Crops ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (1): 123-132.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2025.01.015

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The Relationship between the Growth Period Traits of Soybean Varieties from Various Regions of Gansu and Meteorological Factors as well as Agronomic Traits

Yang Ruping1(), Jia Zhen2, Wei Ying3, Wei Yechou4, Wang Liming1, Chen Guangrong1, Zhang Guohong1, Song Wenwen5()   

  1. 1Institute of Dryland Agriculture, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
    2College of Bioengineer and Technology, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui 741001, Gansu, China
    3Wuwei Municipal Agriculture Product Quality and Safety Supervision and Management Station, Wuwei 733000,Gansu, China
    4Jiuquan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Research, Jiuquan 735000, Gansu, China
    5Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2024-03-04 Revised:2024-07-06 Online:2025-02-15 Published:2025-02-12

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Abstract:

By examining the maturity-related traits of 161 soybean samples from different parts of Gansu (grown in five ecological pilots in Gansu, 2011-2013) and meteorological data during the 2011 soybean growing season, we investigated the distribution characteristics of maturity-related traits, the major climatic factor affecting maturity-related traits, and the relationships between maturity-related traits and agronomic traits in different planting regions in Gansu. The results showed that the distribution of vegetative emergence to beginning maturity duration (VE-R7) days of the samples was 75-197 d. As the sample source area shifted southeastward, the VE-R7 duration days and vegetative growth period (VE-R1) gradually increased, and R/V (the ratio of R to V) gradually decreased. With the southward shift of planting sites, the vegetative growth period gradually decreased, and the R/V gradually increased. In the same region, the average R/V of all breeding varieties were higher than that of local varieties. VE-R7 of 11 varieties such as Fendou 8 had slight data differences in multiple planting sites. Among the meteorological factors, possible sunshine duration was the largest direct factor affecting the VE-R7 duration of soybean varieties in Hexi Corridor, and number of days with average air temperature >10 ℃ was the largest direct factor affecting the maturity-related traits in Gansu. VE-R7, VE-R1 and R1-R7 had positive correlations with plant height, number of main stem nodes, weight per plant, bottom pod height, and number of effective branches, but the relationships with the number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, weight of seeds per plant and 100-grain weight were not consistent among regions.

Key words: Gansu province, Soybean, Growth period, Ecological characteristics, Meteorological factors, Agronomic traits

Table 1

Information of experimental sites and varieties"

试验地点
Experimental site		 经度
Longitude		 纬度
Latitude		 播种日期
Sowing date		 供试样本数目Number of the test materials
河西地区HC 陇中地区CG 陇东旱塬区LP 陇南地区SG 合计Total
肃州Suzhou 98°30′36″ 39°46′48″ 2011-04-23 24 26 43 59 152
凉州Liangzhou 102°36′00″ 37°55′12″ 2011-04-23 23 24 37 45 129
靖远Jingyuan 104°31′48″ 37°24′00″ 2011-04-17 24 26 47 60 157
会宁Huining 104°30′00″ 36°7′48″ 2012-04-13 11 13 27 18 69
2013-04-10 13 16 32 18 79
麦积Maiji 105°52′12″ 34°34′12″ 2011-04-17 24 26 46 60 156

Fig.1

Distribution of VE-R7 in soybean varieties from different regions of Gansu"

Fig.2

Comparison of VE-R7 of soybean varieties from different regions of Gansu in different experimental sites"

Table 2

R/V values in soybean varieties from different regions of Gansu in different experimental sites"

试验地点
Experimental
site		 河西地区HC 陇中地区CG 陇东旱塬区LP 陇南地区SG
平均值
Average		 数量
Number		 平均值
Average		 数量
Number		 平均值
Average		 数量
Number		 平均值
Average		 数量
Number
肃州Suzhou 1.31±0.63 16 1.85±0.94 8 1.19±0.38 14 1.06±0.42 9
凉州Liangzhou 1.50±0.23 20 1.25±0.31 22 1.17±0.29 33 1.02±0.24 27
靖远Jingyuan 1.48±0.29 21 1.17±0.19 24 1.22±0.22 42 1.06±0.20 52
会宁Huining 1.58±0.19 11 1.43±0.35 16 1.40±0.32 31 1.12±0.27 17
麦积Maiji 2.16±0.41 21 1.79±0.52 24 1.70±0.60 42 1.29±0.38 50
总计Total 1.63±0.49 89 1.45±0.51 94 1.37±0.44 162 1.13±0.31 155

