减氮并调整氮肥运筹模式对常规粳稻产量及稻米品质的影响

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2023.05.019

Abstract

Abstract:

Conventional japonica varieties Nanjing 9108 and Nanjing 5718 were used as tested materials and the conventional nitrogen application mode (nitrogen application amount was 270kg/ha, the ratio of basic-tiller fertilizer to panicle fertilizer was 7:3) as the control, six different nitrogen fertilization patterns (the ratio of basic-tiller fertilizer to panicle fertilizer was 7:3 (T1), 6:4 (T2), 5:5 (T3), 4:6 (T4), 3:7 (T5), 2:8 (T6), respectively) were set under reduced nitrogen (225kg/ha) to study the effects of adjusting nitrogen fertilization patterns on grain yield and rice quality of conventional japonica rice. The results showed that the number of effective panicles and spikelets per panicle decreased significantly when nitrogen fertilizer was reduced and the amount of basic-tiller fertilizer was reduced. However, increasing the amount of panicle fertilizer could significantly increase the filled grain rate and 1000-grain weight under nitrogen reduction, and there was no significant difference between T2, T3 and CK treatments in grain yield. Compared with CK, with increasing the amount of panicle fertilizer under nitrogen reduction, head milled rice rate, grain length and width, chalky kernel rate, chalky area, chalkiness degree, protein content, setback, consistence value, and pasting temperature all showed an increasing trend, while amylose content, taste value, peak viscosity, hot paste viscosity, breakdown and final viscosity showed a decreasing trend. The taste value of T4, T5 and T6 of Nanjing 5718 and T6 of Nanjing 9108 were significantly lower than that of CK. In conclusion, nitrogen reduction and adjustment of nitrogen fertilizer patterns had significant effects on grain yield and rice quality of conventional japonica rice. T2 and T3 of nitrogen reduction treatments could achieve nitrogen reduction without yield reduction and give consideration to rice quality.

Key words: Reduction of nitrogen, Nitrogen pattern, Yield, Quality, Japonica rice

Liu Qiuyuan, Li Meng, Gao Yangguang, Shi Mengyu, Wei Yunfei, Ji Xin, Li Li, Liu Yali, Wang Fujuan. Effects of Different Nitrogen Fertilization Patterns on Yield and Quality of Conventional Japonica Rice under Reduced Nitrogen[J].Crops, 2023, 39(5): 131-137.

Figures/Tables 6

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品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	有效穗数 Effective panicles (×10⁴/hm²)	穗粒数 Spikelets per panicle	结实率 Seed-setting rate (%)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	产量 Yield (t/hm²)
南粳5718 Nanjing 5718	T1	257.33b	144.38a	89.66b	30.77c	9.63b
南粳5718 Nanjing 5718	T2	254.67b	141.00a	90.76b	31.60b	9.85ab
	T3	250.67b	140.08a	92.46a	32.41a	10.08a
	T4	240.78c	133.59b	92.80a	32.28a	9.35c
	T5	239.11c	127.03c	91.80ab	32.60a	8.99d
	T6	232.89c	126.79c	91.90ab	32.46a	8.68e
	CK	270.78a	143.93a	90.30b	30.21d	10.14a
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	T1	334.80b	122.74ab	90.81b	25.63b	9.32b
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	T2	326.90c	122.13ab	91.41b	26.28a	9.47b
	T3	322.30cd	121.78ab	93.52a	26.72a	9.74a
	T4	316.67d	115.21bc	93.84a	26.44a	8.62c
	T5	315.00d	112.09c	92.90a	26.56a	8.43cd
	T6	305.83e	109.27c	93.76a	26.82a	8.17d
	CK	351.60a	125.67a	91.14b	25.28b	9.82a
方差分析Analysis of variance
品种Variety (V)		3169.58^**	128.57^**	9.76^**	5619.43^**	88.91^**
氮肥处理Nitrogen treatment (N)		61.83^**	10.29^**	6.98^**	60.17^**	92.30^**
品种×氮肥处理V×N		0.86ns	0.2ns	0.16ns	4.21^**	1.54ns

