不同生态区谷子品种农艺性状和品质分析

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2022.02.007

Abstract

Abstract:

Sixteen foxtail millet varieties from Shanxi, Jilin, Hebei and Henan provinces were selected to study the differences of agronomic traits, yields, grain appearance quality, food taste quality and nutritional quality in the same region. The results showed that there were significant differences in agronomic characteristics and theoretical yields among different varieties. The variations of plant height were 108.68 (Heigu 8) - 160.42cm (Jingu 40), while the variations of theoretical yields were 2625 (Changsheng 16) - 4215kg/ha (Jingu 40). The CCI value of millet color ranged from 2.37 to 4.48, and the CCI value of Jingu 40 was the largest among the tested varieties. The variation coefficient of crude fat ranged from 3.29% to 6.45%. Changsheng 8 and Shengu 13 had higher glue consistency and good cooking performance. The contents of sweet and umami amino acids in Yugu 35, Changsheng 16 and Shengu 5 were higher than other varieties. The correlation analysis of taste characteristics of amino acids showed that the content of alanine was positive correlated with the difference between the sum of umami and sweet amino acids and bitter amino acids, and the umami taste. According to the principal component analysis of all quality indexes, Changsheng 8, Changnong 52, Changsheng 16, Yugu 35 and Jingu 40 showed the best yield performance among the sixteen varieties.

Key words: Foxtail millet, Agronomic traits, Grain quality, Correlation analysis, Principal component analysis

Zhao Lirong, Ma Ke, Zhang Liguang, Tang Sha, Yuan Xiangyang, Diao Xianmin. Analysis of Agronomic Traits and Quality of Foxtail Millet Varieties in Different Ecological Regions[J].Crops, 2022, 38(2): 44-53.

Figures/Tables 12

Table 1

Table 2

Variance analysis of yield and agronomic traits of different foxtail millet varieties"

品种 Variety	穗长 Panicle length (cm)	穗粗 Panicle diameter (mm)	穗重 Panicle weight (g)	穗码数 The number of spikelet	穗粒重 Grain weight per panicle (g)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	株高 Plant height (cm)	理论产量 Theory yield (kg/hm²)
神谷5号Shengu 5	21.44±2.09cde	31.56±2.13a	27.86±5.3cd	74±17e	21.75±5.24def	2.82±0.08ef	122.46±4.02g	3555
神谷10号Shengu 10	25.34±4.29b	23.69±1.53h	20.41±4.94ef	80±10bcde	17.84±4.57fgh	3.06±0.25cde	124.51±4.85g	2865
神谷13号Shengu 13	22.42±2.70cd	26.30±2.52efg	19.15±2.63fg	86±7abcd	15.87±2.21h	3.16±0.17bcd	124.19±3.41g	3300
长农40号Changnong 40	25.13±1.67b	27.17±3.71cdef	34.35±9.29ab	87±9abc	27.25±6.94abc	3.46±0.36a	131.49±1.17f	2670
长农52号Changnong 52	22.71±1.59cd	24.96±1.51gh	25.71±4.53cd	102±13h	22.01±3.74de	3.30±0.21abc	145.89±1.98c	2985
晋谷40号Jingu 40	20.87±1.19de	28.03±2.64cde	33.46±5.68ab	89±7abc	28.19±4.86ab	3.20±0.15bc	160.42±2.46a	4215
晋谷47号Jingu 47	22.30±2.55cd	26.79±1.40defg	34.95±4.44a	91±12ab	29.54±3.61a	2.90±0.19def	153.49±3.24b	2910
晋谷59号Jingu 59	21.93±2.73cd	28.56±2.20cd	34.18±6.08ab	94±17a	28.61±5.65ab	3.46±0.45a	158.01±4.25a	3405
长生8号Changsheng 8	22.44±2.31cd	31.12±2.12ab	33.33±5.16ab	93±8a	28.83±4.94a	2.70±0.15f	157.80±3.07a	2655
长生13号Changsheng 13	23.42±2.05bc	27.08±1.44cdefg	27.43±6.23cd	107±16gh	23.44±6.00cde	3.35±0.39ab	136.32±2.45e	3315
长生16号Changsheng 16	22.79±1.45cd	29.00±2.43bc	30.14±5.41bc	116±7g	24.67±4.38bcd	3.15±0.15bcd	123.28±3.90g	2625
豫谷35号Yugu 35	19.81±1.67e	27.21±1.97cdef	24.88±4.37de	88±8abc	20.26±4.60efg	3.24±0.05abc	138.80±1.60e	2775
绿优谷Lüyougu	17.46±1.31f	19.52±2.81j	15.57±2.14gh	81±16bcde	13.79±2.15h	2.86±0.05ef	142.41±3.48d	3255
黑谷8号Heigu 8	30.52±1.83a	21.39±2.15ij	20.54±3.51ef	132±13f	16.68±2.63gh	3.27±0.54abc	108.68±2.32h	3120
农大8号Nongda 8	22.26±1.48cd	23.44±2.25hi	18.09±3.00fgh	76±13de	15.56±3.01h	2.85±0.51ef	142.92±3.38cd	3105
锦谷5号Jingu 5	17.77±1.63f	25.21±2.45fgh	13.96±2.66h	78±10cde	13.93±3.09h	2.70±0.09f	137.38±3.18e	3000
平均值Average	22.41	26.31	25.88	92.26	21.77	3.09	138.00	3105
变异系数 Coefficient of variation (%)	16.06	14.48	32.61	20.46	31.79	11.97	10.79	–
最小值Minimum value	17.46	19.52	13.96	74	13.79	2.70	108.68	2625
最大值Maximum value	30.52	31.56	34.95	132	29.54	3.46	160.42	4215

