Crops ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (3): 19-27.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2021.03.003

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Genetic Diversity Analysis and Comprehensive Assessment of Agronomic Traits of 64 Tartary Buckwheat Germplasms

Jia Ruiling(), Zhao Xiaoqin, Nan Ming, Chen Fu, Liu Yanming, Wei Liping, Liu Junxiu, Ma Ning()   

  1. Dingxi Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Dingxi 743000, Gansu, China
  • Received:2020-12-11 Revised:2021-01-25 Online:2021-06-15 Published:2021-06-22
  • Contact: Ma Ning E-mail:jrl101309@163.com;dxmaning@163.com

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Abstract:

The Shannon-Wiener’s diversity index, principal component analysis, comprehensive score F-value, and cluster analysis were used to investigate the genetic diversity and comprehensive assessment of tartary buckwheat germplasm resources including 64 accessions through phenotypic analysis of agronomic traits in arid area. The main conclusions were as follows: the genetic diversity index of seed weight per plant was the highest (13.630), and the coefficient of variation of main stem diameter was the highest（30.6%）. The principal component analysis transformed 11 traits into six principal components that indicated the accumulation indices of 87.580%. The F-value was significantly correlated with growth period, plant height, number of main stem nodes, 1000-grain weight, and seed weight per plant, so it could be used as an evaluation index of tartary buckwheat germplasm resources. Seven accessions of buckwheat germplasm resources selected based on the comprehensive scores F-value and the results of cluster analysis could be used as excellent breeding parents with different target characters.

Key words: Tartary buckwheat, Germplasm resources, Genetic diversity, Arid area, Comprehensive assessment

Table 1

A total of 64 tartary buckwheat germplasms tested in this study"

编号Number 代号Code name 种质材料Germplasm 编号Number 代号Code name 种质材料Germplasm 编号Number 代号Code name 种质材料Germplasm
K1 ZNQ101 额拉 K23 ZNQ123 细苦荞 K45 ZNQ145 灵丘苦荞
K2 ZNQ102 额乌 K24 ZNQ124 白云苦荞 K46 ZNQ146 灵丘苦荞
K3 ZNQ103 大额楚 K25 ZNQ125 苦荞 K47 ZNQ147 柳林苦荞
K4 ZNQ104 82-8-1 K26 ZNQ126 苦荞 K48 ZNQ148 中阳苦荞
K5 ZNQ105 82-4-6 K27 ZNQ127 苦荞 K49 ZNQ149 五台苦荞
K6 ZNQ106 彭泽苦荞 K28 ZNQ128 苦荞 K50 ZNQ150 汾西苦荞
K7 ZNQ107 九江苦荞 K29 ZNQ129 苦荞 K51 GS09-01 黑绿荞
K8 ZNQ108 长尖咀苦荞 K30 ZNQ130 苦荞 K52 GS09-02 黑苦荞
K9 ZNQ109 黑苦荞 K31 ZNQ131 87-23(F6080) K53 GS09-03 华岭黑苦荞
K10 ZNQ110 苦荞 K32 ZNQ132 87-25(F6224) K54 GS09-04 环县黑苦荞
K11 ZNQ111 苦荞 K33 ZNQ133 87-26(F6245) K55 GS09-05 早熟黑苦荞
K12 ZNQ112 毕节黑苦荞 K34 ZNQ134 87-28(F6286) K56 GS09-06 黑苦荞
K13 ZNQ113 刺荞 K35 ZNQ135 87-29(F6378) K57 GS09-07 黑绿荞
K14 ZNQ114 贡山苦荞 K36 ZNQ136 88-23(IV-708) K58 GS09-08 黑圆荞
K15 ZNQ115 中甸苦荞 K37 ZNQ137 88-27(IV-63) K59 GS09-09 麻苦荞
K16 ZNQ116 营盘苦荞 K38 ZNQ138 88-28(IV-51) K60 GS09-12 尖嘴荞
K17 ZNQ117 马衔苦荞 K39 ZNQ139 88-29(IV-136) K61 GS09-13 绿荞
K18 ZNQ118 长咀苦荞 K40 ZNQ140 88-35(IV-121) K62 GS09-14 小龙爪
K19 ZNQ119 米苦荞 K41 ZNQ141 87-16(F3035) K63 GS09-15 麻荞
K20 ZNQ120 田粒荞 K42 ZNQ142 岭东苦荞 K64 GS09-16 大麻荞
K21 ZNQ121 大苦荞 K43 ZNQ143 灵丘苦荞
K22 ZNQ122 扁籽荞 K44 ZNQ144 灵丘苦荞

Fig.1

Dynamic of monthly mean precipitation and temperature in experiment areas"

Table 2

Genetic diversity of tartary buckwheat quality traits"

性状
Trait		 遗传多样性指数
Genetic diversity index		 频率分布Frequency distribution
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
粒色Grain color 2.062 0.347 0.078 0.322 0.322 0.333 0.293 0.367
粒形Kernel shape 1.071 0.364 0.367 0.340 – – – –
株型Plant type 0.990 0.363 0.336 0.290 – – – –
熟性Maturity 1.026 0.332 0.352 0.342 – – – –
抗倒性Lodging resistance 1.086 0.367 0.352 0.367 – – – –
平均值Mean 1.247 – – – – – – –