品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	糙米率 Brown rice rate	精米率 Milled rice rate	整精米率 Head milled rice rate
南粳5718 Nanjing 5718	T1	84.49a	70.04a	50.00b
南粳5718 Nanjing 5718	T2	85.25a	71.81a	50.31b
	T3	84.44a	70.63a	50.75b
	T4	84.65a	70.73a	52.33b
	T5	84.86a	71.31a	52.53b
	T6	84.58a	70.93a	54.74a
	CK	84.54a	71.44a	51.03b
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	T1	84.97a	75.20a	66.00d
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	T2	85.18a	75.24a	67.38cd
	T3	84.73a	74.95a	69.55b
	T4	85.15a	75.64a	69.63b
	T5	85.01a	74.90a	69.67b
	T6	85.34a	75.53a	72.73a
	CK	85.04a	75.41a	68.66bc
方差分析Analysis of variance
品种Variety (V)		45.51^**	925.23^**	1988.19^**
氮肥处理Nitrogen treatment (N)		1.75ns	1.32ns	3.77^**
品种×氮肥处理V×N		3.57^*	3.08^*	0.71ns

品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	粒长 Length of grain (mm)	粒宽 Width of grain (mm)	长宽比 Length/width	垩白粒率 Chalky kernel rate (%)	垩白大小 Chalky area (%)	垩白度 Chalkiness degree (%)
南粳5718 Nanjing 5718	T1	4.94b	3.02ab	1.64ab	33.64c	39.56b	13.31c
南粳5718 Nanjing 5718	T2	4.95b	3.02ab	1.64ab	35.64c	38.28b	13.64c
	T3	5.00a	3.05a	1.65ab	40.58b	37.87b	15.37bc
	T4	4.97ab	3.03ab	1.65ab	41.19b	39.52b	16.28b
	T5	4.98a	3.03ab	1.65ab	47.03a	41.94a	19.72a
	T6	4.99a	3.01ab	1.66a	48.35a	41.76a	20.18a
	CK	4.90c	3.00b	1.63b	34.85c	38.46b	13.40c
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	T1	4.64b	2.75d	1.70a	42.25a	31.87a	13.46bc
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	T2	4.64b	2.80c	1.66c	42.40a	31.06a	13.17bc
	T3	4.71a	2.82b	1.67cd	44.63a	33.89a	15.10abc
	T4	4.70a	2.78cd	1.68b	46.14a	29.07a	13.98bc
	T5	4.71a	2.79c	1.70a	47.95a	32.58a	15.59ab
	T6	4.72a	2.86a	1.66c	48.78a	34.10a	16.60a
	CK	4.55c	2.72d	1.69ab	42.20a	30.76a	12.98c
方差分析Analysis of variance
品种Variety (V)		9288.93^**	3493.93^**	240.05^**	35.24^**	485.42^**	22.58^**
氮肥处理Nitrogen treatment (N)		128.59^**	23.82^**	4.60^**	16.79^**	8.03^**	23.22^**
品种×氮肥处理V×N		12.25^**	14.69^**	10.60^**	2.24ns	3.72^**	3.98^**

