Crops ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (6): 182-188.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2021.06.029

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Effects of Different Sowing Dates and Seeding Rates on the Growth Characteristics and Yield of Winter Wheat

Wang Xin1(), Wang Cai2()   

  1. 1Zhumadian Agricultural Operation and Management Guidance Station, Zhumadian 463000, Henan, China
    2Henan Zhumadian Agricultural School, Zhumadian 463000, Henan, China
  • Received:2021-05-14 Revised:2021-08-23 Online:2021-12-15 Published:2021-12-16
  • Contact: Wang Cai E-mail:mta2418@163.com;jjuwhe@163.com

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Abstract:

In order to study the effects of sowing date and seeding rate on the growth and yield of winter wheat, three sowing dates and three seeding rates were set up to study the characteristics of wheat dry matter accumulation and transportation, leaf area and population light energy interception, and yield changes. The results showed that the dry matter accumulation decreased with the passage of the sowing dates, and the dry matter accumulation decreased by 0.13-0.37t/ha for each delay of the sowing date. The dry matter transport amount before anthesis decreased with the delay of the sowing date, and increased with seeding rate increasing. After blooming, the accumulation of light-contracted compounds first increased and then decreased with the postponement of the sowing date, and gradually decreased with the increase of seeding rate. With the sowing date postponement and seeding rate increase, light energy utilization rate increased first and then decreased. The combination of sowing on October 4th and 160kg/ha seeding rate could achieve the maximum of photoassimilate after flowering, light energy interception and utilization, and the two years average yield (8257.84kg/ha), which was a better combination planting mode of sowing date and seeding rate.

Key words: Wheat, Sowing date, Seeding rate, Yield

Fig.1

The effects of different sowing dates and seeding rates on dry matter accumulation of winter wheat Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (P < 0.05), the same below"

Table 1

Effects of different sowing dates and seeding rates on dry matter transport of winter wheat"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 花前干物质Preanthesis dry matter 花后光合同化物Photoassimilate after flowering
转运量
Translocation amount (t/hm2)		 转运率
Translocation rate (%)		 贡献率
Contribution rate (%)		 积累量
Accumulation (t/hm2)		 贡献率
Contribution rate (%)
2017-2018 S1D1 3.21±0.38b 33.61±2.91bc 50.77±6.27bc 3.11±0.21c 49.23±3.27de
S1D2 3.81±0.78a 35.71±0.53ab 55.54±1.28ab 3.05±0.10c 44.46±1.28ef
S1D3 3.87±0.32a 37.95±1.67a 61.35±6.20a 2.44±0.25d 38.65±6.20f
S2D1 2.94±0.15bc 31.01±1.77cd 45.02±3.76cde 3.60±0.28bc 54.98±3.76bcd
S2D2 3.01±0.12bc 30.44±2.98cde 43.94±6.25cde 3.84±0.26ab 56.06±6.25bcd
S2D3 2.62±0.23c 27.42±2.21ef 37.87±4.20ef 4.31±0.39a 62.13±4.20ab
S3D1 2.03±0.22d 24.37±1.64f 32.27±2.88f 4.29±0.13a 67.73±2.88a
S3D2 2.83±0.24bc 29.91±1.44de 42.72±2.96de 3.79±0.15ab 57.28±2.96bc
S3D3 2.98±0.25bc 32.28±2.33bcd 47.78±5.00bcd 3.26±0.40bc 52.22±5.00cde
2018-2019 S1D1 3.17±0.65bc 27.93±0.16b 47.21±1.39b 3.54±0.14d 52.79±1.39b
S1D2 3.35±0.31b 27.01±2.17bc 46.00±3.49b 3.93±0.25bc 54.00±3.49b
S1D3 4.02±0.13a 32.20±0.68a 58.68±1.24a 2.83±0.60e 41.32±1.24c
S2D1 2.55±0.64e 22.68±0.58d 38.65±1.59c 4.05±0.26b 61.35±1.59a
S2D2 2.89±0.21cd 25.29±1.75c 39.27±1.34c 4.46±0.09a 60.73±1.34a
S2D3 2.86±0.48d 25.21±0.30c 41.72±1.73c 4.00±0.24b 58.28±1.73a
S3D1 3.30±0.19b 31.16±1.65a 47.55±2.55b 3.64±0.17cd 52.45±2.55b
S3D2 3.41±0.17b 30.49±1.12a 47.50±1.03b 3.77±0.43bcd 52.50±1.03b
S3D3 3.34±0.22b 30.68±1.91a 48.91±1.30b 3.50±0.15d 51.09±1.30b

