草燕1号燕麦新品种选育及品种特性评价

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2021.05.033

Abstract

Abstract:

Avena sativa ‘Caoyan No.1’ is a new variety of oats with high-yield and lodging-resistance which was cultivated in the alpine region and Eryin region of Gansu province. This variety was made of native oat as the original material of Hezheng county using a single plant mixed selection method after nearly 10 years of breeding. Avena sativa Qinghai 444 and Qingyin No.1 were selected as control and the product ratio test, regional test, and production test were carried out in Hezheng, Dingxi, Qingyang, Tianzhu, and Xiahe. The results showed that Avena sativa ‘Caoyan No.1’ was suitable for popularizing and planting in the Qinghai-Tibet alpine area and Eryin cold area at an altitude of 1500-3000m. The phenophase of Caoyan No.1 was 2-6 days later than the control varieties. There was no significant difference between the forage yield and the control, while, seed yield was significantly higher than that of the control (P<0.05). Moreover, forage quality was significantly better than Qinghai 444 (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference with Qingyin No.1.

Key words: Avena sativa ‘Caoyan No.1’, Breeding, Forage yield, Seed yield

Zhang Shaoping, Geng Xiaoli, Wu Huijuan, Li Deming, Liu Qian, Gao Zhanqi. Breeding and Evaluating of Variety Characteristics of Avena sativa ‘Caoyan No.1’[J].Crops, 2021, 37(5): 219-224.

Figures/Tables 10

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Results of growth period of each variety by regional test 月-日Month-day"

地点 Location	年份 Year	品种 Variety	播种期 Sowing date	出苗期 Emergencing stage	分蘖期 Stooling stage	拔节期 Shooting stage	孕穗期 Booting stage	抽穗期 Heading stage	开花期 Flowering stage	乳熟期 Milking stage	完熟期 Maturing stage	生育期 Growth period (d)
夏河	2017	草燕1号	05-14	05-23	06-01	06-14	07-05	07-28	08-05	08-11	08-27	96
Xiahe		青海444	05-14	05-23	06-01	06-11	07-10	07-25	07-31	08-05	08-22	91
		青引1号	05-14	05-23	06-01	06-11	07-10	07-25	07-31	08-05	08-22	91
	2018	草燕1号	05-11	05-21	06-04	06-11	07-24	07-30	08-06	08-13	09-01	104
		青海444	05-11	05-21	06-04	06-11	07-16	07-24	07-31	08-07	08-25	97
		青引1号	05-11	05-21	06-04	06-11	07-16	07-24	07-31	08-07	08-25	97
庆阳	2017	草燕1号	05-17	05-25	06-10	06-20	06-28	07-13	07-19	07-28	08-05	72
Qingyang		青海444	05-17	05-25	06-10	06-18	06-27	07-04	07-12	07-20	07-30	66
		青引1号	05-17	05-25	06-10	06-16	06-24	07-07	07-14	07-22	07-30	66
	2018	草燕1号	04-18	04-28	05-15	05-30	06-12	06-20	06-27	07-05	07-16	79
		青海444	04-18	04-28	05-15	05-30	06-06	06-13	06-20	06-28	07-10	73
		青引1号	04-18	04-28	05-18	05-30	06-06	06-13	06-20	06-28	07-10	73
和政	2017	草燕1号	04-14	04-27	05-12	06-02	06-12	06-27	07-05	07-21	07-30	94
Hezheng		青海444	04-14	04-27	05-12	05-30	06-09	06-22	06-30	07-15	07-24	88
		青引1号	04-14	04-27	05-12	05-30	06-09	06-22	06-30	07-15	07-24	88
地点 Location	年份 Year	品种 Variety	播种期 Sowing date	出苗期 Emergencing stage	分蘖期 Stooling stage	拔节期 Shooting stage	孕穗期 Booting stage	抽穗期 Heading stage	开花期 Flowering stage	乳熟期 Milking stage	完熟期 Maturing stage	生育期 Growth period (d)
	2018	草燕1号	04-11	04-27	05-11	05-30	06-12	06-27	07-05	07-21	07-30	97
		青海444	04-11	04-27	05-11	05-20	06-09	06-22	06-30	07-15	07-24	91
		青引1号	04-11	04-27	05-11	05-20	06-09	06-22	06-30	07-15	07-24	91
天祝	2017	草燕1号	05-26	06-06	06-26	07-18	08-03	08-16	08-28	09-10	–	–
Tianzhu		青海444	05-26	06-06	06-26	07-10	07-23	08-10	08-21	08-30	–	–
		青引1号	05-26	06-06	06-26	07-10	07-23	08-10	08-21	08-30	–	–
	2018	草燕1号	05-26	06-06	06-26	07-18	08-03	08-16	08-28	09-10	–	–
		青海444	05-26	06-06	06-26	07-10	07-23	08-10	08-21	08-31	–	–
		青引1号	05-26	06-06	06-26	07-10	07-023	08-10	08-21	08-31	–	–
定西	2017	草燕1号	05-12	05-19	06-18	06-27	07-04	07-10	07-14	07-21	07-25	67
Dingxi		青海444	05-12	05-19	06-18	06-25	07-02	07-08	07-11	07-18	07-23	65
		青引1号	05-12	05-19	06-18	06-25	07-02	07-08	07-11	07-18	07-23	65
	2018	草燕1号	04-24	05-04	05-20	05-31	06-15	06-22	06-29	07-06	07-14	71
		青海444	04-24	05-04	05-20	05-25	06-10	06-17	06-25	07-03	07-12	69
		青引1号	04-24	05-04	05-20	05-25	06-10	06-17	06-25	07-03	07-12	69

