Crops ›› 2016, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (3): 144-150.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2016.03.027

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Effects of Nitrogen Application and Transplanting Seedlings Number Per Hole on the Grain Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Double-Rice by Machine Plug

Zhang Qiming,Zeng Yongjun,Lü Weisheng,Huang Shan,Shang Qingyin,Zeng Yanhua,Tan Xueming,Shi Qinghua,Pan Xiaohua   

  1. Collaborative Innovation Center for the Modernization Production of Double Cropping Rice,Jiangxi Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology,Ecology and Genetic Breeding,Ministry of Education/Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology,Ecology and Genetic Breeding/Southern Oil Crops Collaborative Innovation Center,Nanchang 330045,Jiangxi,China
  • Received:2016-05-03 Revised:2016-05-17 Online:2016-06-15 Published:2018-08-26
  • Contact: Yongjun Zeng

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Abstract:

Zhongjiazao 17 as the early rice, Wuyou 308 as the late rice were tested in this study.In view of the problems of present machine early planting, middle control, the late weak spikes,in order to determine effects of nitrogen application and transplanting seedlings number per hole on double-rice systems, an experiment was carried out to study the yield, yield components and nitrogen use efficiency of double-rice by machine plug.The results showed that both the nitrogen application rate and transplanting density had significant effects on yield. At the nitrogen plus high density rate the grain yield was maximized, being 8.12t/hm 2 in early rice and 9.62t/hm 2 in late rice,while the difference was not significantly been compared with low nitrogen plus high density rate. Nitrogen use efficiency decreased at the lower planting density, but increased first and then dropped with the increase of nitrogen application rate. At the low nitrogen plus high density rate the early rice nitrogen use efficiency was maximized, and at nitrogen plus high density the late rice nitrogen use efficiency was maximized.Dry matter accumulation exhibited trends of consistent with the yield.By appropriately increasing the seedlings number per hole, the early rice nitrogen fertilizer could reduce 16.7% application rate than the current diet, and the late rice decreased 15.4%. Nitrogen utilization increased by 10.66% of early rice, 1.99% of late rice. As a result, a reasonable reduction of nitrogen fertilizer and increase of transplanting seedlings number per hole,could indeed significantly increase the effective panicle number per unit area, and nitrogen use efficiency was improved.

Key words: Nitrogen application level, Seedlingsnumber per hole, Double-cropping rice under transplanting by machine, Grain yield, Nitrogen use efficiency

Table 1

Effects of seedlings number per hole and nitrogen application rate on yield and yield factors of double-rice by machine plug"