Fig.3

Distribution of VE-R1 and R1-R7 of soybean varieties from different regions of Gansu"

Fig.4

Distribution of for VE-R7 in soybean varieties from different regions of Gansu"

Table 3

Cluster analysis of coefficient of variation for VE-R7 periods of soybean varieties in different experimental sites"

类群
Group		 品种数量
Number of varieties		 变异系数
Variation coefficient (%)
I 3 16.35~20.41
II 7 12.28~16.34
III 22 8.21~12.27
IV 54 4.15~8.20
V 54 0.08~4.14

Table 4

Coefficients of variation for VE-R7 periods of representative soybean varieties in different experimental sites"

品种
Variety		 来源区域
Source region		 VE~R7
平均Average (d) 变异系数
Variation coefficient (%)		 参试地点数目
Number of experimental sites
汾豆63 Fendou 63 陇东 130.59±5.16 3.95 5
汾豆8号Fendou 8 河西 129.01±1.85 1.43 4
黑龙8号Heilong 8 河西 130.15±3.20 2.46 3
黑熊3号Heixiong 3 河西 129.41±5.15 3.98 4
晋豆20 Jindou 20 河西 123.89±4.45 3.59 5
临洮黄豆-4 Lintaohuangdou-4 陇中 124.90±2.43 1.95 3
陇豆2号Longdou 2 陇中 140.29±5.02 3.58 4
美国窄叶豆Meiguozhaiyedou 陇东 131.42±4.77 3.63 4
中黄13 Zhonghuang 13 陇东 138.31±2.90 2.1 3
中黄24 Zhonghuang 24 陇东 143.84±5.18 3.6 4
中黄30 Zhonghuang 30 陇东 117.82±1.80 1.52 4
中黄30 Zhonghuang 30 河西 120.73±3.89 3.22 4

Table 5

Path analysis of major meteorological factors influences and growth period traits of soybean varieties from different regions of Gansu"

生育期
Growth
period		 通径系数
Path
coefficient		 平均气温
Average air
temperature		 平均气温
>10 ℃的日数
Days with
average air
temperature
>10 ℃		 平均气温
>20 ℃的日数
Days with
average air
temperature
>20 ℃		 日平均
最高气温
Daily
average
maximum
temperature		 日平均
最低气温
Daily
average
minimum
temperature		 日照
时数
Sunshine
hours		 可照
时数
Possible
sunshine
duration		 降水量
Precipitation		 最大日
降水量
Maximum
daily
precipitation		 日降水量
≥0.1 mm日数
Days with daily
precipitation
≥0.1 mm
河西地区HC
VE~R7 直接 0.216 0.472 -0.199 0.062 0.381 0.508 -0.626 -0.278
间接 -0.213 0.498 0.582 0.351 -0.581 0.116 0.150 0.166
VE~R1 直接 0.903 0.147 0.055
间接 0.090 0.643 -0.467
R1~R7 直接 1.016 -0.027 0.013
间接 -0.016 0.836 0.438
陇中地区CG
VE~R7 直接 0.586 0.076 -0.145 -0.429 0.084 -0.143
间接 0.405 0.150 0.107 -0.419 0.302 0.169
VE~R1 直接 0.021 1.067 -0.072 -0.023 0.051
间接 0.816 -0.068 0.725 0.892 -0.393
R1~R7 直接 -0.028 1.210 -0.423 -0.051 0.151
间接 -0.037 -0.229 1.114 -0.057 0.450
陇东旱塬区LP
VE~R7 直接 0.554 0.034 0.262 -0.382
间接 0.429 -0.023 0.262 -0.430
VE~R1 直接 0.021 1.067 -0.072 -0.023 0.051
间接 0.837 0.999 0.653 0.869 -0.342
R1~R7 直接 -0.028 1.210 -0.423 -0.051 0.151
间接 -0.065 0.981 0.691 -0.108 0.601
陇南地区SG
VE~R7 直接 0.811 -0.099 -0.264 -0.180
间接 0.072 0.252 -0.481 0.454
VE~R1 直接 0.011 0.983 -0.013 0.041 -0.028
间接 0.787 0.016 -0.348 0.102 0.101
R1~R7 直接 1.234 -0.510 0.223
间接 -0.253 1.250 0.478
整体Overall
VE~R7 直接 1.048 -0.064
间接 -0.051 0.839
VE~R1 直接 -0.030 1.143 -0.130
间接 0.738 -0.143 1.061
R1~R7 直接 0.990 -0.014 0.010
间接 0.009 -0.514 0.137

