Crops ›› 2017, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (4): 123-128.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2017.04.021

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Effects of Different Tillage Methods on Changes of Soil Nutrients and Grain Yield of Maize in Semi-Arid Regions of Songnen Plain

Zhang Wenchao1,Wang Yufeng1,Zhang Yifei1,Xu Jingyu1,Wu Qiong1,Chen Tianyu1,Zhang Pengfei1,Pang Chen1,Tang Chunshuang2,Fu Jian1,Yang Kejun1   

  1. 1 Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province/College of Agronomy,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing 163319,Heilongjiang,China
    2 Institute of Crop Development,Heilongjiang Academy of Land Reclamation Sciences,Jiamusi 154007,Heilongjiang,China
  • Received:2017-04-18 Revised:2017-07-11 Online:2017-08-15 Published:2018-08-26
  • Contact: Kejun Yang

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Abstract:

The effects of six kinds of tillage methods on the dynamic changes of soil nutrient and yield of maize were investigated, to solve the problem caused by long-term cultivation using single soil tillage system in semi-arid regions of Songnen Plain. The results showed that compared with other tillage methods, the contents of alkaline hydrolytic nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium under no-tilling treatment was 6.27%, 14.50% and 5.89% higher than control treatment in 0-10cm soil layer. Compared with the controls, the nutrient content in 10-20cm soil layer was improved. The flat-tilling subsoil and ridge-tilling subsoil treatments had the best performance among all the treatments studied with average alkali-hydro nitrogen content increase by 11.78% and 11.13%, average available phosphorus content increase by 15.48% and 13.26% and average available potassium content increase by 7.38% and 6.31%. Among the six tillage treatments, the flat-tilling subsoil treatment resulted in the highest maize yield, which was 9.80% higher than that of conventional ridge treatment. In conclusion, flat-tilling subsoil and ridge-tilling subsoil treatment improved the soil nutrient availability and maize yield, which made them appropriate tillage methods for maize cultivation in semi-arid regions of Songnen Plain.

Key words: Tillage method, Semi-arid region, Spring maize, Soil nutrient, Grain yield

Table 1

The precipitation of April to October in 2015 in experiment site"

月份Month 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
降水量Precipitation (mm) 5.3 94.0 155.9 44.3 118.6 74.4 22.0

Table 2

Soil tillage treatment"

编号Code 处理Treatment 耕作措施Tillage practice
RT(CK) 旋耕垄作 春季旋耕灭茬起垄,垄上施肥播种镇压,6展叶期1次中耕培土
RTS 旋耕垄作+深松 春季旋耕灭茬起垄,垄上施肥播种镇压,6展叶期行间深松30cm
NT 免耕 原垄卡种,玉米原茬播种,除追肥外,不进行任何土壤操作
NTS 免耕+深松 原垄卡种,玉米原茬播种,6展叶期行间深松30cm
FT 旋耕平作 春季旋耕灭茬平整土地,平地施肥播种镇压,6展叶期一次中耕起垄
FTS 旋耕平作+深松 春季旋耕灭茬平整土地,平地施肥播种镇压,6展叶期行间深松30cm

Table 3

Effects of tillage methods on soil nitrogen content at different growth stages mg/kg"

土层Soil depth(cm) 处理Treatment 苗期Seedling 拔节期Jointing 吐丝期Silking 灌浆期Filling 成熟期Maturation
0~10 RT(CK) 110.29ab 159.03ab 144.18b 105.63b 107.10b
NT 113.87a 170.60a 160.35a 114.88a 115.61a
FT 104.07b 153.18b 146.61b 103.44b 106.87b
RTS 109.29ab 152.32b 147.94b 103.90b 106.40b
NTS 108.29ab 158.43ab 145.49b 101.64b 108.76b
FTS 106.07b 151.85b 141.20b 102.80b 103.83b
10~20 RT(CK) 95.11ab 125.16c 106.62b 98.52b 95.87c
NT 96.91ab 127.31b 105.85b 96.38b 95.05c
FT 94.92b 129.09bc 105.74b 98.04b 96.42bc
RTS 100.44a 156.13a 138.88a 105.98ab 103.79ab
NTS 97.58ab 151.17a 132.79a 101.25ab 98.35bc
FTS 95.92ab 157.48a 140.29a 109.25a 106.01a
20~30 RT(CK) 75.69a 91.07b 79.07ab 48.54a 47.52a
NT 72.94a 87.22b 73.10b 45.95a 44.58a
FT 73.67a 91.76b 76.29ab 49.43a 46.99a
RTS 79.35a 98.84a 87.35ab 51.92a 51.07a
NTS 75.94a 98.31a 83.28ab 49.82a 48.63a
FTS 76.01a 99.25a 89.19a 54.47a 53.50a