Fig.2

The effects of different sowing dates and seeding rates on LAI of winter wheat"

Table 2

Effects of different sowing dates and seeding rates on photosynthetically active radiation and light use efficiency of winter wheat canopy"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 截获量
Interception (MJ/m2)		 截获率
Capture ratio (%)		 透射率
Penetration ratio (%)		 光能利用率
Light use efficiency (g/MJ)
2017-2018 S1D1 8.72±0.03b 92.89±0.56b 7.11±0.56g 1.08±0.09bc
S1D2 8.86±0.03a 94.54±0.12a 5.46±0.12h 1.21±0.04ab
S1D3 8.84±0.02a 92.96±0.59b 7.04±0.59g 1.10±0.05bc
S2D1 8.56±0.02d 89.73±0.09e 10.27±0.09d 1.14±0.07bc
S2D2 8.62±0.03c 91.60±0.17c 8.40±0.17f 1.28±0.12a
S2D3 8.46±0.02e 90.57±0.19d 9.43±0.19e 1.10±0.08bc
S3D1 8.37±0.02f 86.03±0.62h 13.97±0.62a 1.14±0.09abc
S3D2 8.44±0.02e 88.68±0.10f 11.32±0.10c 1.08±0.04bc
S3D3 8.34±0.03f 87.41±0.67g 12.59±0.67b 1.06±0.11c
2018-2019 S1D1 8.61±0.09bc 90.85±0.01bc 9.15±0.01cd 0.86±0.03de
S1D2 8.70±0.03a 92.51±0.48a 7.49±0.48e 0.97±0.06b
S1D3 8.57±0.02c 91.26±0.87b 8.74±0.87d 0.78±0.01f
S2D1 8.69±0.07ab 90.35±0.50c 9.65±0.50c 1.00±0.08b
S2D2 8.71±0.06a 92.56±0.43a 7.44±0.43e 1.10±0.02a
S2D3 8.48±0.02d 91.20±0.42b 8.80±0.42d 0.94±0.05bc
S3D1 8.40±0.01ef 86.30±0.62e 13.70±0.62a 0.84±0.04de
S3D2 8.47±0.02de 89.02±0.11d 11.04±0.10b 0.88±0.01cd
S3D3 8.36±0.03f 88.96±0.10d 10.98±0.11b 0.80±0.03e

Table 3

The effects of different sowing dates and seeding rates on winter wheat yield and its components"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 穗数
Ear number (×104/hm2)		 穗粒数
Grains per spike		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)		 产量
Yield (kg/hm2)
2017-2018 S1D1 461.16±4.08f 36.46±0.37ab 43.68±0.11ab 7345.65±104.83de
S1D2 520.30±6.14d 35.18±0.46bc 43.53±0.23bc 7966.88±67.22ab
S1D3 530.15±4.83bcd 33.09±0.49de 41.81±0.26f 7335.20±175.83de
S2D1 465.59±6.04f 37.37±1.43a 43.69±0.54ab 7600.92±326.65cd
S2D2 525.05±3.11cd 35.39±1.28bc 42.87±0.29de 7963.72±204.11ab
S2D3 556.86±9.08a 34.29±0.64cd 41.91±0.21ef 8066.73±194.61a
S3D1 480.52±7.27e 34.72±0.72c 44.18±0.48a 7368.15±134.54cde
S3D2 542.10±9.61b 32.95±0.60de 43.05±0.49cd 7689.46±150.82bc
S3D3 533.79±11.54bc 32.44±0.48e 41.89±0.30f 7253.29±220.74e
2018-2019 S1D1 477.35±3.93c 37.23±0.27a 43.91±0.81ab 7523.45±266.55d
S1D2 530.95±3.04b 36.67±0.73abc 43.42±0.50abc 8456.05±302.60ab
S1D3 538.51±2.92ab 35.21±0.43de 42.04±0.73c 8046.46±140.32cd
S2D1 475.06±7.20c 36.51±0.18abc 44.25±1.11ab 7675.46±308.97d
S2D2 549.08±6.44a 35.86±0.74cd 43.43±1.14abc 8551.96±353.58a
S2D3 545.24±6.65ab 34.74±0.86e 42.15±0.69c 8364.67±149.08cd
S3D1 490.05±7.19c 36.85±0.17ab 44.74±0.95a 7932.65±272.61bcd
S3D2 535.17±8.12ab 36.07±0.33bcd 43.28±0.61bc 8355.70±234.30abc
S3D3 536.84±21.11ab 35.24±0.39de 42.12±0.43c 8116.12±197.24cd
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