Crops ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (4): 110-117.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2023.04.017

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Screening of High and Stable Yield Maize Varieties Suitable for Grain Mechanical Harvesting in Different Ecological Areas of the Huaibei Region

Zheng Fei1(), Chen Jing1, Cui Yakun1, Kong Lingjie1, Meng Qingchang1, Li Jie2, Liu Ruixiang1, Zhang Meijing1, Zhao Wenming1, Chen Yanping1()   

  1. 1Institute of Food Crop,Jiangsu Academy of Agaricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China
    2Jurong Suke Fresh Maize Research Co.,Ltd., Zhenjiang 212000, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2022-03-01 Revised:2022-07-27 Online:2023-08-15 Published:2023-08-15

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Abstract:

The purpose of this study was to screen out grain mechanical harvesting, promoting the application of maize mechanized grain harvesting technology, which was scaling up new suitable varieties in Huaibei area. With nine summer maize varietiesin different ecological areas of the Huaibei, the screeningexperiments of mechanical kernel harvest were carried out in five different typical ecotype locations in 2020. The growth period, grain moisture content, grain breaking rate, yield, lodging and breaking rate and stem rot incidence of different varieties were determined and analyzed. With the average yield of varieties and the average grain breaking rate during harvest period as the indexes, the bidirectional average mapping method was used to comprehensively evaluate the high yield, stable yield and regional adaptability of each variety,the variety Sukeyu206 with high and stable yield, widely adaptation, dense planting resistance, lodging and discount resistance,fast-dehydrated was selected, which was suitable for mechanical kernel harvest inHuaibei area.

Key words: Maize, Huaibei area, Yielding ability, Yield stability, Mechanical kernel harvest

Table 1

Statistical results of parameters of various varieties"

品种
Variety		 籽粒含水率
Grain moisture
content (%)		 倒伏倒折率
Lodging and
breaking rate (%)		 籽粒破碎率
Grain broken
rate (%)		 均产
Average
yield
(kg/hm2)		 较CK1增产
Increased yield
compared with
CK1 (±%)		 较CK2增产
Increased yield
compared with
CK2 (±%)		 高稳系数
High stability
coefficient (%)
苏科玉206Sukeyu206 26.74±1.60 4.61±4.36 5.06±1.23 8379.1Aa 11.65 22.42 91.50
郑单958Zhengdan958(CK1) 29.35±1.71 8.44±8.94 10.58±3.55 7505.1Bb － 9.65 77.96
苏玉39Suyu39 32.06±1.13 12.97±14.19 15.49±3.02 7451.6Bb -0.71 8.87 73.86
苏科玉1417Sukeyu1417 30.57±2.25 14.22±12.65 11.77±3.45 7313.2BCb -2.56 6.85 70.96
迪卡517Dika517 25.76±1.07 9.96±8.09 3.64±1.15 7207.1BCbc -3.97 5.30 78.56
苏玉29Suyu29 31.51±1.18 14.66±15.87 13.63±3.68 7134.4BCDbc -4.94 4.23 68.54
先玉335Xianyu335(CK2) 28.11±1.88 14.12±11.45 6.98±1.96 6844.5CDEcd -8.80 － 65.44
苏玉41Suyu41 31.64±1.32 26.44±15.75 14.44±4.25 6610.4DEde -11.92 -3.42 60.47
苏玉10号Suyu10 26.38±1.36 17.62±13.29 5.71±1.46 6379.7Ee -14.99 -6.79 64.38

Table 2

Analysis of yielding ability and yield stability of various varieties"

品种
Variety		 丰产性参数
Yielding parameter		 稳定性参数
Stability coefficient		 回归系数
Regression
coefficient		 变异系数
Variation
coefficient
(%)		 适应地区
Adaptive
area		 综合评价
Comprehensive
assessment
产量
Yield (kg/hm2)		 离差
Deviation		 方差
Variance		 变异度
Variation degree
苏科玉206Sukeyu206 8379.11 1176.31 267436.51 6.17 0.65 9.85 E1~E5 很好
郑单958Zhengdan958 (CK1) 7505.09 302.29 403488.82 8.46 0.79 14.24 E1~E5 较好
苏玉39Suyu39 7451.63 248.83 393573.10 8.42 1.13 18.17 E1~E5 较好
苏科玉1417Sukeyu1417 7313.25 110.45 227251.11 6.52 1.27 19.89 E1~E5 较好
迪卡517Dika517 7207.11 4.31 642054.50 11.12 0.44 10.01 E3，E4 一般
苏玉29Suyu29 7134.39 -68.41 220824.03 6.59 1.35 20.69 E1~E5 一般
先玉335Xianyu335(CK2) 6844.54 -358.26 392585.51 9.15 1.19 21.07 E1~E5 一般
苏玉41Suyu41 6610.36 -592.44 814073.59 13.65 1.29 24.48 E2，E5 不好
苏玉10号Suyu10 6379.72 -823.08 234257.94 7.59 0.88 16.69 E1~E5 较差