处理
Treatments		 有效穗数(万穗/hm2)
Effective panicle		 每穗粒数
Grain number per panicle		 结实率(%)
Seed-setting rate		 千粒重(g)
1000-grain weight		 产量(t/hm2)
Actual yield		 高峰苗数(万株/hm2)
Highest tillers		 成穗率(%)
Spike rate
早稻 Early rice
N0D3 208.43±6.48kJ 119.16±3.50deDE 83.73±1.44aA 26.04±0.17abcAB 4.59±0.27hF 245.10jH 84.30abcAB
N0D4 239.78±6.58jI 114.11±3.44efE 83.11±2.18abA 25.98±0.13abcAB 4.93±0.39hF 283.58iG 84.97abcAB
N0D5 267.43±6.56iH 112.09±4.23fE 83.49±1.59abA 25.94±0.19abcAB 5.56±0.27gE 342.00gEF 78.35cB
N8D3 282.82±10.70hGH 129.64±4.16abcABC 81.23±2.06bcAB 26.08±0.13abcA 6.75±0.28fD 304.95hG 91.88aA
N8D4 307.42±3.28fgEF 126.83±6.67bcBCD 80.00±1.44cdBC 26.09±0.26abcA 7.05±0.49efCD 370.50fDE 83.25bcAB
N8D5 323.38±6.05cdeBCDE 124.46±4.91cdCD 79.99±1.16cdBC 25.9±0.04abcdAB 7.25±0.31deCD 393.30deCD 82.35bcAB
N10D3 297.35±9.55gFG 131.87±5.14abABC 79.99±2.39cdBC 26.09±0.12abcA 7.24±0.53deCD 336.30gF 87.59abAB
N10D4 317.87±8.31defCDEF 131.68±2.30abABC 78.34±1.62deBCD 26.11±0.10abA 7.65±0.62bcdABC 393.30deCD 80.76bcAB
N10D5 333.17±6.53bcABCD 129.71±7.34abcABC 78.26±1.21deBCD 25.92±0.16abcdAB 7.96±0.16abAB 420.38bcABC 79.38cB
N12D3 308.27±12.30fgEF 134.03±4.18aAB 77.74±3.35deCDE 26.12±0.10aA 7.50±0.48cdBC 356.25fgEF 85.61abcAB
N12D4 330.79±6.54bcdABCD 134.40±2.78aAB 76.69±1.83efCDEF 26.03±0.08abcAB 8.03±0.32abAB 401.85cdBCD 82.80bcAB
N12D5 339.63±12.78abAB 136.19±8.38aA 76.52±1.45efCDEF 25.96±0.30abcAB 8.12±0.52aA 433.20abAB 79.08cB
N14D3 315.12±9.31efDEF 135.75±5.33aA 76.38±2.67efDEF 25.81±0.18cdAB 7.49±0.60cdBC 373.35efDE 83.89bcAB
N14D4 336.11±6.48abcABC 133.85±9.68aAB 74.38±1.78fgEF 25.82±0.14bcdAB 7.87±0.27abcAB 426.08abABC 79.00cB
N14D5 349.03±7.29aA 132.04±6.99abABC 73.89±1.46gF 25.65±0.29dB 7.96±0.45abAB 446.02aA 78.33cB
N ** ** ** ** ** ** *
D ** ns * * ** ** **
N×D ns ns ns ns ns ns ns
晚稻 Late rice
N0D2 227.26±8.35jK 109.61±4.86dB 92.83±1.19aA 24.59±0.09abAB 5.19±0.15hH 415.39mL 54.78cdCDE
N0D3 255.72±6.83iJ 105.98±4.52deB 92.65±1.12abA 24.53±0.17bcAB 5.63±0.40gG 483.79kK 52.76deDEFGH
N0D4 284.06±12.98hI 102.32±2.59eB 92.27±1.26bA 24.49±0.09bcAB 5.95±0.27fF 526.54jJ 54.54cdCDEF
N9D2 304.19±6.61gH 128.28±7.29abcA 91.19±2.09cB 24.63±0.14abAB 7.77±0.26eE 465.98lK 64.92aA
N9D3 319.84±6.70fG 126.83±1.90bcA 90.03±1.09dC 24.65±0.23abAB 8.22±0.38dD 619.16gG 51.44efEFGHI
N9D4 341.30±4.37eEF 125.48±3.41cA 89.95±3.07dC 24.56±0.09abAB 8.58±0.57cC 691.13eE 49.45fgGHI
N11D2 328.75±8.34fFG 130.98±5.21abcA 89.79±1.14dC 24.75±0.24aA 8.73±0.37cC 560.03iI 58.87bBC
N11D3 355.82±12.39dDE 130.04±7.91abcA 88.35±1.14eD 24.64±0.09abAB 9.15±0.36bB 659.78fF 54.02cdeDEFG
N11D4 376.88±6.56bcBC 128.59±2.85abcA 88.31±2.24eD 24.48±0.16bcAB 9.48±0.26aA 736.01cC 51.46efEFGHI
N13D2 346.98±4.28deE 134.04±4.12aA 88.17±1.44eD 24.68±0.14abA 9.20±0.27bB 582.11hH 59.46bB
N13D3 369.58±14.84cCD 133.36±6.83abA 86.65±1.29fE 24.58±0.37abAB 9.50±0.41aA 713.92dD 51.96defEFGHI
N13D4 386.19±4.94bAB 134.12±8.19aA 86.10±2.26gF 24.51±0.12bcAB 9.62±0.22aA 774.49bB 49.93fgFGHI
N15D2 355.49±6.86dDE 133.67±5.20abA 86.77±2.19fE 24.60±0.25abAB 9.25±0.61bB 625.58gG 56.75bcBCD
N15D3 380.37±9.69bBC 132.58±9.05abA 85.20±1.26hG 24.55±0.20abcAB 9.52±0.41aA 783.04bB 48.58gHI
N15D4 498.07±7.59aA 130.76±4.49abcA 84.11±2.18iH 24.34±0.16cB 9.55±0.36aA 825.08aA 47.99gI
N ** ** ** ns ** ** *
D ** * ** ** ** ** **
N×D ns ns ** ns ** ** **