Table 2

Fig.1

Table 3

Analysis of variance of chemical components of different foxtail millet varieties"

品种 Variety	水分 Moisture (%)	粗脂肪 Crude fat (%)	粗蛋白 Crude protein (%)	直链淀粉 Amylose (%)	胶稠度 Gel consistency
神谷5号Shengu 5	12.05±0.19bcde	3.66±0.08i	11.49±0.22c	12.94±0.30cd	123.36±1.62cd
神谷10号Shengu 10	11.40±0.20fgh	3.42±0.08jk	10.12±0.19h	13.97±0.17a	121.85±1.01cd
神谷13号Shengu 13	12.24±0.28bcd	6.34±0.10a	10.68±0.08f	12.51±0.71cde	137.35±0.78ab
长农40号Changnong 40	11.23±0.03gh	3.74±0.02h	11.47±0.08c	13.60±0.19ab	115.92±0.98def
长农52号Changnong 52	10.28±0.12i	5.81±0.10b	12.58±0.23a	13.87±0.54a	108.03±4.11ef
晋谷40号Jingu 40	11.62±0.10defg	4.37±0.13e	11.18±0.02cde	12.45±0.15cde	122.99±3.69cd
晋谷47号Jingu 47	11.61±0.08defg	4.51±0.15c	11.47±0.19c	11.46±0.36f	115.61±1.77def
晋谷59号Jingu 59	11.88±0.19cdef	4.25±0.11g	11.16±0.25cde	12.75±0.52cd	115.59±1.42def
长生8号Changsheng 8	11.89±0.26cdef	5.81±0.07c	10.53±0.26fg	13.74±0.35a	136.69±5.11ab
长生13号Changsheng 13	11.02±0.10gh	3.88±0.07h	10.32±0.03gh	14.14±0.17a	117.96±2.67de
长生16号Changsheng 16	12.42±0.21abc	3.36±0.08l	12.47±0.28a	11.59±0.18f	114.27±4.71def
豫谷35号Yugu 35	11.59±0.26efg	3.41±0.08k	12.42±0.39ab	12.34±0.12de	106.83±6.66f
绿优谷Lüyougu	10.81±0.14hi	3.58±0.17j	12.11±0.30b	13.83±0.15a	107.01±2.85f
黑谷8号Heigu 8	13.06±0.97a	4.28±0.11f	10.87±0.27ef	11.92±0.79ef	141.36±10.49a
农大8号Nongda 8	10.93±0.06h	4.24±0.12h	11.33±0.11cd	12.98±0.10bc	111.51±4.12ef
锦谷5号Jingu 5	12.65±1.03ab	4.43±0.21d	11.11±0.10de	11.32±0.26f	129.02±18.38bc
平均值Average	11.67	4.32	11.33	12.84	120.33
变异系数Coefficient of variation (%)	6.68	20.83	6.71	7.63	9.84
最小值Minimum value	10.28	3.36	10.12	11.32	106.83
最大值Maximum value	13.06	6.34	12.58	14.14	141.36

