		 播种方式
Sowing method		 越冬–拔节增加率
Increasing rate of pre-wintering-jointing		 拔节–开花减少率
Decreasing rate of jointing-anthesis		 成穗率
Spiking percentage
DP FS 2.05d 26.29d 41.60a
DS 2.32c 30.26b 34.79c
NT FS 2.65b 28.55c 38.52b
DS 3.21a 33.73a 33.40c

Table 5

Agronomic characteristics of single plant at maturity stage of upland wheat under different tillage and sowing treatments"

耕作模式
Tillage method		 播种方式
Sowing method		 穗长
Ear length (cm)		 小穗数
Spikelet number per spike		 可孕小穗数占比
Seed-setting spikelet ratio (%)		 不孕小穗数占比
Sterile spikelet ratio (%)
DP FS 9.44a 19.20a 97.73a 2.27b
DS 8.42b 18.40ab 89.21b 10.79a
NT FS 8.64b 18.60ab 94.51ab 5.49b
DS 7.94c 17.20b 86.96b 13.04a

Table 6

Yield and its components of upland wheat under different tillage and sowing treatments"

耕作模式
Tillage method		 播种方式
Sowing method		 穗数
Spike number (×104/hm2)		 穗粒数
Grain number per spike		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)		 产量
Yield (kg/hm2)
DP FS 397.71a 34.80a 43.40a 4 597.63a
DS 361.32c 31.28c 41.90b 3 950.24c
NT FS 377.85b 32.67b 42.93a 4 150.53b
DS 349.72d 30.12d 40.44c 3 484.22d

Table 7

The contribution of soil water accumulation and consumption to yield kg/(hm2·mm)"

耕作模式
Tillage method		 播种方式
Sowing method		 YWS YWT YWCS WUE
DP FS 9.79a 11.64a 54.47a 10.84a
DS 9.75a 9.78b - 9.58b
NT FS - - 31.53b 10.76a
DS - - - 9.55b

Table 8

Economic benefits of upland wheat under different tillage and sowing treatments 元/hm2 yuan/hm2"

耕作模式
Tillage
method		 播种方式Sowing
method		 总收入
Total
revenue		 总投入The total investment 净收入
Net
income		 产投比
Output-input
ratio
耕作
Tillage		 有机肥
Organic fertilizer		 播种
Sowing		 旋耕
Rotary tillage		 其他
Other
DP FS 10 758a 675 300 825 - 4 500 4 458a 1.71b
DS 9 244c 675 300 375 600 4 500 2 194b 1.31c
NT FS 9 712b - - 825 - 4 500 4 387a 1.82a
DS 8 153d - - 375 600 4 500 2 078b 1.34c
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