Table 4

Effects of tillage methods on soil available P content at different growth stages mg/kg"

土层Soil depth(cm) 处理Treatment 苗期Seedling 拔节期Jointing 吐丝期Silking 灌浆期Filling 成熟期Maturation
0~10 RT(CK) 20.56a 27.21b 35.47ab 27.84b 16.24b
NT 19.80a 33.35a 40.17a 34.10a 21.51a
FT 20.06a 27.88b 33.48b 29.36b 17.33b
RTS 20.23a 25.23b 33.68b 29.77b 17.62ab
NTS 19.13a 28.76b 36.76ab 30.42ab 17.51ab
FTS 19.06a 26.78b 34.51b 29.38b 17.91ab
10~20 RT(CK) 17.53a 25.09ab 32.72b 26.40bc 15.39b
NT 16.65a 24.46b 32.57b 24.80c 14.68b
FT 16.35a 25.93ab 33.14b 26.42bc 15.15b
RTS 17.86a 29.16ab 39.65a 32.56a 20.34a
NTS 16.31a 28.94ab 38.06a 31.46ab 18.83ab
FTS 18.69a 29.70a 40.33a 34.49a 21.59a
20~30 RT(CK) 14.11a 22.54a 26.44ab 23.54a 13.13b
NT 14.24a 21.89a 24.70b 22.25a 12.24b
FT 14.38a 22.43a 25.34ab 23.36a 13.25b
RTS 15.45a 25.45a 29.27a 25.06a 15.26ab
NTS 15.24a 24.33a 28.10ab 24.45a 14.19ab
FTS 15.04a 25.28a 28.46ab 26.19a 16.87a

Table 5

Effects of tillage methods on soil available potassium in different growth stages mg/kg"

土层Soil depth(cm) 处理Treatment 苗期Seedling 拔节期Jointing 吐丝期Silking 灌浆期Filling 成熟期Maturation
0~10 RT(CK) 104.05b 100.43ab 102.61a 97.59a 103.85b
NT 111.83a 105.99a 107.76a 105.05a 109.78a
FT 103.03b 101.84a 101.04a 97.32a 102.43b
RTS 104.71b 94.15b 100.69a 98.27a 103.25b
NTS 106.16b 95.87b 101.02a 98.12a 105.63ab
FTS 102.69b 94.20b 101.67a 98.52a 104.35b
10~20 RT(CK) 103.11a 92.04b 93.69b 90.52bc 95.80b
NT 102.49a 90.54b 92.21b 89.23c 94.69b
FT 102.47a 92.11b 94.20b 92.41bc 97.86ab
RTS 102.44a 101.46a 104.64a 97.95a 103.26a
NTS 100.49a 100.88a 102.46ab 93.10ab 101.04ab
FTS 101.81a 103.29a 106.13a 98.91a 105.43a
20~30 RT(CK) 94.57a 82.12bc 82.84b 79.01b 93.41a
NT 93.31a 80.84c 81.42b 77.67b 92.71a
FT 92.25a 82.43bc 83.09b 78.03b 92.15a
RTS 95.57a 90.01ab 92.45a 88.59ab 95.56a
NTS 92.31a 89.52ab 91.75a 88.69ab 92.77a
FTS 93.61a 91.63a 93.75a 90.49a 95.57a

Table 6

Effects of tillage methods on maize yield and yield components"

处理
Treatment		 有效穗数(穗/hm2)
Number of productive ear		 穗粒数(粒/穗)
Grain number per ear		 百粒重(g)
100-grain weight		 空秆率(%)
Barreness rate		 理论产量(kg/hm2)
Theoretical yield		 实际产量(kg/hm2)
Actual yield
RT(CK) 74 615.31a 514.17c 34.74a 3.00 12 987.40b 9 671.07b
RTS 75 040.95a 553.74ab 36.38a 2.00 14 806.61a 10 569.00a
NT 62 307.63c 509.47c 33.43a 18.30 10 436.10c 9 354.61c
NTS 64 615.32c 530.61bc 35.87a 15.75 12 026.46b 9 942.18b
FT 68 974.29abc 514.67c 35.36a 7.00 12 693.61b 9 730.52b
FTS 71 538.39ab 566.05a 36.21a 4.00 14 757.60a 10 725.66a
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