Table 3

Table 4

Amino acid composition analysis of different foxtail millet varieties %"

品种 Variety	丙氨酸 Ala		甘氨酸 Gly		丝氨酸 Ser		天冬氨酸 Asp		谷氨酸 Glu		精氨酸 Arg		赖氨酸 Lys
神谷5号Shengu 5	1.15±0.01cd		0.51±0.01bc		0.63±0.01b		0.83±0.01b		3.32±0.15a		0.64±0.02ab		0.26±0.01b
神谷10号Shengu 10	1.11±0.01f		0.49±0.01cd		0.59±0.01c		0.80±0.01bc		2.99±0.17bc		0.59±0.02cd		0.24±0.01c
神谷13号Shengu 13	1.56±0.02ab		0.25±0.01h		0.49±0.02e		0.58±0.01f		1.88±0.10f		0.33±0.02f		0.22±0.01de
长农40号Changnong 40	1.13±0.01def		0.48±0.01de		0.58±0.00cd		0.80±0.01bc		2.98±0.05bc		0.61±0.01bc		0.24±0.00c
长农52号Changnong 52	1.53±0.01b		0.30±0.01g		0.47±0.02e		0.65±0.01e		2.34±0.07e		0.38±0.02e		0.23±0.01cd
晋谷40号Jingu 40	1.10±0.01f		0.47±0.01de		0.59±0.00c		0.78±0.01cd		2.84±0.07cd		0.57±0.00d		0.24±0.00c
晋谷47号Jingu 47	1.12±0.01ef		0.48±0.02de		0.61±0.01bc		0.79±0.02bc		2.86±0.23cd		0.56±0.02d		0.25±0.01b
晋谷59号Jingu 59	1.12±0.01ef		0.44±0.03f		0.55±0.03d		0.79±0.02c		2.87±0.20cd		0.58±0.01cd		0.24±0.01c
长生8号Changsheng 8	1.57±0.02a		0.25±0.02h		0.48±0.02e		0.58±0.01f		1.79±0.09f		0.35±0.02ef		0.22±0.00e
长生13号Changsheng 13	1.11±0.01f		0.46±0.01def		0.55±0.01d		0.77±0.01cd		2.77±0.07cd		0.57±0.00d		0.23±0.00cde
长生16号Changsheng 16	1.16±0.01c		0.53±0.01ab		0.67±0.02a		0.86±0.02a		3.42±0.16a		0.63±0.01ab		0.29±0.01a
豫谷35号Yugu 35	1.16±0.02c		0.55±0.01a		0.66±0.00a		0.87±0.02a		3.50±0.08a		0.65±0.01a		0.28±0.01a
绿优谷Lüyougu	1.14±0.02cde		0.49±0.02cd		0.58±0.01cd		0.83±0.02b		3.20±0.26ab		0.64±0.03ab		0.25±0.01b
黑谷8号Heigu 8	1.11±0.01f		0.45±0.02ef		0.60±0.03bc		0.76±0.02d		2.76±0.17cd		0.58±0.01cd		0.24±0.01c
农大8号Nongda 8	1.11±0.02f		0.47±0.01def		0.58±0.01cd		0.79±0.01cd		2.78±0.17cd		0.58±0.01cd		0.24±0.01c
锦谷5号Jingu 5	1.11±0.01f		0.45±0.03ef		0.60±0.01bc		0.77±0.03cd		2.66±0.07de		0.56±0.01d		0.25±0.01b
平均值Average	1.21±0.17		0.44±0.09		0.58±0.06		0.77±0.09		2.81±0.49		0.55±0.10		0.25±0.02