Table 3

Genetic diversity of tartary buckwheat quantitative traits"

项目
Item		 生育期
Period of
duration (d)		 株高
Plant
height (cm)		 主茎粗
Diameter of
main stem (cm)		 主茎节数
Node number of main stem		 主茎分枝数
Branch number of main stem		 千粒重
1000-grain
weight (g)		 单株粒重
Seed weight
per plant (g)		 单株粒数
Seeds number
per plant
最大值Maximum 129.0 180.9 1.05 27.9 8.4 24.8 9.5 468.0
最小值Minimum 96.0 90.8 0.30 9.6 4.0 13.1 2.6 120.9
平均值Mean 116.9 133.8 0.58 20.2 6.4 20.4 4.7 235.1
标准偏差SD 11.06 18.22 0.18 5.57 1.11 2.51 1.18 60.53
极差Range 33.0 90.1 0.8 18.3 4.4 11.7 6.9 347.1
显著性Sig. * * ** ** * * ** **
变异系数CV (%) 9.5 13.6 30.6 27.6 17.2 12.3 24.9 25.7
遗传多样性指数
Genetic diversity index		 2.807 4.072 3.685 3.739 3.424 3.155 13.630 4.094

Table 4

Correlative coefficient in mainly phenotypic traits of tartary buckwheat"

性状
Trait		 生育期
Period of
duration		 株高
Plant
height		 主茎粗
Diameter of main stem		 主茎节数
Node number
of main stem		 主茎分枝数
Branch number
of main stem		 千粒重
1000-grain
weight		 单株粒重
Seeds weight
per plant		 单株粒数
Seeds number per plant		 粒形
Kernel shape		 株型
Plant
type
株高Plant height 0.880**
主茎粗
Diameter of main stem		 -0.168 0.0180
主茎节数
Node number of main stem		 0.546** 0.536** -0.051
主茎分枝数
Branch number of main stem		 0.024 0.190 0.012 0.109
千粒重
1000-grain weight		 0.760** 0.416** -0.140 0.682** -0.061
单株粒重
Seed weight per plant		 0.206 0.051 0.040 0.193 0.130 0.232*
单株粒数
Seeds number per plant		 -0.205 -0.153 0.117 -0.175 0.187 -0.310** 0.842**
粒形Kernel shape 0.052 0.070 0.078 0.043 -0.019 0.025 -0.049 -0.025
株型Plant type 0.059 0.167 -0.169 -0.066 -0.031 -0.016 -0.186 -0.173 -0.338**
抗倒性
Lodging resistance		 0.133 -0.294** -0.095 0.037 -0.073 0.190 0.110 0.023 0.048 -0.147

Table 5

Principal component analysis in 11 agronomic traits of 64 tartary buckwheat germplasms"

性状Trait 主成分因子Principal component factors
1 2 3 4 5 6
生育期Period of duration 0.947 0.039 -0.079 -0.083 -0.008 -0.031
株高Plant height 0. 911 -0.047 0.525 0.248 -0.059 -0.024
主茎粗Diameter of main stem -0.115 0.188 0.299 0.582 -0.503 0.485
主茎节数Node number of stem 0. 678 0.091 0.001 0.044 0.018 0.032
主茎分枝数Branch number of stem 0.078 0.288 0.431 0.047 0.758 0.365
千粒重1000-grain weight 0.860 0.004 -0.225 -0.088 -0.105 0.025
单株粒重Seed weight per plant 0.179 0.916 0.048 -0.249 -0.156 -0.142
单株粒数Seeds number per plant -0.281 0.900 0.167 -0.173 -0.066 -0.145
粒形Kernel shape 0.064 0.099 -0.317 0.705 0.234 -0.381
株型Plant type 0.047 -0.434 0.434 -0.551 -0.102 -0.030
抗倒性Lodging resistance 0.067 0.173 -0.732 -0.209 0.045 0.496
特征值Numerical value 3.066 2.006 1.461 1.356 0.939 0.805
贡献率Contribution rate (%) 27.874 18.240 13.286 12.325 8.535 7.320
累计贡献率Total account (%) 27.874 46.114 59.400 71.725 80.260 87.580

Fig.2

3-D conformation of tartary buckwheat according to six principal component factors"

Table 6

Comprehensive scores of 20 tartary buckwheat germplasm resources"