Table 3

AMMI model analysis for yields of various varieties"

变异来源
Source of variation		 自由度
df		 离均差平方和
Sum of squares of mean deviation		 均方
Mean square		 F值
F value		 占总变异平方和比例
Percentage of total variance
sum ofsquares (%)
总变异Total variation 89 155869938.90 1751347.63
处理Treatment 44 144163345.29 3276439.67 12.59**
基因型Genotype 8 27107077.19 3388384.65 13.02** 17.39
环境Environment 4 88291907.22 22072976.80 84.85** 56.64
交互作用Interaction 32 28764360.89 898886.28 3.46** 18.45
PCA1 11 17641465.06 1603769.55 9.16** 61.33
PCA2 9 7355488.26 817276.47 4.67** 25.57
PCA3 7 2892381.72 413197.39 2.36**
残差Residual error 5 875025.85 175005.17
误差Error 45 11706593.62 260146.52

Fig.1

The double-axes diagram of AMMI model analysis for the yields of varieties"

Table 4

Correlation analysis of grain quality of mechanical kernel harvest"

指标
Index		 籽粒含水率
Grain moisture
content		 产量
Yield		 生育期
Growth
period		 籽粒破碎率
Grain broken
rate		 倒伏倒折率
Lodging and
breaking rate		 茎腐病发病率
Incidence
ofstem rot
籽粒含水率Grainmoisture content 1.00
产量Yield -0.08 1.00
生育期Growth period 0.89** 0.02 1.00
籽粒破碎率Grain broken rate 0.99** -0.11 0.87** 1.00
倒伏倒折率Lodgingand breaking rate 0.45 -0.82** 0.39 0.48 1.00
茎腐病发病率Incidence of stem rot -0.65* -0.37 -0.67* -0.69* 0.08 1.00

Fig.2

The relationship between the grain moisture content and grain broken rate"

Fig.3

The relationship between the grain moisture content and growthperiod"

Fig.4

The relationship between the incidence of stem rot and lodging and breaking rate"

Fig.5

The diagram of two-way average method with grain broken rate and yield at experiment locations"

Table 5

Survey results of parameters ofthe nine varieties"