Table 2

Effects of seedlings number per hole and nitrogen application rate on LAI of heading,biomass production,economic coefficient of double-rice by machine plug"

早稻Early rice 晚稻Late rice
处理
Treatments		 抽穗期叶面积指数
Leaf area index of heading		 生物产量(t/hm2)
Biological production		 经济系数(%)
Economic coefficient		 处理
Treatments		 抽穗期叶面积指数
Leaf area index of heading		 生物产量(t/hm2)
Biological production		 经济系数(%)
Economic coefficient
N0D3 3.27hG 8.67iG 53.25deCD N0D2 2.77eC 11.12hI 46.70cD
N0D4 3.61ghFG 9.61hFG 51.47eD N0D3 2.91eC 12.27gH 45.87cD
N0D5 3.77ghEFG 10.12ghF 55.41cdeBCD N0D4 3.14deC 12.64fgGH 47.09cD
N8D3 4.04fghEFG 10.73gEF 63.60aA N9D2 3.67dC 13.13fG 59.14aA
N8D4 4.39efgDEFG 11.56fDE 61.15abAB N9D3 4.99cB 14.13eF 58.15aA
N8D5 6.02abABC 12.74cdABCD 56.48bcdABCD N9D4 5.26bcAB 15.82cCDE 54.24bBC
N10D3 4.71efCDEF 11.87efCDE 60.86abAB N11D2 5.03cB 15.10dE 57.82aAB
N10D4 5.17bcdeBCDE 12.64cdeABCD 60.68abABC N11D3 5.12bcAB 15.96cBCD 57.34aAB
N10D5 6.16aAB 13.37abcAB 59.68abcABC N11D4 5.71abcAB 17.65aA 53.74bC
N12D3 4.94defBCDEF 12.95bcdABC 58.23bcABCD N13D2 5.36bcAB 15.81cCDE 58.17aA
N12D4 5.78abcdABCD 13.43abcAB 59.88abcABC N13D3 5.58abcAB 16.50bBC 57.59aAB
N12D5 6.30aAB 13.90aA 58.54bcABCD N13D4 5.76abAB 18.09aA 53.17bC
N14D3 5.05cdeBCDE 12.28defBCD 61.08abAB N15D2 5.60abcAB 15.59cdDE 59.33aA
N14D4 5.95abcABC 13.27abcAB 59.83abcABC N15D3 6.26aA 16.58bB 57.43aAB
N14D5 6.63aA 13.61abAB 58.37bcABCD N15D4 6.27aA 17.88aA 53.40bC
N * * * * * * N * * * * * *
D * * * * ns D * * * * * *
N×D ns ns ns N×D * * *

Table 3

Correlation coefficients and path analysis among yield factors of double-rice"