编号
Number		 代号
Code name		 主成分Principal component factor F值
F-value
1 2 3 4 5 6
K25 ZNQ125 2.21 1.63 0.016 -0.029 -1.816 -1.816 0.7131
K33 ZNQ133 2.13 1.81 0.018 -0.077 -1.923 -1.923 0.6994
K2 ZNQ102 2.27 1.81 0.018 -0.011 -2.264 -2.264 0.6911
K10 ZNQ110 2.13 1.42 0.014 0.021 -1.661 -1.661 0.6776
K35 ZNQ135 2.07 1.95 0.019 -0.112 -2.071 -2.071 0.6757
K34 ZNQ134 1.95 2.46 0.025 -0.204 -2.419 -2.419 0.6711
K37 ZNQ137 2.23 1.13 0.011 0.023 -1.563 -1.563 0.6684
K48 ZNQ148 2.02 2.26 0.023 -0.113 -2.395 -2.395 0.6663
K13 ZNQ113 2.25 1.30 0.013 0.061 -1.831 -1.831 0.6641
K24 ZNQ124 2.04 1.71 0.017 -0.076 -1.841 -1.841 0.6624
K19 ZNQ119 2.04 2.17 0.022 -0.126 -2.356 -2.356 0.6600
K21 ZNQ121 1.98 2.06 0.021 -0.146 -2.114 -2.114 0.6598
K32 ZNQ132 1.99 1.95 0.020 -0.112 -2.075 -2.075 0.6527
K4 ZNQ104 2.12 1.44 0.014 0.021 -1.848 -1.848 0.6471
K43 ZNQ143 1.91 1.86 0.019 -0.089 -1.883 -1.883 0.6459
K3 ZNQ103 2.06 2.14 0.021 -0.155 -2.408 -2.408 0.6458
K30 ZNQ130 1.92 1.88 0.019 -0.152 -1.866 -1.866 0.6456
K11 ZNQ111 1.82 2.72 0.027 -0.250 -2.581 -2.581 0.6453
K29 ZNQ129 1.87 2.12 0.021 -0.157 -2.064 -2.064 0.6436
K44 ZNQ144 1.94 1.49 0.015 -0.076 -1.563 -1.563 0.6356

Table 7

Correlation between phenotypic traits and comprehensive scores (F-value)"

性状Trait F值F-value
生育期Period of duration 0.833**
株高Plant height 0.698**
主茎节数Node number of main stem 0.823**
主茎分枝数Branch number of main stem 0.208*
千粒重1000-grain weight 0.670**
单株粒数Seeds number per plant -0.499**

Fig.3

Dendrogram of 64 tartary buckwheat germplasms"

Table 8

Analysis of morphological traits of tartary buckwheat germplasm resources in different clusters"

性状Trait 种质群Germplasm group
Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅴ
粒色Grain color 黑 黑,灰黑,
深褐,浅褐		 浅灰,灰 灰色,浅灰,
深灰,黑		 深灰、黑、
灰黑,浅灰
粒型Kernel shape 长锥,短锥 长锥,心形,短锥 长锥,短锥 长锥,心形,短锥 长锥,心形,短锥
株型Plant type 松散,紧凑,半紧凑 松散,紧凑,半紧凑 松散 松散,紧凑 松散,紧凑,半紧凑
抗倒性Lodging resistance 中抗,抗倒,倒伏 中抗,倒伏 倒伏 抗倒,中抗 中抗,抗倒,倒伏
生育期
Period of
duration (d)
 平均值Mean 97.00 99.44 122.00 123.09 122.40
标准偏差SD 0.89 3.50 5.00 3.62 4.67
变异系数CV (%) 0.92 3.52 4.10 2.94 3.81
株高
Plant height
(cm)
 平均值Mean 98.77 127.56 172.00 120.35 142.43
标准偏差SD 6.48 10.45 8.12 4.40 9.12
变异系数CV (%) 6.56 8.19 4.72 3.66 6.40
主茎粗
Diameter of main stem
(cm)
 平均值Mean 0.55 0.93 1.14 0.44 0.67
标准偏差SD 0.28 0.18 0.23 0.24 0.23
变异系数CV (%) 50.00 19.02 19.76 53.48 34.30
主茎节数
Node number
of main stem
 平均值Mean 10.33 12.33 20.07 22.53 23.17
标准偏差SD 0.77 1.59 3.64 3.23 2.92
变异系数CV (%) 7.41 12.92 18.11 14.35 12.59
主茎分枝数
Branch number
of main stem
 平均值Mean 5.50 6.94 6.90 6.47 6.38
标准偏差SD 1.07 1.05 0.80 0.84 1.16
变异系数CV (%) 19.48 15.16 11.59 12.96 18.19
千粒重
1000-grain
weight (g)
 平均值Mean 17.25 16.66 20.93 21.40 21.47
标准偏差SD 0.91 3.35 0.90 0.83 1.29
变异系数CV (%) 5.26 20.10 4.31 3.89 5.99
单株粒重
Seed weight
per plant (g)
 平均值Mean 3.77 4.69 4.17 4.98 4.89
标准偏差SD 0.61 2.03 0.81 1.22 0.93
变异系数CV (%) 16.15 43.22 19.40 24.48 18.90
单株粒数
Seeds number
per plant
 平均值Mean 219.41 285.39 199.80 233.63 228.41
标准偏差SD 37.93 105.72 43.98 61.19 43.17
变异系数CV (%) 17.29 37.04 22.01 26.19 18.90
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