Crops ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (3): 167-174.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2023.03.023

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Yield Advantage and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Forage Maize-Rape Intercropping Following Wheat in Tumed Plain

Chang Qing(), Li Lijun(), Qu Jiahui, Zhang Yanli, Han Dongyu, Zhao Xinyao   

  1. Agricultural College of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, Inner Mongolia, China
  • Received:2021-09-22 Revised:2022-01-16 Online:2023-06-15 Published:2023-06-16

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Abstract:

In order to explore the effects of forage maize-rape intercropping model and nitrogen application level on forage yield and nitrogen absorption and utilization, and to clarify the yield advantages of forage maize-rape intercropping and the characteristics of nitrogen absorption and utilization of crops, forage maize Yidan 76 and forage rape Siyou 2 were used as materials in 2019 and 2020. Fertilization factors included no nitrogen application (N0), 120kg/ha (N1) and 210kg/ha (N2) fertilization levels. The results showed that forage maize-rape intercropping had yield advantage, and the land equivalent ratio was 1.08 to 1.14. Forage maize played a leading role in the competition in intercropping at harvest stage, and the addition of nitrogen fertilizer strengthened this advantage. Fertilization increased the nitrogen uptake of intercropping, and the nitrogen use efficiency of intercropping was significantly higher than that of monoculture. Although the yield and nitrogen uptake of intercropping were the highest under N2 treatment, except for the nitrogen use efficiency of the intercropping system in 2019, the partial nitrogen productivity and nitrogen use efficiency of the system under N1 treatment were higher than those of N2 treatment, and the Amo and relative crowding coefficients (annual average were 0.092 and 1.160, respectively) were higher than those of N2 (annual average 0.062 and 1.019). Therefore, based on the analysis of forage yield and nitrogen utilization rate, 120kg/ha nitrogen application rate was suitable for the planting of forage rape and maize in Tumed Plain of Inner Mongolia, so as to improve yield and reduce ineffective nitrogen input.

Key words: Forage maize, Forage rape, N application, Nitrogen absorption and utilization

Table 1

2019-2020 biological yield of intercropped maize and rape under different nitrogen levels t/hm2"

处理
Treatment		 2019 2020
鲜草产量Fresh grass yield 干草产量Hay yield 鲜草产量Fresh grass yield 干草产量Hay yield
N0IM 63.74±2.88cd 8.18±0.15d 64.88±0.24d 8.23±0.15b
N0SM 57.15±7.44de 7.40±0.04e 58.19±0.61e 7.56±0.09bc
N0IO 47.54±11.06e 5.64±0.09e 36.48±2.93h 4.76±0.18e
N0SO 39.42±1.91f 5.11±0.37f 36.10±1.18h 4.50±0.07e
N1IM 79.40±2.56ab 10.97±0.32ab 79.90±0.18b 11.17±0.19a
N1SM 69.47±5.67bc 9.61±0.57c 68.40±1.10c 8.58±2.30b
N1IO 58.59±1.19de 8.04±0.09d 46.73±1.74fg 5.88±0.09de
N1SO 52.35±5.24de 7.12±0.06e 45.21±0.81g 5.31±0.58de
N2IM 87.05±9.62a 12.19±0.23a 86.14±1.15a 10.01±0.09a
N2SM 78.98±3.42ab 10.89±0.44b 77.88±4.29b 10.65±0.13a
N2IO 58.83±0.65de 9.57±0.09c 49.38±0.92f 6.92±0.14bcd
N2SO 55.07±4.17de 8.53±0.09d 48.76±0.87fg 6.31±0.26cde
施肥Fertilization
N0 51.93±5.90c 6.58±0.16c 48.91±1.24c 6.26±0.12c
N1 64.95±3.70b 8.94±0.26b 60.06±0.96b 7.74±0.79b
N2 70.00±4.58a 10.29±0.21a 65.54±1.80a 8.47±0.16a
种植模式Planting pattern
IM 76.70±5.00a 10.44±0.23a 76.97±0.53a 9.80±0.15a
SM 68.50±5.70b 9.29±0.35b 68.16±2.00b 8.93±0.84b
IO 54.97±4.30c 7.75±0.09c 44.20±1.86c 5.86±0.14c
SO 48.90±3.90d 6.92±0.17d 43.35±0.95c 5.37±0.30c
种植模式Planting pattern (P) 75.80** 515.77** 1423.03** 187.11**
施肥Fertilization (F) 54.72** 977.93** 470.86** 77.09**
P×F 1.40* 2.48ns 9.97** 3.68**

Fig.1

LER of intercropping crops under different treatments in 2019-2020 Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments (P < 0.05)"

Table 2

Nitrogen content and uptake rate of above-ground parts of intercropping crops under different nitrogen rates in 2019-2020"

