Crops ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (2): 89-95.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2022.02.013

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Assessment of Adaptability for 34 New Cultivars of Cowpea under Different Eco-Environments

Gong Dan1,2(), Luo Gaoling3, Zhang Xiaoyan4, Zhu Xu5, Yin Zhengong6, Wang Suhua2, Sha Aihua1,*(), Wang Lixia2,*()   

  1. 1College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China
    2Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
    3Rice Research Institute of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, Guangxi, China
    4Qingdao Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266100, Shandong, China
    5Nanyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanyang 473000, Henan, China
    6Institute of Crop Breeding, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China
  • Received:2021-12-28 Revised:2022-01-10 Online:2022-04-15 Published:2022-04-24
  • Contact: Sha Aihua,Wang Lixia E-mail:gongdan0129@126.com;aihuasha@163.com;wanglixia03@caas.cn

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Abstract:

Adaptability is a first step for the demonstration and utilization for new cultivars. We reported the identification of 34 new cowpea lines under different ecological environments (Harbin, Qingdao, Nanyang, Nanning). The results showed that these new lines bloomed and set pods in four sites, but the shortest average growth period (61.1d) was observed at Qingdao and the longest was at Harbin (75.8d); whereas, plant height (104.1cm), pod number per plant (21.9) and plot yield (4.46kg) were the largest in Nanning. There were no significant difference on pod length and 100-seed weight among environments. GGE biplot analysis showed that the four sites could be divided into two ecological groups, Nanning was separate from Harbin, Qingdao and Nanyang. The yield of JD14 and JD4 were the highest in the two groups respectively. Finally, ten new cowpea lines suitable for different ecological areas were selected, which provided important information for the further demonstration and popularization of these lines.

Key words: Cowpea, GGE biplot, Yielding ability, Stability, Adaptability

Table 1

New cowpea lines and parent combinations for adaptability identification"

品系
Line		 籽粒颜色
Grain color		 亲本组合
Parent combination		 品系
Line		 籽粒颜色
Grain color		 亲本组合
Parent combination
JD1 白色黑脐（小） PGCP-14×PGCP-11 JD18 浅红白双色 lobia-1×PGCP-12
JD2 黑 PGCP-14×PGCP-11 JD19 黑白双色 lobia-1×PGCP-12
JD3 白色黑脐（小） PGCP-14×PGCP-11 JD20 白色黑脐（小） lobia-1×PGCP-12
JD4 白色黑脐（小） PGCP-14×PGCP-11 JD21 白色黑脐（小） lobia-1×PGCP-12
JD5 白色黑脐（小） PGCP-14×PGCP-11 JD22 白色红脐（大） 中豇1号×豇豆502
JD6 黑白双色 PGCP-14×PGCP-11 JD23 红 中豇1号×豇豆502
JD7 黑白双色 PGCP-14×PGCP-11 JD24 白色红脐（大） 中豇1号×豇豆502
JD8 白色黑脐（小） PGCP-14×PGCP-11 JD25 红白双色 中豇1号×豇豆502
JD9 白色黑脐（小） PGCP-14×PGCP-11 JD26 白色红脐（大） 中豇1号×豇豆502
JD10 白色黑脐（小） PGCP-14×PGCP-11 JD27 白色浅红脐（大） 中豇1号×豇豆502
JD11 白色黑脐（小） PGCP-14×PGCP-11 JD28 白色浅红脐（大） 中豇1号×豇豆502
JD12 白色浅红脐（小） lobia-1×PGCP-12 JD29 白色红脐（小） 中豇1号×豇豆502
JD13 黑白双色 lobia-1×PGCP-12 JD30 白色紫红脐（大） 中豇1号×豇豆502
JD14 浅红 lobia-1×PGCP-12 JD31 白色红脐（大） 中豇1号×豇豆502
JD15 浅红白双色 lobia-1×PGCP-12 JD32 白色红脐（大） 中豇1号×豇豆502
JD16 浅红白双色 lobia-1×PGCP-12 JD33 白色浅红脐（大） 中豇1号×豇豆502
JD17 白色浅红脐（小） lobia-1×PGCP-12 JD34 红 中豇1号×豇豆502

Table 2

Climatic conditions of different testing sites in cowpea growing seasons"

试点
Site		 生长季
Growing seasons		 温度
Temperature (℃)		 降水量
Precipitation (mm)		 日照时长
Sunshine duration (h)		 气候特点
Climatic characteristic
黑龙江哈尔滨
Harbin, Heilongjiang		 5-7月 15~23 35.8~110.7 15.0~15.7 温度偏低,雨量偏低,日照时间充足
山东青岛
Qingdao, Shandong		 6-8月 21~26 67.3~130.6 13.5~14.6 温度适中,雨量适中,日照时间适中
河南南阳
Nanyang, Henan		 6-8月 26~28 103.1~140.1 13.1~14.3 温度适中,雨量适中,日照时间适中
广西南宁
Nanning, Guangxi		 4-6月 23~28 71.1~206.6 12.7~13.5 温度适中,雨量充沛,日照时间偏短