品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	直链淀粉含量 Amylose content (%)	蛋白质含量 Protein content (%)	食味品质Eating quality
品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	直链淀粉含量 Amylose content (%)	蛋白质含量 Protein content (%)	外观 Appearance	硬度 Hardness	黏度 Viscosity	平衡度 Balance degree	食味值 Taste value
南粳5718 Nanjing 5718	T1	8.68a	9.74c	5.11a	7.59c	6.19a	5.19a	61.47a
南粳5718 Nanjing 5718	T2	8.05b	9.75c	4.57b	7.87b	5.62b	4.66bc	57.99bc
	T3	8.00b	10.13b	4.64b	7.71bc	5.52b	4.72bc	58.30bc
	T4	7.69b	10.24b	4.46b	7.82bc	5.37b	4.50c	57.06c
	T5	7.89b	10.47a	3.83c	8.09a	4.53c	3.80d	52.63d
	T6	7.78b	10.49a	4.09c	7.94ab	4.83c	4.09d	54.28d
	CK	8.81a	9.80c	4.88ab	7.81bc	6.10a	4.97ab	60.04ab
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	T1	9.66a	9.35d	5.81a	7.24b	6.64a	5.83a	65.38a
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	T2	7.74b	9.65c	5.64ab	7.24b	6.41ab	5.69ab	64.52ab
	T3	6.76c	9.77b	5.51ab	7.38ab	6.30ab	5.51ab	63.34ab
	T4	6.88c	9.81b	5.38b	7.37ab	6.03bc	5.37bc	62.42bc
	T5	6.91c	9.89b	5.33b	7.37ab	6.01bc	5.33bc	62.21bc
	T6	7.13c	10.10a	5.03c	7.47a	5.70c	5.07c	60.40c
	CK	9.91a	9.55c	5.52ab	7.34ab	6.28ab	5.56ab	63.42ab
方差分析Analysis of variance
品种Variety (V)		10.50^**	149.61^**	343.67^**	352.66^**	120.74^**	286.90^**	271.44^**
氮肥处理Nitrogen treatment (N)		64.04^**	52.13^**	23.22^**	9.27^**	24.17^**	23.87^**	24.10^**
品种×氮肥处理V×N		17.76^**	3.70^**	4.37^**	4.17^**	5.04^**	4.83^**	4.97^**

品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	峰值黏度 Peak viscosity (cP)	热浆黏度 Hot paste viscosity (cP)	崩解值 Breakdown (cP)	最终黏度 Final viscosity (cP)	消减值 Setback (cP)	回复值 Consistence value (cP)	糊化温度 Pasting temperature (℃)
南粳5718 Nanjing 5718	T1	2962.00a	1756.67a	1205.33a	2215.33ab	-746.67b	458.67a	75.73a
南粳5718 Nanjing 5718	T2	2862.33b	1654.67b	1207.67a	2113.00cd	-749.33b	458.33a	75.73a
	T3	2858.67b	1676.33b	1182.33a	2156.67bc	-702.00ab	480.33a	75.43a
	T4	2825.00b	1675.00b	1150.00ab	2134.33cd	-690.67ab	459.33a	76.25a
	T5	2694.00c	1577.33c	1116.67b	2069.00de	-625.00ab	491.67a	76.10a
	T6	2642.33c	1570.33c	1072.00b	2040.00e	-602.33a	469.67a	76.27a
	CK	2956.33a	1758.33a	1198.00a	2235.67a	-720.67ab	477.33a	74.92a
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	T1	2177.00b	1441.33a	735.67ab	2020.33a	-156.67ab	579.00a	75.00a
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	T2	2160.00bc	1433.00ab	727.00ab	2029.00a	-131.00ab	596.00a	74.88a
	T3	2128.67bc	1407.00ab	721.67ab	2041.00a	-87.67a	634.00a	75.18a
	T4	2079.00c	1409.33ab	669.67b	1969.00a	-110.00ab	559.67a	75.38a
	T5	2073.00c	1366.00b	707.00b	2010.33a	-62.67a	644.33a	75.20a
	T6	1982.33d	1304.00c	678.33b	1942.00a	-40.33a	638.00a	75.27a
	CK	2247.67a	1452.67a	795.00a	2022.67a	-225.00b	570.00a	74.92a
方差分析Analysis of variance
品种Variety (V)		4353.97^**	1005.53^**	1689.98^**	139.35^**	1428.10^**	126.69^**	13.84^**
氮肥处理Nitrogen treatment (N)		51.42^**	31.11^**	8.97^**	10.61^**	7.77^**	2.08ns	1.85ns
品种×氮肥处理V×N		3.68^**	3.06^*	1.85ns	3.90^**	1.06ns	0.85ns	0.66ns

Effects of Different Nitrogen Fertilization Patterns on Yield and Quality of Conventional Japonica Rice under Reduced Nitrogen

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