Crops ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (5): 152-158.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2024.05.022

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Effects of Controlled Irrigation and Fertilization on Growth, Yield and Quality of Japonica Rice in Cold Region

Li Hongliang1(), Sun Yuyou1, Wei Caiqiang1, Liu Dan2, Xie Zhong1, Cheng Dujuan1, Qu Jinling1, Song Ze1, Meng Xianghai1, Zhao Yuntong1, Shi Xinrui1   

  1. 1Mudanjiang Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Mudanjiang 157041, Heilongjiang, China
    2College of Biology and Agriculture, Zunyi Normal University, Zunyi 563006, Guizhou, China
  • Received:2023-03-02 Revised:2023-04-11 Online:2024-10-15 Published:2024-10-16

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Abstract:

Suijing 18, the main japonica rice variety in Heilongjiang, was used as experimental material. The effects of nitrogen application rate and proportion on yield and quality of japonica rice in cold region at different growth stages were studied by precise irrigation control. The results showed that the effects of nitrogen application rate and proportion on relative chlorophyll content, dry matter weight, yield and rice quality were different under W1 and W2 irrigation modes. When the application rate of nitrogen fertilizer was 140 kg/ha, and the application ratio of basal, tiller, spike and grain fertilizer was 4:3:2:1, the final dry matter weight of rice was the largest and the yield was the highest. The yield of rice under W1 and W2 irrigation modes were 9675.9 and 9722.2 kg/ha, respectively, and the taste score was 83 and 85, respectively. The results showed that regulating the total amount and proportion of nitrogen application was an effective measure to improve rice yield and quality under water-saving irrigation (6.0×103 m3/ha). At the same time, the interaction effects of nitrogen application rate and fertilizer ratio on rice yield, irrigation mode and nitrogen application rate on rice quality should be fully considered.

Key words: Control irrigation, Nitrogen fertilizer, Japonica rice, Yield, Quality

Table 1

Irrigation water quantity at different growth stages of rice m3/hm2"

处理
Treatment		 总量
Total		 泡田定额
Soaking
field quota		 返青期
Regreening
period		 分蘖期Tillering stage 拔节―孕穗期
Jointing-
booting stage		 抽穗―灌浆期
Heading-
filling stage		 黄熟期
Yellow
maturity
前期
Early stage		 中期
Middle stage		 末期
Late stage
W1 7500 1500 1次，600 1次，600 2次，1200 晒田 3次，1800 3次，1800 0
W2 6000 1500 1次，450 1次，450 2次，900 晒田 3次，1350 3次，1350 0

Fig.1

Leaf SPAD values at different growth stages of rice The same irrigation treatment, different uppercase and lowercase letters indicate significant differences at the 1% and 5% levels, respectively, the same below."

Fig.2

The aboveground dry matter weight at different growth stages of rice"

Table 2

Yield and its components of rice"

灌溉方式
Irrigation
method		 处理
Treatment		 株高
Plant height
(cm)		 穗长
Panicle
length (cm)		 有效穗数
Number of
panicles (/m2)		 穗粒数
Number of spikelets
per panicle		 结实率
Seed-setting
rate (%)		 千粒重
1000-grain
weight (g)		 小区产量
Plot yield
(kg)		 产量
Yield
(kg/hm2)		 比对照增产
Increase production
ratio (%)
W1 N0 93.3fE 14.6fF 199.8iH 87.3fF 92.5dC 28.6bAB 7.1jJ 3287.0jJ －
N1R1 100.5eD 17.0deDE 313.6hG 111.7eE 94.8bAB 28.5bAB 17.5hH 8101.9hH 146.5
N1R2 100.2eD 16.9eE 318.0gF 110.7eE 95.0bAB 28.4cB 17.2iI 7963.0iI 142.3
N1R3 100.5eD 17.1dCDE 312.3hG 115.7dD 95.7aA 28.7aA 18.0gG 8333.3gG 153.5
N2R1 104.2cdBC 17.4cBC 358.0bB 118.7cC 93.2cC 27.9dC 20.4bB 9444.4bB 187.3
N2R2 103.8dC 17.2cdCD 360.1aA 117.3cdCD 92.9cdC 27.9dC 19.8cC 9166.7cC 178.9
N2R3 104.5cB 17.4cBC 352.7cC 121.3bB 94.6bB 28.4cB 20.9aA 9675.9aA 194.4
N3R1 107.1abA 18.0aA 346.0fE 124.3aA 88.2eD 27.1fE 18.9eE 8750.0eE 166.2
N3R2 106.6bA 17.7bB 349.9dD 121.7bB 86.5fE 26.9gF 18.6fF 8611.1fF 162.0
N3R3 107.2aA 18.0aA 347.6eE 126.0aA 88.8eD 27.5eD 19.4dD 8981.5dD 173.2
W2 N0 95.3gF 14.8hG 195.0gF 88.7gF 92.5eD 28.6bB 7.2jJ 3333.3jJ －
N1R1 100.9eE 17.1fgF 306.8fE 116.7fE 95.0bB 28.9aA 17.6hH 8148.1hH 144.4
N1R2 100.4fE 17.0gF 307.7fE 116.0fE 94.7bcB 28.5bB 17.2iI 7963.0iI 138.9
N1R3 100.5fE 17.3efEF 307.5fE 118.7eD 96.9aA 28.9aA 18.1gG 8379.6gG 151.4
N2R1 104.5cdCD 17.7cdCD 350.0aA 122.7dC 94.3cBC 28.3cC 20.6bB 9537.0bB 186.1
N2R2 104.2dD 17.5deDE 342.9dC 121.7dC 93.7dC 28.2cC 19.9cC 9213.0cC 176.4
N2R3 104.9cC 17.9cC 346.0cB 125.0cB 94.2cBC 28.5bB 21.0aA 9722.2aA 191.7
N3R1 107.2aAB 18.7aAB 347.2bB 126.3bB 87.7gF 27.2eE 19.0eE 8796.3eE 163.9
N3R2 106.7bB 18.5bB 341.8eCD 125.0cB 87.3gF 27.2eE 18.7fF 8657.4fF 159.7
N3R3 107.5aA 18.8aA 340.8eD 128.3aA 88.9fE 27.7dD 19.7dD 9120.4dD 173.6