处理
Treatment		 2019 2020
氮素含量
Nitrogen content (%)		 吸氮量
Nitrogen uptake rate (kg/hm2)		 氮素含量
Nitrogen content (%)		 吸氮量
Nitrogen uptake rate (kg/hm2)
N0IM 2.068±0.095f 169.137±5.305g 2.054±0.076c 167.740±7.657d
N0SM 1.862±0.159fg 137.896±12.476h 1.703±0.116de 128.056±7.514e
N0IO 1.615±0.090hi 82.432±8.029i 1.067±0.126g 51.152±6.936i
N0SO 1.477±0.094i 75.484±5.282j 1.278±0.181fg 58.009±8.740hi
N1IM 2.428±0.255ab 266.945±30.055b 2.512±0.226ab 279.822±20.988b
N1SM 2.141±0.499d 206.085±52.068e 2.011±0.279cd 193.248±21.709d
N1IO 2.000±0.072bc 136.884±7.061d 1.417±0.078ef 82.808±5.669gh
N1SO 1.792±0.125e 127.600±8.570f 1.598±0.162ef 84.959±10.494fgh
N2IM 2.616±0.245a 318.875±26.263a 2.715±0.118a 330.323±16.371a
N2SM 2.291±0.279cd 247.585±16.432c 2.251±0.247bc 240.672±23.840c
N2IO 2.110±0.200cd 172.978±9.143d 1.610±0.311ef 112.048±24.737ef
N2SO 1.896±0.175e 161.671±13.910f 1.621±0.130ef 99.567±10.161fg
施肥Fertilization
N0 1.716±0.124b 116.237±7.773c 1.525±0.125c 101.239±7.712c
N1 2.015±0.247a 184.378±24.438b 1.884±0.186b 160.209±14.715b
N2 2.153±0.204a 225.277±16.437a 2.049±0.202a 195.653±18.777a
种植模式Planting pattern
IM 2.371±0.198a 251.652±20.541a 2.427±0.140a 259.295±15.006a
SM 2.098±0.312b 197.189±26.992b 1.988±0.214b 187.325±12.448b
IO 1.656±0.124bc 130.765±8.078c 1.364±0.172c 82.003±9.799c
种植模式Planting pattern (P) 20.637** 76.977** 60.923** 179.335**
施肥Fertilization (F) 12.218** 82.102** 24.706** 72.850**
P×F 0.109ns 1.938ns 0.451ns 7.685**

Table 3

Amo and RCC of intercropping system under different nitrogen rates in 2019-2020"

处理
Treatment		 Amo RCC
2019 2020 2019 2020
N0 -0.076 0.104 0.998 1.029
N1 0.049 0.135 1.014 1.306
N2 0.027 0.096 1.000 1.038

Table 4

Nitrogen utilization of intercropping crops under different treatments in 2019-2020"

处理
Treatment		 2019 2020
氮肥农学效率
AEN (kg/kg)		 氮肥偏生产力
PFPN (kg/kg)		 氮肥利用率
NER (%)		 氮肥农学效率
AEN (kg/kg)		 氮肥偏生产力
PFPN (kg/kg)		 氮肥利用率
NER (%)
N1IM 60.01±18.48 42.03±1.21a 37.49±13.37 57.55±1.18a 42.83±0.74a 42.96±10.73a
N1SM 47.25±44.91 36.82±2.17b 26.14±24.11 39.15±3.65bc 32.89±8.81b 24.99±11.00b
N1IO 42.34±39.37 30.83±0.34c 20.87±5.66 39.27±14.41bcd 22.55±0.34cd 12.13±4.74c
N1SO 49.55±16.45 27.30±0.22d 19.98±3.96 34.91±7.07bcd 20.35±2.22de 10.33±3.62c
N2IM 51.05±19.39 26.69±0.50d 32.80±5.33 46.57±2.31ab 26.56±0.20bc 35.61±3.89a
N2SM 47.82±15.04 23.84±0.96e 24.03±3.21 43.13±9.18ab 23.32±0.28cd 24.67±4.48b
N2IO 24.72±24.51 20.95±0.20f 7.91±0.46 28.26±7.78cd 15.17±0.32ef 13.34±3.98c
N2SO 34.27±9.88 18.69±0.20g 7.46±1.17 27.74±1.88d 13.82±0.57f 9.10±0.71cd
施肥Fertilization
N1 54.23±5.39a 36.01±5.95a 28.89±5.36a 44.64±8.23a 32.44±5.54a 26.47±9.57a
N2 44.65±3.44a 30.66±4.28b 25.48±7.54a 39.29±4.52b 21.49±1.40b 23.90±8.36a
种植方式Planting pattern
单作Monoculture 45.68±6.19a 35.73±5.54b 22.83±1.97a 37.90±4.57b 24.47±5.98b 19.84±4.40b
间作Intercrop 53.30±5.77a 38.34±1.58a 31.53±3.68a 46.02±6.83a 29.47±7.04a 30.53±6.25a
种植方式Planting pattern (P) 1.255ns 262.899** 7.412** 16.276** 64.883** 34.191**
施肥Fertilization (F) 30.242** 9590.981** 41.860** 299.515** 653.263** 97.800**
P×F 0.495ns 83.975** 2.412ns 5.836** 19.703** 9.860**
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