变异系数Coefficient of variation (%)	14.05		20.45		10.34		11.69		17.44		18.18		8.00
最小值Minimum value	1.10		0.25		0.47		0.58		1.79		0.33		0.22
最大值Maximum value	1.57		0.55		0.67		0.87		3.50		0.64		0.29
神谷5号Shengu 5		0.40±0.04bc		0.10±0.02de		1.19±0.03bcd		0.53±0.02ef		1.54±0.01cde		0.51±0.01de
神谷10号Shengu 10		0.36±0.03cd		0.12±0.01cd		1.09±0.02efg		0.53±0.00ef		1.50±0.02def		0.48±0.01fg
神谷13号Shengu 13		0.24±0.02f		0.03±0.01f		1.27±0.03ab		0.62±0.02bc		1.95±0.01a		0.68±0.01a
长农40号Changnong 40		0.43±0.02ab		0.15±0.01abcd		1.08±0.01efg		0.58±0.01cd		1.53±0.01de		0.51±0.01de
长农52号Changnong 52		0.45±0.01ab		0.16±0.01abc		1.01±0.01g		0.73±0.02a		1.86±0.00b		0.68±0.01a
晋谷40号Jingu 40		0.36±0.02cd		0.12±0.01cd		1.15±0.03def		0.55±0.01de		1.50±0.01ef		0.47±0.01fg
晋谷47号Jingu 47		0.36±0.05cd		0.13±0.02cd		1.17±0.03cde		0.53±0.02ef		1.50±0.01ef		0.48±0.01fg
晋谷59号Jingu 59		0.43±0.03ab		0.18±0.02ab		1.06±0.03g		0.59±0.03cd		1.45±0.04f		0.48±0.03efg
长生8号Changsheng 8		0.26±0.03ef		0.04±0.03f		1.23±0.05abcd		0.64±0.03b		1.96±0.03a		0.70±0.01a
长生13号Changsheng 13		0.39±0.01bc		0.16±0.01abc		1.02±0.01g		0.58±0.01cd		1.47±0.03f		0.46±0.01g
长生16号Changsheng 16		0.41±0.03bc		0.12±0.02cd		1.24±0.03abc		0.51±0.02f		1.58±0.02c		0.54±0.01b
豫谷35号Yugu 35		0.44±0.03ab		0.14±0.03bcd		1.17±0.04cde		0.53±0.02ef		1.55±0.02cd		0.54±0.00bc
绿优谷Lüyougu		0.48±0.05a		0.19±0.02a		1.03±0.02g		0.62±0.02bc		1.5±0.02def		0.51±0.03cd
黑谷8号Heigu 8		0.29±0.02ef		0.05±0.02ef		1.30±0.08a		0.53±0.04ef		1.59±0.05c		0.51±0.01de
农大8号Nongda 8		0.41±0.02bc		0.16±0.02abc		1.07±0.02fg		0.58±0.00cd		1.49±0.02ef		0.48±0.01fg
锦谷5号Jingu 5		0.32±0.05de		0.10±0.05d		1.25±0.09abc		0.54±0.01ef		1.54±0.04cde		0.49±0.01def
平均值Average		0.38±0.07		0.12±0.05		1.15±0.10		0.57±0.06		1.59±0.16		0.53±0.08
变异系数Coefficient of variation (%)		18.42		41.67		8.70		10.53		10.06		15.09
最小值Minimum value		0.24		0.03		1.01		0.51		1.45		0.46
最大值Maximum value		0.48		0.19		1.30		0.73		1.96		0.70