Table 5

Table 6

Table 7

Table 8

Table 9

Table 10

References 8

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项目Item	庆阳Qingyang	定西Dingxi	夏河Xiahe	和政Hezheng	天祝Tianzhu
经纬度Longitude and latitude	107°25′ E, 35°25′ N	99°58′ E, 39°13′ N	102°42′ E, 35°12′ N	103°47′ E, 35°25′ N	102°23′ E, 37°13′ N
海拔Altitude (m)	1220.0	1973.4	3050.0	2205.9	2956.0
极端高温Extreme high temperature (℃)	38.2	35.1	28.8	30.0	29.0
极端低温Extreme low temperature (℃)	-27.1	-29.7	-29.8	-30.0	-30.0
年均温度Annual average temperature (℃)	7.9~11.0	7.2	1.6	5.8	-0.1
≥10℃ 年积温 ≥10℃ annual product temperature (℃)	3735.7	2239.1	693.0	1730.0	118.0
年降雨量Annual rainfall (mm)	358~791	377	460~600	500~600	416
无霜期Frost-free period (d)	132~203	151	56	152	无绝对无霜期
土壤类型Soil type	黑垆土	黏土	壤土	黑钙土	栗钙土
pH	8.10	7.85	7.65	7.56	7.81

年份 Year	品种 Variety	鲜草产量 Fresh yield (kg/hm²)	干鲜比Dry/fresh (%)	干草产量 Hay yield (kg/hm²)	叶茎比 Leaf/stem
2015	草燕1号	32 433.21a	35.13	11 393.69a	1.64a
	青海444	33 373.68a	36.56	12 201.10a	1.32b
	青引1号	32 600.29a	36.87	12 020.01a	1.13b
2016	草燕1号	27 394.69a	36.45	9 984.99a	1.25a
	青海444	26 704.35a	37.52	10 019.01a	1.07b
	青引1号	27 013.50a	37.47	10 122.06a	0.83c

年份 Year	草燕1号 Caoyan No.1	青海444 Qinghai 444	青引1号 Qingyin No.1
2015	4815.41a	3446.72b	2857.43b
2016	4170.08a	3229.61b	2974.49b

地点 Location	品种 Variety	干草产量Hay yield			种子产量Seed yield
地点 Location	品种 Variety	2017	2018	平均Average	2017	2018	平均Average
庆阳Qingyang	草燕1号	4 608.30a	7 802.90a	6 206.10	1 306.65a	3130.56a	2219.11
	青海444	3 616.81b	7 544.77a	5 580.79	1 121.56b	2690.34a	1905.95
	青引1号	4 658.33a	6 820.41a	5 739.87	922.46c	2157.08b	1539.77
定西Dingxi	草燕1号	3 181.59a	4 797.40a	3 989.99	915.46a	1480.74a	1198.60
	青海444	2 824.41a	4 036.02a	3 430.71	608.30b	747.37c	678.34
	青引1号	2 210.10a	3 960.98a	3 085.54	695.35b	1143.57b	919.46
夏河Xiahe	草燕1号	7 876.94a	22 218.10a	15 047.52	3 206.60a	7092.54a	5149.57
	青海444	7 306.65a	16 687.34b	11 997.00	3 001.50a	4758.38b	3879.94
	青引1号	8 480.24a	17 870.93ab	13 175.58	3 025.51a	3934.97c	3480.74
和政Hezheng	草燕1号	9 295.65a	19 361.68a	14 329.16	3 445.72a	6128.06a	4787.39
	青海444	9 672.83a	18 623.31a	14 148.07	2 768.38b	5203.60b	3985.99
	青引1号	9 919.96a	17 679.84b	13 799.90	2 419.21b	4237.12c	3328.66
天祝Tianzhu	草燕1号	13 157.58a	12 063.03a	12 610.30	–	–	–
	青海444	11 110.55b	10 739.37a	10 925.46	–	–	–
	青引1号	14 789.39a	12 203.10a	13 496.75	–	–	–

地点 Location	品种 Variety	鲜草产量Fresh yield			干草产量Hay yield
地点 Location	品种 Variety	2018	2019	平均Average	2018	2019	平均Average
夏河Xiahe	草燕1号	40 875.81a	38 584.76a	39 730.29	13 264.20a	12 837.15a	13 050.68
	青海444	37 812.42b	38 421.20a	38 116.81	12 145.35b	12 725.10a	12 435.23
	青引1号	36 851.01b	36 764.30a	36 807.66	12 367.20b	12 338.10a	12 352.65
和政Hezheng	草燕1号	38 491.48a	37 409.83a	37 950.66	12 875.40a	12 446.25a	12 660.83
	青海444	35 913.50a	37 427.43a	36 670.47	11 894.55a	12 145.20a	12 019.88
	青引1号	37 499.11a	35 756.49a	36 627.80	12 584.70a	11 849.70a	12 217.20
天祝Tianzhu	草燕1号	33 468.26a	34 445.90a	33 957.08	10 860.45a	11 460.15a	11 160.30
	青海444	32 860.30a	32 450.85a	32 655.58	10 620.45a	10 530.30a	10 575.38
	青引1号	32 986.59a	37 251.51a	35 119.05	11 070.30a	12 345.15a	11 707.73

Breeding and Evaluating of Variety Characteristics of Avena sativa ‘Caoyan No.1’

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