Crops ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (4): 118-125.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2023.04.018

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Short-Term Changes of Soil Characteristics and Rice Yield of Reclaimed Rice in Tidal Flat Aquaculture Ponds

Zhang Jiao1(), Chen Pengjun2, Chen Yan3, Han Jijun2, Cui Shiyou1()   

  1. 1Jiangsu Yanjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Nantong 226012, Jiangsu, China
    2Jiangsu Geological Bureau/Coastal Saline-Alkali Land Ecological Rehabilitation and Sustainable Utilization Technology Innovation Center, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing 210007, Jiangsu, China
    3Rudong County Natural Resources and Planning Bureau, Rudong 226400, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2022-02-19 Revised:2022-05-30 Online:2023-08-15 Published:2023-08-15

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Abstract:

To investigate the effects of rice cultivation on the short-term changes of soil characteristics and rice yield performance in the reclamation area of tidal flat aquaculture, a field experiment including 0 year’s field derived from the adjacent reclaimed land (CK, 0Y), one year’s field (1Y), two years’ field (2Y) and three years’ field (3Y) for planting rice were conducted in the reclamation area of tidal flat aquaculture. The results showed thatin the 0-20cm surface layer, soil EC, pH, porosity, NH4+, NO3?, available K and water-soluble soil organic carbon (WSOC)/soil organic carbon (SOC) showed the decreasing trend, while soil bulk density, SOC, total nitrogen, WSOC and C/N showed the increasing trend. In the 20-40cm soil layer, EC, NH4+, NO3?, SOC, total nitrogen, WSOC, WSOC/SOC and C/N showed similar trends as in the 0-20cm soil layer. In 0-20cm soil layer, SOC, WSOC, available P and C/N increased, while available K and WSOC/SOC decreased with the increase of planting years. Meanwhile, compared with those in 0Y plots, the SOC concentration in 1Y, 2Y and 3Y plots were increased by 32.18%, 34.67% and111.03%, the WSOC concentration were increased by 15.90%, 11.82% and 22.72%, respectively. And 3Y plots were significantly higher than those in 1Y and 2Y plots. Rice yield in 2Y and 3Y plots increased by 26.33% and 42.89% compared with 1Y plots (P< 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that rice yield was significantly positively correlated with grain number per panicle (P< 0.01). Therefore, we concluded that cultivation of reclaimed rice in the short term could improve the soil quality, especially the contents of organic carbon and water-soluble organic carbon. Meanwhile, the increase of grain number per panicle was the main reason for the increase of rice yield in tidal flat.

Key words: Mariculture pond, Rice cultivation in tidal flats, Rice, Reclamation of tidal flats, Soil improvement

Fig.1

Effects of rice planting on soil pH and EC in tidal flat aquaculture reclamation area Different lowercase letters indicate that the same depth of the soil layer is significantly different at the 5% level, the same below"

Table 1

Effects of rice planting on surface soil bulk density, porosity and texture in tidal flat aquaculture reclamation area"

处理
Treatment		 容重
Bulk density(g/cm3)		 孔隙度
Porosity (%)		 土壤颗粒组成Soil particle composition (%)
砂粒Sand 粉粒Silt 黏粒Clay
0Y 1.36±0.02b 48.62±0.88a 9.14±0.50a 80.65±0.29a 10.22±0.59a
1Y 1.42±0.01a 46.60±0.55b 9.74±1.55a 79.08±1.11a 11.19±0.64a
2Y 1.43±0.02a 45.89±0.84b 9.69±1.00a 79.10±2.14a 11.21±1.22a
3Y 1.43±0.02a 45.92±0.61b 9.30±1.37a 79.60±1.70a 11.10±0.99a

Table 2

Effects of rice planting on N, P and K contents in tidal flat aquaculture reclamation area"

土层
Soil layer		 处理
Treatment		 总氮
Total N(g/kg)		 铵态氮
Ammonium N(mg/kg)		 硝态氮
Nitrate N(mg/kg)		 速效钾
Available K(mg/kg)		 有效磷
Available P(mg/kg)
0~20cm 0Y 0.62±0.03b 19.57±3.47a 2.95±0.19a 661.13±41.06a 11.37±2.76b
1Y 0.65±0.03ab 15.70±3.01b 2.62±0.25ab 491.25±39.82b 10.90±1.77b
2Y 0.65±0.04ab 14.32±1.15b 2.38±0.36b 363.24±24.36c 11.75±2.17b
3Y 0.70±0.04a 14.86±1.83b 2.58±0.11b 383.42±25.66c 20.43±2.79a
20~40cm 0Y 0.58±0.04a 28.50±1.06a 2.73±0.10a 598.85±34.65a 6.45±1.18b
1Y 0.57±0.05a 17.36±3.17b 2.47±0.13ab 600.37±62.49a 7.77±1.00b
2Y 0.59±0.03a 15.85±0.85b 2.42±0.10ab 510.88±42.89b 7.78±1.26b
3Y 0.55±0.06a 16.10±2.32b 2.59±0.19b 504.67±52.76b 14.57±3.11a

Fig.2

Effects of rice planting on SOC and WSOC in reclamation area of tidal flat aquaculture"

Fig.3Effe

cts of rice planting on soil C/N and WSOC/SOC in tidal flat aquaculture reclamation area"

Table 3

Comparison of rice yield and its components in different planting years of tidal flat aquaculture reclamation area"

指标
Index		 种植年限Planting year
1Y 2Y 3Y
穗数
Number of panicles
(×105/hm2)		 31.0±0.6a 31.3±1.7a 32.3±1.5a
穗粒数
Grains number per
panicle		 103.0±5.3c 122.8±5.4b 136.1±7.7a
结实率
Seed setting rate(%)		 84.9±1.6a 82.3±1.9a 83.6±2.0a
千粒重
1000-grain weight(g)		 21.3±0.6b 22.0±0.8ab 23.1±0.7a
实际产量
Actual yield (kg/hm2)		 5224.2±231.1c 6599.5±299.4b 7464.7±196.0a
理论产量
Theoretical yield
(kg/hm2)		 5800.6±275.6c 6907.3±335.6b 8481.2±717.8a

Fig.4

Correlations between rice yield and grains number per panicle in rice cultivation of tidal flat aquaculture reclamation area “**”indicates extremelysignificant correlation at P< 0.01 level"

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