Table 4

Fig.2

Fig.3

Table 5

Table 6

Fig.4

Fig.5

Table 7

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编号Number	品种Variety	来源Origin
V1	神谷5号	吉林省神龙种业有限公司
V2	神谷10号	吉林省神龙种业有限公司
V3	神谷13号	吉林省神龙种业有限公司
V4	长农40号	山西农业大学谷子研究所
V5	长农52号	山西农业大学谷子研究所
V6	晋谷40号	山西农业大学高粱研究所
V7	晋谷47号	山西省恒穗航天育种研究中心
V8	晋谷59号	山西农业大学作物科学研究所
V9	长生8号	山西农业大学谷子研究所
V10	长生13号	山西农业大学谷子研究所
V11	长生16号	山西农业大学谷子研究所
V12	豫谷35号	河南省安阳市农业科学院
V13	绿优谷	吉林省农业科学院
V14	黑谷8号	河北省保定市农资科技市场
V15	农大8号	山西农业大学农学院
V16	锦谷5号	辽宁省农业科学院

主成分 Principal component	特征值 Eigenvalue	方差贡献率 Variance contribution rate (%)	累计方差贡献率 Cumulative variance contribution rate (%)
PC1	3.32	30.22	30.22
PC2	2.79	25.38	55.60
PC3	2.30	20.95	76.55

编号 Number	指标 Index	PC1		PC2		PC3
编号 Number	指标 Index	特征向量 Character vector	载荷量 Load quantity	特征向量 Character vector	载荷量 Load quantity	特征向量 Character vector	载荷量 Load quantity
X₁	ZL^*	0.462	0.964	0.146	0.015	-0.183	0.006
X₂	Za^*	0.483	0.981	0.167	0.064	-0.152	0.054
X₃	Zb^*	0.493	0.987	0.133	0.005	-0.163	0.055
X₄	Z水分	-0.306	-0.165	0.176	0.143	0.082	-0.085
X₅	Z粗脂肪	0.046	0.077	0.493	0.907	0.243	0.232
X₆	Z粗蛋白	0.165	-0.064	-0.375	-0.499	0.427	0.803
X₇	Z胶稠度	-0.293	-0.179	0.461	0.704	0.004	-0.284
X₈	Z直链淀粉	0.168	0.026	0.021	0.193	-0.138	-0.134
X₉	Z甜味氨基酸	0.235	0.216	-0.007	0.049	0.515	0.883
X₁₀	Z鲜味氨基酸	-0.003	-0.070	-0.547	-0.975	-0.098	0.016
X₁₁	Z苦味氨基酸	0.138	-0.070	0.083	0.332	0.612	0.918

品种 Variety	F₁	F₂	F₃	F_综	排名 Ranking
长生8号Changsheng 8	0.79	0.06	-0.50	5.52	1
长农52号Changnong 52	-0.28	-2.13	-0.14	4.97	2
神谷13号Shengu 13	-0.44	1.58	3.41	4.55	3
长生16号Changsheng 16	1.11	-0.86	-0.61	1.11	4
豫谷35号Yugu 35	2.37	2.39	0.21	0.81	5
神谷5号Shengu 5	-0.09	-1.06	0.19	0.35	6
长农40号Changnong 40	0.28	-0.59	-0.19	-0.36	7
锦谷5号Jingu 5	-0.14	-1.24	-0.15	-0.49	8
晋谷47号Jingu 47	1.00	0.96	3.56	-0.50	9
晋谷40号Jingu 40	0.95	-2.83	0.30	-0.96	10
农大8号Nongda 8	0.95	1.77	-1.61	-1.15	11
晋谷59号Jingu 59	1.42	1.60	-2.21	-1.53	12
长生13号Changsheng 13	-1.81	1.10	-2.82	-1.58	13
神谷10号Shengu 10	-5.74	0.88	0.19	-2.55	14
绿优谷Lüyougu	0.45	-1.02	-0.58	-3.53	15
黑谷8号Heigu 8	-0.84	-0.61	0.96	-4.67	16

Analysis of Agronomic Traits and Quality of Foxtail Millet Varieties in Different Ecological Regions

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