地点
Location		 品种
Variety		 籽粒破碎率
Grain broken
rate (%)		 籽粒含水率
Grain moisture
content (%)		 均产
Average yield
(kg/hm2)		 茎腐病发病率
Incidence of
stem rot (%)		 倒伏倒折率
Lodging and
breaking rate (%)		 生育期
Growth
period (d)
E1 苏科玉206 4.16±0.62 26.35±0.15 9078.09±364.63 2.65±1.15 2.85±1.35 102
郑单958(CK1) 11.11±1.00 27.95±0.95 7682.57±463.85 4.20±0.40 8.25±0.35 103
苏玉39 17.05±1.85 31.45±0.35 8773.99±363.03 2.40±0.30 6.55±3.05 107
苏科玉1417 8.35±1.43 28.40±0.50 8380.75±421.52 7.50±2.30 10.15±2.45 103
迪卡517 3.07±0.26 25.60±0.50 7945.39±222.51 2.85±0.25 3.20±0.10 100
苏玉29 7.51±0.90 30.10±1.00 7874.08±514.85 2.60±2.00 5.95±0.85 107
先玉335(CK2) 6.00±0.61 27.30±0.20 8136.16±205.95 6.35±0.95 9.40±1.80 104
苏玉41 9.24±0.81 30.40±0.10 6457.50±347.95 0.95±0.95 27.90±2.50 106
苏玉10号 5.96±1.12 26.75±1.15 7180.36±273.37 8.85±1.95 22.90±2.50 100
E2 苏科玉206 7.20±0.50 29.00±0.50 8683.50±421.50 0.00±0.00 0.00±0.00 102
郑单958(CK1) 13.64±0.54 30.55±0.55 7382.71±381.21 0.00±0.00 0.00±0.00 104
苏玉39 18.35±1.85 32.55±0.25 7906.78±233.72 0.00±0.00 0.00±0.00 108
苏科玉1417 16.89±4.00 33.30±0.60 8082.59±778.59 2.85±2.85 2.85±2.85 105
迪卡517 4.00±0.80 26.75±0.35 7351.51±182.51 0.60±0.60 0.60±0.60 100
苏玉29 14.64±1.03 32.40±0.30 8239.03±221.53 0.60±0.60 2.45±2.45 108
先玉335(CK2) 9.00±0.70 29.95±0.55 8188.31±426.81 0.60±0.60 1.40±0.80 105
苏玉41 20.50±4.90 33.50±1.00 7729.32±623.82 1.20±0.00 10.40±4.80 109
苏玉10号 6.70±0.60 26.75±0.15 6731.20±339.80 0.00±0.00 0.00±0.00 99
E3 苏科玉206 4.95±2.85 27.50±1.00 8608.21±319.68 5.55±0.65 5.95±1.25 105
郑单958(CK1) 14.30±1.80 31.55±0.75 7878.07±491.54 4.70±1.60 8.20±1.60 105
苏玉39 17.40±2.80 33.80±1.00 6049.90±394.07 3.85±0.65 22.75±2.85 110
苏科玉1417 13.14±2.26 32.15±0.75 6186.75±100.16 9.65±0.95 23.00±2.50 105
迪卡517 5.50±1.90 26.95±0.15 7662.27±355.92 6.40±1.90 10.70±2.10 102
苏玉29 17.11±5.51 32.35±1.75 6326.62±331.91 6.30±1.00 22.55±4.85 110
先玉335(CK2) 9.20±1.00 30.30±0.90 6280.39±523.76 16.37±2.56 18.50±3.50 105
苏玉41 16.48±1.92 32.55±0.95 5564.35±416.16 3.35±0.45 35.75±3.15 110
苏玉10号 7.30±0.80 28.10±0.50 6786.79±131.47 8.59±1.99 12.85±3.55 101
E4 苏科玉206 4.35±0.45 24.75±0.65 6993.98±251.07 7.35±0.45 11.45±0.75 105
郑单958(CK1) 6.70±0.60 27.50±0.30 5850.19±284.33 4.30±1.20 23.10±5.50 106
苏玉39 13.35±1.05 31.50±0.80 5887.28±270.07 2.70±1.60 32.85±5.15 109
苏科玉1417 9.00±1.40 28.20±0.60 5345.06±357.10 7.70±0.20 31.60±1.90 103
迪卡517 2.75±0.65 24.50±0.80 6127.29±262.22 16.85±2.35 19.85±1.45 104
苏玉29 13.36±3.26 30.35±1.25 4840.15±180.39 8.55±1.05 39.00±1.30 110
先玉335(CK2) 5.50±0.30 26.30±0.30 4713.60±320.77 9.00±1.00 31.50±3.50 108
苏玉41 12.75±1.65 30.80±0.80 4572.98±74.31 4.85±0.75 46.85±2.05 110
苏玉10号 5.00±0.10 25.90±0.40 4475.48±289.36 6.80±1.00 36.15±6.15 101
E5 苏科玉206 4.65±0.15 26.10±0.70 8531.78±107.99 4.40±1.20 2.80±2.80 105
郑单958(CK1) 7.15±1.05 29.20±0.00 8731.93±175.10 4.25±1.55 2.65±0.85 105
苏玉39 11.30±1.00 31.00±0.70 8640.20±232.86 2.70±1.40 2.70±1.40 109
苏科玉1417 11.50±1.10 30.80±1.00 8571.06±384.54 3.40±1.00 3.50±1.10 105
迪卡517 2.90±0.50 25.00±0.70 6949.09±242.74 13.50±1.00 15.45±2.95 102
苏玉29 15.56±1.05 32.35±0.25 8392.04±294.85 3.80±3.80 3.35±3.35 109
先玉335(CK2) 5.20±0.00 26.70±0.70 6904.24±648.12 8.45±1.65 9.80±3.00 105
苏玉41 13.25±1.15 30.95±0.75 8727.63±309.10 1.70±1.10 11.30±3.50 109
苏玉10号 3.60±1.50 24.40±0.10 6724.74±368.12 11.60±0.90 16.20±3.40 102
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