性状Character 相关系数Correlation coefficient 通径分析Path analysis
x1 x2 x3 x4 y 直接作用
Direct effect		 间接作用Indirect effect
x1 x2 x3 x4
早稻Early rice x1 1 0.814 0.622 -0.715 -0.320
x2 0.764** 1 0.343 0.262 -0.288 -0.033
x3 -0.877** -0.841** 1 0.092 -0.081 -0.077 0.048
x4 -0.393 -0.095 0.525* 1 0.066 -0.026 -0.006 0.035
y 0.970** 0.881** -0.876** -0.238 1
晚稻Late rice x1 1 0.805 0.670 -0.747 -0.227
x2 0.833** 1 0.330 0.275 -0.261 0.061
x3 -0.928** -0.789** 1 0.097 -0.090 -0.076 0.033
x4 -0.282 0.184 0.345 1 0.095 -0.027 0.018 0.033
y 0.963** 0.941** -0.878** -0.037 1

Table 4

Effects of seedlings number per hole and nitrogen application rate on nitrogen use efficiency of double-rice by machine plug"

处理
Treatments		 农学利用率
AEN(kg/kg)		 吸收利用率
REN(%)		 生理利用率
PEN(kg/kg)		 偏生产力
PFPN(kg/kg)		 收获指数
NHI(%)		 100kg子粒吸氮量
NAPG(kg)
早稻Early rice
N8D3 18.01aA 42.17abA 43.62aA 56.27bBC 65.25bcAB 1.70eD
N8D4 17.61abA 42.88abA 41.69abAB 58.72abAB 64.33cAB 1.76deCD
N8D5 14.12bcdAB 44.06abA 29.95cdAB 60.43aA 60.95dB 1.82cdeBCD
N10D3 17.63abA 45.45abA 38.85abcAB 48.24dEF 68.34abA 1.83cdeBCD
N10D4 18.10aA 46.22abA 39.33abcAB 50.98cDE 68.46abA 1.86cdBCD
N10D5 16.04abcAB 48.92aA 32.18bcdAB 53.09cCD 68.65abA 1.91bcABC
N12D3 16.14abcAB 45.74abA 35.73abcdAB 41.65fGH 65.25bcAB 1.95bcABC
N12D4 17.20abcA 45.93abA 37.52abcAB 44.60eFG 66.30abcAB 1.93bcABC
N12D5 14.25bcdAB 46.28abA 30.34cdAB 45.13eFG 68.01abA 2.00abAB
N14D3 13.80cdAB 40.73bA 33.92abcdAB 35.66gI 69.05aA 2.00abAB
N14D4 13.99bcdAB 41.54bA 34.42abcdAB 37.47gI 66.91abcA 2.03abAB
N14D5 11.42dB 42.21abA 26.35dB 37.89gHI 65.52abcAB 2.11aA
N * * ns * * * * * *
D * * * * * * * ns *
N×D ns ns ns ns ns ns
晚稻Late rice
N9D2 19.06cdCDE 45.54dB 41.63aA 57.53cC 70.40aA 1.78fE
N9D3 19.18cBCDE 47.72cdAB 40.52aAB 60.87bB 67.39abA 1.86efDE
N9D4 19.47bcABCD 48.04bcdAB 40.95aAB 63.57aA 65.98bA 1.84fDE
N11D2 21.47aA 53.29abAB 40.46aAB 52.92eD 68.49abA 1.88defDE
N11D3 21.35aAB 54.46aAB 39.38abAB 55.46dC 68.67abA 1.94deCDE
N11D4 21.40aA 56.99aA 37.76abABC 57.48cC 68.11abA 1.97dBCD
N13D2 20.54abABC 54.39aAB 37.91abABC 47.18gE 68.11abA 1.99cdBCD
N13D3 19.85bcABCD 56.32aA 35.47bcABC 48.72fE 68.43abA 2.08bcABC
N13D4 18.80cdCDE 57.55aA 32.73cdBC 49.33fE 68.14abA 2.13bAB
N15D2 18.01deDEF 52.01abcAB 34.65bcABC 41.10iF 70.15aA 2.09bABC
N15D3 17.31eEF 52.87abcAB 32.49cdBC 42.33hiF 68.98abA 2.17abA
N15D4 15.97Ff 54.17aAB 29.39dC 42.43hF 68.74abA 2.25aA
N * * * * * * ns * *
D * * * * * * ns * *
N×D * * ns ns * * ns ns
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