Crops ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (3): 159-166.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2023.03.022

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Relationships between Tiller Dynamic, Earbearing Tiller Rate and Yield of Double Cropping Rice under Elevated Temperature and CO2 Concentration

Song Chunyan1(), Wan Yunfan1, Li Yu’e1, Cai Andong1, Hu Yanyan2, Zhou Hui2, Zhu Bo2, Wang Bin1()   

  1. 1Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
    2College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434022, Hubei, China
  • Received:2022-02-17 Revised:2022-06-06 Online:2023-06-15 Published:2023-06-16

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Abstract:

In order to clarify the variation of tiller dynamic and earbearing tiller rate of Chinese double cropping rice under climate change and their relationship with yield formation, a field experiment was conducted using open-top chambers (OTC) to simulate different scenarios of elevated temperature and/or CO2 concentration for four rotations of double rice. There were four treatments, CK, ET (OTC with 2℃ temperature elevation), EC (OTC with 60μmol/mol CO2 elevation), ETEC (OTC with simultaneous 2℃ temperature and 60μmol/mol CO2 elevation). The characteristics of tiller dynamic, earbearing tiller rate and their effect on rice yield were explored. The results showed that rice tiller reached the peak then partially declined with the increase of cumulative radiation and growth degree-day (GDD), and the tiller growth/extinction rate in early rice was higher than that in late rice. Compared with CK, ET, EC and ETEC treatments in early rice increased number of maximum tiller and invalid tiller by 3.6%-14.2% and 8.9%-134.2%, respectively, and decreased earbearing tiller rate by 0.4%- 9.3%, which had negative effect on yield formation. In late rice, ET, EC and ETEC treatments increased maximum tiller number and ear bearing tiller rate by 2.9%-13.1% and 1.7%-22.1%, respectively, and decreased ineffective tiller number by 1.6%-64.8%, which contributed to the increase in yield. ETEC treatment showed a positive synergy on the promotion of maximum tiller, while their interaction on ineffective tiller number and earbearing tiller rate was not significant. Generally, elevated temperature and CO2 concentration had a negative effect on tillering and earbearing for early rice, while had a positive effect for late rice. Under the background of future climate change, it was of great significance to promote rice tiller development, control ineffective tiller and increase earbearing tiller rate for stable and high yield output.

Key words: Double cropping rice, CO2 concentration, Temperature, Tiller, Earbearing tiller rate, Yield

Table 1

Fertilization scheme of early rice and late rice kg/hm2"

养分
Nutrient		 总量
Total
amount		 基肥
Basal
fertilizer		 分蘖肥
Tiller
fertilizer		 穗肥
Panicle
fertilizer
N 180 90 45 45
P2O5 60 60 0 0
K2O 90 30 15 45

Fig.1

Relationships between tiller number and cumulative radiation, GDD of double cropping rice under elevated temperature and CO2 concentration y1: ambient CO2 concentration; y2: elevated CO2 concentration"

Table 2

Multi-way ANOVA of probable significances between elevated temperature, CO2 concentration and year on tillering, earbearing and yield of double cropping rice (P values)"

指标
Indicator		 早稻Early rice 晚稻Late rice
最大分蘖数
Maximum tiller
number		 无效分蘖数
Invalid tiller
number		 有效穗数
Productive
ear number		 成穗率
Earbearing tiller rate		 产量
Yield		 最大分蘖数
Maximum tiller
number		 无效分蘖数
Invalid tiller
number		 有效穗数
Productive
ear number		 成穗率
Earbearing tiller rate		 产量
Yield
温度Tepmerature (T) <0.05 <0.01 <0.05 <0.05 <0.01 <0.05 0.05 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
CO2 <0.01 0.79 <0.01 0.80 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
年Year <0.01 0.35 <0.01 0.10 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
T×CO2 0.33 0.65 <0.05 0.35 <0.01 <0.05 0.82 0.47 0.38 <0.05
T×Year 0.79 0.62 0.68 0.85 0.08 0.65 <0.01 <0.05 <0.01 0.18
CO2×Year 0.91 <0.05 0.36 0.31 0.15 0.32 0.12 0.53 0.12 0.53
T×CO2×Year 0.93 0.65 0.83 0.90 0.37 0.53 0.89 0.60 0.81 0.21

Fig.2

Maximum tiller number of double cropping rice under elevated temperature and CO2 concentration Different letters mean significant differences at P < 0.05, error bars represent standard error of three replicates, the same below"

Fig.3

Invalid tiller number of double cropping rice under elevated temperature and CO2 concentration"

Fig.4

Effects of elevated temperature and CO2 concentration on productive ear number, earbearing tiller rate, and yield of double cropping rice"

Fig.5

Structural equation models for the plausible effects of maximum tiller number and earbearing tiller rate on yield of double cropping rice under elevated temperature and CO2 concentration Red and blue arrows show positive and negative effects, respectively. The solid line indicates that the influence has passed the significance test (P < 0.05), and the dotted line indicates that there is no significant influence. The numbers next to the arrows is the standardized path coefficient, and the numbers next to the boxes in bold is the proportion of the variable that can be explained by the SEM model. The data used in the model are from 2013 to 2016 (n=48)"

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