Table 3

Protein and amylose content and taste score of rice"

灌溉方式
Irrigation
method		 处理
Treatment		 蛋白质含量
Protein
content (%)		 直链淀粉含量
Amylose
content (%)		 食味评分
Taste
score
W1 N0 6.3hH 19.03aA 88aA
N1R1 6.7fF 18.07dD 83cC
N1R2 6.6fgFG 18.10cC 84cC
N1R3 6.5gG 18.23bB 85bB
N2R1 7.5dD 17.67gG 82dD
N2R2 7.3eE 17.72fF 82dD
N2R3 7.3eE 17.84eE 83cC
N3R1 8.3aA 17.03jJ 78gF
N3R2 8.2bB 17.14iI 79fF
N3R3 8.0cC 17.27hH 81eE
W2 N0 6.1gG 19.07aA 90aA
N1R1 6.5dDE 18.23cC 85cC
N1R2 6.4eEF 18.23cC 85cBC
N1R3 6.3fF 18.37bB 86bB
N2R1 6.7cC 18.08eD 83dE
N2R2 6.6cCD 18.11dD 84dDE
N2R3 6.5deE 18.24cC 85cCD
N3R1 7.4aA 17.66hG 82eF
N3R2 7.3bB 17.71gF 82eF
N3R3 7.3bB 17.82fE 83dE

Table 4

Interaction analysis of water and fertilizer factors on rice yield and quality"

性状
Trait		 变异来源
Sources of
variation		 平方和
Sum of
squares		 自由度
df		 均方
Mean
square		 F值
F-value		 P值
P-value
产量
Yield		 区组 0.8470 2 0.4235 61.8108 0.0001
W因子 0.1667 1 0.1667 24.3243 0.0001
N因子 73.6893 2 36.8446 5377.3243 0.0001
R因子 8.0459 2 4.0230 587.1351 0.0001
W×N 0.0411 2 0.0206 3.0000 0.0631
W×R 0.0311 2 0.0156 2.2703 0.1187
N×R 0.2252 4 0.0563 8.2162 0.0001
W×N×R 0.0444 4 0.0111 1.6216 0.1914
误差 0.2330 34 0.0069
总和 83.3237 53
品质
Quality		 区组 3.5926 2 1.7963 10.6387 0.0003
W因子 54.0000 1 54.0000 319.8194 0.0001
N因子 138.4815 2 69.2407 410.0839 0.0001
R因子 23.5926 2 11.7963 69.8645 0.0001
W×N 7.0000 2 3.5000 20.7290 0.0001
W×R 0.1111 2 0.0556 0.3290 0.7219
N×R 0.9630 4 0.2407 1.4258 0.2466
W×N×R 0.2222 4 0.0556 0.3290 0.8565
误差 5.7407 34 0.1688
总和 233.7037 53

Table 5

Test of significance of difference between different levels of factor N and R"

因素
Factor		 产量均值（kg/小区）
Mean value of yield (kg/plot)		 品质均值
Mean value of quality
N1 17.5833cC 84.7222aA
N2 20.4444aA 83.2222bB
N3 19.0500bB 80.8333cC
R1 19.0000bB 82.2778cC
R2 18.5667cC 82.6667bB
R3 19.5111aA 83.8333aA
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