Table 6

Characteristics of agronomic traits of soybean varieties from different regions of Gansu"

性状
Trait		 河西地区
HC		 陇中地区
CG		 陇东旱塬区
LP		 陇南地区
SG		 相关系数（Eta）
Correlation coefficient (Eta)
株高Plant height (cm) 55.41±27.24c 75.82±38.05b 77.50±37.33b 90.21±36.51a 0.298
主茎节数Number of main stem nodes 17.37±5.14d 18.52±4.43c 19.52±4.46b 21.11±4.28a 0.264
底荚高度Bottom pod height (cm) 6.96±3.70c 9.54±5.24b 10.10±6.38b 13.37±5.20a 0.336
有效分枝数Number of effective branches 3.21±2.13c 4.05±2.17b 4.27±2.14b 4.94±2.12a 0.240
单株重Weight per plant (g) 66.96±37.70c 71.10±37.56bc 80.19±44.81ab 85.44±43.95a 0.153
单株荚数Number of pods per plant 84.03±48.27c 102.64±63.46b 108.53±63.01b 120.53±58.07a 0.185
单株粒数Number of seeds per plant 167.57±94.44b 171.66±92.31b 195.44±109.01a 193.99±110.81a 0.116
单株粒重Weight of seeds per plant (g) 33.77±21.20ab 30.78±18.03b 35.91±22.09a 32.63±17.09ab 0.100
百粒重100-grain weight (g) 20.86±6.53a 19.16±6.26b 18.68±5.87b 17.98±6.35b 0.145

Fig.5

Correlation between agronomic traits and maturity-related traits of soybean varieties from different regions of Gansu “*”indicates no significant correlation."

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[1] Guangcai Zhao,Xuhong Chang,Demei Wang,Zhiqiang Tao,Yanjie Wang,Yushuang Yang,Yingjie Zhu. General Situation and Development of Wheat Production[J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 1 -7 .
[2] Baoquan Quan,Dongmei Bai,Yuexia Tian,Yunyun Xue. Effects of Different Leaf-Peg Ratio on Photosynthesis and Yield of Peanut[J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 102 -105 .
[3] Xuefang Huang,Mingjing Huang,Huatao Liu,Cong Zhao,Juanling Wang. Effects of Annual Precipitation and Population Density on Tiller-Earing and Yield of Zhangzagu 5 under Film Mulching and Hole Sowing[J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 106 -113 .
[4] Wenhui Huang, Hui Wang, Desheng Mei. Research Progress on Lodging Resistance of Crops[J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 13 -19 .
[5] Yun Zhao,Cailong Xu,Xu Yang,Suzhen Li,Jing Zhou,Jicun Li,Tianfu Han,Cunxiang Wu. Effects of Sowing Methods on Seedling Stand and Production Profit of Summer Soybean under Wheat-Soybean System[J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 114 -120 .
[6] Mei Lu,Min Sun,Aixia Ren,Miaomiao Lei,Lingzhu Xue,Zhiqiang Gao. Effects of Spraying Foliar Fertilizers on Dryland Wheat Growth and the Correlation with Yield Formation[J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 121 -125 .
[7] Xiaofei Wang,Haijun Xu,Mengqiao Guo,Yu Xiao,Xinyu Cheng,Shuxia Liu,Xiangjun Guan,Yaokun Wu,Weihua Zhao,Guojiang Wei. Effects of Sowing Date, Density and Fertilizer Utilization Rate on the Yield of Oilseed Perilla frutescens in Cold Area[J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 126 -130 .
[8] Pengjin Zhu,Xinhua Pang,Chun Liang,Qinliang Tan,Lin Yan,Quanguang Zhou,Kewei Ou. Effects of Cold Stress on Reactive Oxygen Metabolism and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities of Sugarcane Seedlings[J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 131 -137 .
[9] Jie Gao,Qingfeng Li,Qiu Peng,Xiaoyan Jiao,Jinsong Wang. Effects of Different Nutrient Combinations on Plant Production and Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Utilization Characteristics in Waxy Sorghum[J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 138 -142 .
[10] Na Shang,Zhongxu Yang,Qiuzhi Li,Huihui Yin,Shihong Wang,Haitao Li,Tong Li,Han Zhang. Response of Cotton with Vegetative Branches to Plant Density in the Western of Shandong Province[J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 143 -148 .