化肥有机肥配施对油葵产量及品质的影响

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2017.05.022

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为增加油葵产量,提高油葵子粒品质,在宁夏中部干旱区采用无机、有机肥相结合的培肥方式,研究不同培肥方式对油葵产量和品质的影响,为当地油葵合理培肥提供理论依据。结果,以化肥配施生物炭3 000kg/hm ²处理子粒产量最高,与处理1（CK）相比增产2.97倍。与对照相比,培肥可降低子粒粗脂肪含量（内盘子粒粗脂肪含量降低11.02%~19.61%,外盘子粒粗脂肪含量降低9.52%~16.70%）,增加子粒粗蛋白含量（内盘子粒粗蛋白含量增加54.11%~79.31%,外盘子粒粗蛋白含量增加34.81%~76.92%）,内盘子粒与外盘子粒粗脂肪与粗蛋白含量变化规律一致。与对照相比,化肥配施有机肥可提高油葵子粒油酸、硬脂酸含量,降低亚油酸、棕酮酸含量,其中化肥配施羊粪37 500kg/hm ²处理对提高油酸含量、降低亚油酸含量的效果优于其他培肥处理。从油葵产量与品质综合考虑,化肥与有机肥配施有利于油葵产量的提高和品质的改善,其中化肥配施生物炭3 000kg/hm ²效果最好,其次为化肥配施羊粪37 500kg/hm ²。

关键词: 油葵, 培肥, 产量, 品质

Abstract:

In order to increase the yield and improve the quality of oil sunflower seeds, the effect of combination of chemical and organic fertilizers on the yield, inner and outer disc of oil sunflower was studied in the experiment. The main results showed as follows: Different fertilization treatments could increase the quantity of oil sunflower disc, disc stem, grain weight and yield; To compare with CK, the yield with chemical fertilizer and biological carbon (3 000kg/hm ²) was the most highest, increasing by 2.97 times. The effects of fertilization on crude protein and crude fat were different, while crude protein and crude fat content were negatively correlated and fertilization reduced crude fat content (11.02%-19.61% for inner disc, 9.52%-16.70% for outer disc); while increased crude protein content (54.11%-79.31% for inner disc, 34.81%-76.92% for outer disc). Fertilizer contributes to oleic acid and stearic acid, but the inhibition of linoleic acid and cetylic acid formations; Combination of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer could improve the content of oleic acid, stearic acid, but decreased linoleic acid, cetylic acid contents. The effect of chemical fertilizer combined with sheep manure (37 500kg/hm ²) on increasing oleic acid content and decreasing linoleic acid content was better than other treatments. Thus, for comprehensive consideration of crop yield and quality, it was suggested that the application of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer could improve the yield and quality of oil sunflower, fertilizer combination biological carbon 3 000kg/hm ² fertilizer had the best affection, followed by chemical fertilizer with sheep manure fertilizer 37 500kg/hm ².

Key words: Oilseed, Sunflower, Fertilizer, Yield, Quality

徐苗,何文寿,马琨. 化肥有机肥配施对油葵产量及品质的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2017 (5): 129–135

Miao Xu,Wenshou He,Kun Ma. Effects of Chemical and Organic Fertilizers on Yield and Quality of Oilseed Sunflower[J]. Crops, 2017(5): 129–135

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土层深度(cm) Soil depth	有机质(g/kg) Organic matter	全氮(g/kg) Total N	速效磷(mg/kg) Avail P	速效钾(mg/kg) Avail K	有机碳(g/kg) Organic carbon	全盐(g/kg) Total salt	pH水土比(5∶1) Water/Soil (5∶1)
0~20	7.06	0.11	9.26	212.73	4.99	0.71	8.40
20~40	6.95	0.11	9.75	202.94	4.03	0.77	8.36

处理 Treatment	总花盘个数(个/hm²) Disc number	单盘直径(cm) Single-disc diameter	单盘重(g) Single-disc weight	千粒重(g) 1000-seeds weight
1(CK)	49 446.92±40.0a	15.39±0.88b	246.00±35.30b	39.36±0.10b
2	50 058.06±68.5a	18.42±0.83a	386.17±18.23a	53.99±1.09a
3	56 613.94±4.5a	18.51±0.48a	309.94±58.32ab	51.27±1.53a
4	55 113.37±51.0a	19.19±0.33a	360.82±2.34a	53.10±3.93a
5	61 780.87±152.5a	18.69±0.48a	363.88±9.85a	53.25±1.63a
6	54 947.19±61.5a	18.48±0.69a	330.83±41.22ab	54.23±1.53a
7	53 613.79±59.5a	19.98±0.50a	308.83±41.22ab	56.05±1.54a
8	56 725.06±44.5a	19.30±0.67a	306.50±43.29ab	52.27±1.87a
9	65 225.48±93.0a	20.38±0.06a	320.17±13.58ab	52.05±4.49a

处理 Treatment	内盘子粒Inner disc seeds				外盘子粒Outer disc seeds
处理 Treatment	油酸 Oleic acid	亚油酸 Linoleic acid	棕榈酸 Cetylic acid	硬脂酸 Stearic acid	油酸 Oleic acid	亚油酸 Linoleic acid	棕榈酸 Cetylic acid	硬脂酸 Stearic acid
1(CK)	39.91±0.01f	49.54±0.00a	6.25a	2.65i	42.19±0.07h	47.32±0.07a	6.08a	2.74h
2	50.16±0.04d	37.82±0.04d	5.34d	4.70a	50.06±0.07c	37.51±0.08g	5.24e	4.64a
3	50.27±0.02c	38.10±0.04c	5.39d	4.26g	49.73±0.02d	38.75±0.02e	5.42c	4.18f
4	50.90±0.04b	37.61±0.04e	5.40d	4.60b	50.10±0.03c	38.06±0.02f	5.34d	4.61b
5	52.39±0.02a	36.09±0.02g	5.08f	4.58c	51.34±0.01a	36.99±0.01i	5.15g	4.66a
6	50.93±0.04b	37.10±0.05f	5.25e	4.31f	50.17±0.01b	37.35±0.00h	5.19f	4.16g
7	50.25±0.02cd	38.05±0.02c	5.43c	4.45d	49.40±0.04e	39.06±0.04d	5.32d	4.27d
8	50.31±0.00c	37.78±0.01d	5.50b	4.41e	47.71±0.07g	40.51±0.06b	5.54b	4.33c
9	48.80±0.03e	39.69±0.03b	5.40d	4.24h	48.59±0.07f	39.79±0.07c	5.53b	4.25e