Crops ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (4): 154-159.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2022.04.021

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Effects of Basal Zinc Fertilizer on Activities of Disease Resistance-Related Enzymes, Soil Borne Diseases and Yield of Potato under Long-Term Continuous Cropping

Xie Kuizhong1(), Sun Xiaohua1, Luo Aihua1, Liu Yongqiang1, Tang Dejing2, Zhu Yongyong3, Hu Xinyuan1()   

  1. 1Potato Research Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
    2College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
    3Gansu Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Lanzhou 730020, Gansu, China
  • Received:2022-03-29 Revised:2022-05-22 Online:2022-08-15 Published:2022-08-22
  • Contact: Hu Xinyuan E-mail:xiekz79@163.com;844374905@qq.com

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Abstract:

In order to study the effects of trace element zinc on the disease resistance and soil borne diseases of long-term continuous cropping potato, a field experiment with five treatments of 0 (CK), 15, 30, 45 and 60kg/ha ZnSO4·7H2O were set in the potato field of five consecutive years from 2020 to 2021. The activities of disease resistance-related enzymes in potato roots of each treatment were measured, soil borne diseases were investigated, and the yield was measured and analyzed. The results showed that the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase in roots increased significantly of long-term continuous cropping potato after base fertilizer was added with zinc fertilizer. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in roots decreased first and then increased with the increase of zinc in base fertilizer. When 30kg/ha ZnSO4·7H2O was added into the base fertilizer, the incidence rate and disease index of Fusarium Wilt and Rhizoctonia solani were the lowest, with the lowest rate of diseased potato, the highest rate of commercial potato, and the maximum economic yield of potato after harvest. To summarise, adding 30kg/ha ZnSO4·7H2O can effectively improve the activities of disease resistance-related enzymes of long-term continuous cropping potato roots, decrease MDA content, incidence rates and disease indexes of Fusarium Wilt and Rhizoctonia solani, disease rate of potato after harvest, and increase rate of commercial potato, so as to increase economic yield of potato.

Key words: Potato, Long-term continuous cropping, Zinc fertilizer, Soil borne diseases, Disease resistance- related enzymes, Economic yield

Table 1

Classification criteria for potato Fusarium Wilt and Rhizoctonia solani"

病害
Disease		 级别
Grade		 标准
Standard
枯萎病
Fusarium Wilt		 0 叶片没有明显枯黄萎蔫,植株生长正常
1 1%~25%的叶片枯黄萎蔫
2 26%~50%的叶片枯黄萎蔫
3 51％~75%的叶片枯黄萎蔫
4 75%以上的叶片萎蔫或整株枯死
黑痣病
Rhizoctonia solani		 0 薯块表面没有菌核
1 菌核面积占整个薯块面积的1%~5%
2 菌核面积占整个薯块面积的6%~35%
3 菌核面积占整个薯块面积的36%~65%
4 菌核面积占整个薯块面积的66%~95%
5 菌核面积占整个薯块面积的96%以上

Fig.1

Effects of zinc fertilizer base application rate on POD activity of potato roots Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference at the 5% level, the same below"

Fig.2

Effects of zinc fertilizer base application rate on SOD activity of potato roots"

Fig.3

Effects of zinc fertilizer base application rate on CAT activity of potato roots"

Fig.4

Effects of zinc fertilizer base application rate on MDA content of potato roots"

Table 2

Effects of zinc fertilizer application rate on soil borne diseases of long-term continuous cropping potato"

年份
Year		 锌肥施用量
Zinc fertilizer application amount (kg/hm2)		 枯萎病Fusarium Wilt 黑痣病Rhizoctonia solani
发病率Incidence (%) 病情指数Disease index 发病率Incidence (%) 病情指数Disease index
2020 0 (CK) 12.67±1.20a 7.83±0.76a 9.14±2.20a 9.97±2.25a
15 6.67±1.20b 3.83±0.58b 2.90±1.40c 2.36±1.20c
30 4.00±2.00c 2.00±1.00c 1.24±0.82cd 2.06±1.00c
45 5.33±1.20bc 3.00±0.87bc 3.68±1.20bc 0.46±0.28c
60 6.00±1.00bc 3.33±0.29b 4.57±1.42b 4.84±1.20b
2021 0 (CK) 29.33±2.31a 10.33±0.58a 16.00±2.00a 5.07±1.29a
15 20.00±4.00b 6.67±1.53b 11.33±1.15 b 2.93±0.46b
30 12.00±1.20c 3.67±0.58bc 12.00±0.00 b 3.07±0.46b
45 16.00±4.00bc 5.33±1.53bc 12.00±0.00 b 3.07±0.23b
60 17.33±2.31bc 5.00±1.00c 13.33±3.06ab 4.27±1.15ab

"

年份
Year		 锌肥施用量
Zinc fertilizer application
amount (kg/hm2)		 病薯率
The ratio of diseased tuber (%)		 商品薯率
The ratio of marketable tuber (%)		 经济产量
Economic yield
(kg/hm2)
个数Number 重量Weight 个数Number 重量Weight
2020 0 (CK) 9.41±1.46a 9.97±1.84a 61.47±1.62b 83.44±2.41b 42 333.55±284.80c
15 2.90±0.25c 2.36±0.38c 65.15±1.41ab 87.13±1.78ab 46 989.12±509.18b
30 1.24±0.28d 2.06±1.65c 67.31±1.01a 89.38±2.04a 51 178.03±2464.05a
45 3.68±0.68bc 0.46±0.07c 66.54±1.11a 86.63±1.96ab 51 133.59±818.54a
60 4.57±1.01b 4.84±1.20b 63.49±1.74ab 85.54±1.62b 50 555.81±3509.11ab
2021 0 (CK) 10.57±1.41a 8.46±2.20a 89.43±1.41d 59.37±4.04b 28 031.89±180.28c
15 4.24±2.10cd 2.68±1.04bc 95.76±2.10ab 67.22±3.62ab 29 174.75±928.68b
30 2.87±0.56d 0.80±0.29c 97.13±0.56a 67.29±1.07ab 30 206.50±54.99a
45 6.00±0.85bc 3.11±0.38bc 94.00±0.85bc 69.72±4.66a 29 857.29±0.00ab
60 7.08±0.61b 5.80±2.76ab 92.92±0.60c 63.70±6.85ab 29 650.94±270.78ab
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