Fig.1

Analysis of agronomic characters of 34 new cowpea lines E1 represents Harbin, Heilongjiang; E2 represents Qingdao, Shandong; E3 represents Nanyang, Henan; E4 represents Nanning, Guangxi, the same below. Different small letters indicate significant difference in different locus"

Fig.2

The yield performance of 34 new cowpea lines"

Table 3

Correlation analysis of various traits in different sites"

性状
Trait		 试点
Site		 青岛
Qingdao		 南阳
Nanyang		 南宁
Nanning
生育期
Growth period		 哈尔滨 0.147 0.198 0.078
青岛 0.643** 0.834**
南阳 0.740**
株高
Plant height		 哈尔滨 0.266 0.565** 0.562**
青岛 0.457** 0.329
南阳 0.706**
单株荚数
Pod number per plant		 哈尔滨 0.050 0.237 -0.222
青岛 0.041 -0.111
南阳 -0.201
荚长
Pod length		 哈尔滨 0.801** 0.840** 0.868**
青岛 0.871** 0.872**
南阳 0.845**
百粒重
100-grain weight		 哈尔滨 0.664** 0.716** 0.853**
青岛 0.722** 0.768**
南阳 0.917**
单荚粒数
Seed number per pod		 哈尔滨 0.295 0.261 0.232
青岛 0.382* 0.117
南阳 0.122
小区产量
Plot yield		 哈尔滨 0.374 0.259* 0.197
青岛 0.157 -0.303
南阳 0.086

Table 4

Variation coefficients of different traits of cowpea lines %"

品系
Line		 生育期
Growth period		 株高
Plant height		 单株荚数
Pod number per plant		 荚长
Pod length		 百粒重
100-grain weight		 单荚粒数
Seed number per pod		 小区产量
Plot yield
JD1 10.1 9.8 10.4 2.5 2.6 11.1 24.0
JD2 7.7 31.4 28.7 5.7 7.2 22.0 46.5
JD3 8.7 18.3 18.7 5.7 3.7 10.0 9.2
JD4 7.9 5.7 17.0 4.7 4.5 4.8 32.2
JD5 7.6 26.2 13.3 7.3 2.1 0.8 44.1
JD6 6.6 18.9 31.5 5.2 3.9 7.5 45.3
JD7 7.6 20.3 21.3 11.5 6.1 8.9 53.2
JD8 7.9 32.5 39.4 7.1 11.0 14.7 68.5
JD9 7.3 16.0 76.9 6.5 4.2 13.6 71.8
JD10 8.5 36.9 17.6 3.3 4.2 4.6 58.0
JD11 8.4 21.0 41.2 5.4 14.8 7.0 45.9
JD12 8.2 23.3 29.9 9.0 6.9 13.6 46.8
JD13 7.2 26.7 41.6 8.6 10.2 12.5 71.7
JD14 10.5 20.1 45.6 7.5 16.0 14.4 65.4
JD15 9.4 34.6 42.4 8.9 13.3 13.6 67.2
JD16 8.7 22.9 17.6 11.0 15.4 10.1 52.7
JD17 8.4 37.4 10.2 11.1 6.7 24.2 46.2
JD18 10.3 39.3 16.7 8.6 7.4 11.1 64.0
JD19 8.6 22.8 36.6 9.1 3.5 17.5 52.5
JD20 9.3 27.4 25.5 6.9 9.3 14.0 47.7
JD21 9.3 37.5 16.1 3.9 4.9 12.8 53.8
JD22 13.7 16.0 13.7 4.2 26.1 13.2 53.8
JD23 13.9 36.1 18.3 1.0 3.1 6.8 49.7
JD24 12.5 30.3 16.6 7.6 6.2 5.1 42.7
JD25 10.8 20.9 38.9 4.1 11.6 4.6 40.5
JD26 10.4 28.2 38.4 5.6 9.2 7.7 70.8
JD27 8.8 35.7 78.7 7.8 14.4 5.4 53.2
JD28 11.6 29.4 53.8 8.1 9.9 7.1 56.5
JD29 10.0 25.2 39.5 5.4 16.7 9.5 59.9
JD30 12.4 9.2 41.2 0.4 8.9 6.3 46.4
JD31 13.1 24.1 77.5 10.9 5.3 11.8 44.5
JD32 12.0 20.6 59.8 5.9 10.4 12.9 43.6
JD33 11.3 32.9 41.4 9.0 13.2 8.3 61.4
JD34 10.0 21.4 30.8 9.8 11.4 13.2 32.9

Fig.3

Regional adaptability analysis of cowpea lines"

Fig.4

Relationship analysis between testing locus"

Fig.5

Yielding ability and stability of cowpea lines"

Table 5

The top three new cowpea lines in each eco-region and each loci"

生态区
Eco-region		 试点
Site		 适合种植的品系
Lines suitable for planting
生态区1 Eco-region 1 广西南宁 JD14*,JD7*,JD15*
生态区2 Eco-region 2 黑龙江哈尔滨 JD4*,JD5*,JD14
山东青岛 JD4*,JD1,JD28
河南南阳 JD25*,JD24,JD7
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