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作物杂志,2021, 第4期: 80–85 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2021.04.012

• 生理生化·植物营养·栽培耕作 • 上一篇    下一篇

酸化土壤施钙对不同花生品种（系）钙吸收、利用及产量的影响

于天一1(), 郑亚萍1, 邱少芬2, 姜大奇2, 吴正锋1, 郑永美1, 孙学武1, 沈浦1, 王才斌1(), 张建成1()   

  1. 1山东省花生研究所,266100,山东青岛
    2烟台市牟平区农业技术推广中心,264100,山东烟台
  • 收稿日期:2020-09-17 修回日期:2021-07-01 出版日期:2021-08-15 发布日期:2021-08-13
  • 通讯作者: 王才斌,张建成
  • 作者简介:于天一,主要从事花生栽培生理方面研究,E-mail：tianyi_1984@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程项目(CXGC2021A01);国家重点研发计划(2018YFD1000906);山东省重大科技创新项目(2018YFJH0601-1)

Effects of Calcium (Ca) Application in Acidified Soil on Ca Absorption, Utilization and Yield of Different Peanut Varieties (Lines)

Yu Tianyi1(), Zheng Yaping1, Qiu Shaofen2, Jiang Daqi2, Wu Zhengfeng1, Zheng Yongmei1, Sun Xuewu1, Shen Pu1, Wang Caibin1(), Zhang Jiancheng1()   

  1. 1Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao 266100, Shandong, China
    2Muping District Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Yantai City, Yantai 264100, Shandong, China
  • Received:2020-09-17 Revised:2021-07-01 Online:2021-08-15 Published:2021-08-13
  • Contact: Wang Caibin,Zhang Jiancheng

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摘要：

为明确不同花生品种（系）对钙肥响应的差异及机制,在酸化土壤上,以不施钙为对照,研究钙肥（CaO 450kg/hm2）对6个花生品种（系）钙素积累、分配、利用及产量的影响。结果表明,施钙肥可促进花生针壳和籽仁对钙素的吸收,籽仁尤为明显,而对营养器官（根、茎和叶）的影响较小。山花8号对钙肥较敏感,各器官钙含量及积累量较对照均显著增加,而花育32各器官增幅较小或没有增加,对钙肥反应较为迟钝;钙肥可促进籽仁发育,6个品种（系）籽仁干重平均值显著高于对照,但对营养器官和针壳干重影响较小,因此提高了收获指数。施钙可提高荚果产量,其中山花8号荚果产量增幅最大,为49.09%,花育32增幅最小,仅为4.11%;荚果产量与针壳和籽仁钙积累量呈极显著正相关,与营养器官钙含量呈显著负相关。综上,不同花生品种（系）对钙肥的响应差异较大,生产上应根据不同花生品种（系）对钙肥的敏感程度适量施用钙肥。

关键词: 钙肥, 花生, 品种（系）间差异, 钙吸收, 钙利用

Abstract:

To investigate the difference and mechanism of responses of different peanut varieties (lines) to Ca fertilizer, the effects of Ca fertilizer (CaO 450kg/ha) on Ca accumulation, distribution, utilization and yield of six peanut varieties (lines) were studied in acidified soil with no Ca fertilizer as control (CK). The results showed that Ca fertilizer could promote the absorption of Ca in peanut peg, shell and seed, especially the seed, but had little effect on vegetative organs. Shanhua 8 was more sensitive to Ca fertilizer, and the content and accumulation of Ca in all organs were significantly increased compared with CK, while Huayu 32 had little or no increase, and its response to Ca fertilizer was insensitive. Ca fertilizer promoted the development of seed, and the average dry weight of seed of six varieties (lines) were significantly higher than those of CK, but had little effect on dry weights of vegetative organs, peg and shell, so the harvest indexes of all varieties (lines) were also improved by Ca fertilizer. Ca fertilizer could increase the pod yield. Among the six varieties (lines), Shanhua 8 had the largest increase range in pod yield of 49.09%, and Huayu 32 was the lowest, which was only 4.11%. In addition, there was a very significant positive correlations between pod yield and Ca accumulation in peg, shell, and seed, and a significant negative correlations between pod yield and Ca contents of vegetative organs. In conclusion, peanut varieties (lines) had great differences in response to Ca fertilizer, and Ca fertilizer should be applied appropriately according to the sensitivity of different peanut varieties (lines) to Ca fertilizer in production.

Key words: Ca fertilizer, Peanut, Differences among varieties (lines), Ca absorption, Ca utilization

表1

6个花生品种（系）的百仁重及粒型

品种（系）
Variety (line)		 百仁重
100-seed weight (g)		 粒型
Seed size
601 96.00 大粒
花育22 Huayu 22 107.00 大粒
鲁花11 Luhua 11 92.60 大粒
花育32 Huayu 32 67.00 中粒
花育39 Huayu 39 54.60 中粒
山花8号Shanhua 8 73.00 中粒

表2

施钙对不同花生品种（系）各器官钙含量的影响

品种（系）
Variety (line)		 营养器官Vegetative organ 针壳Peg and shell 籽仁Seed
CK TF CK TF CK TF
601 11.08a 10.08a 2.22b 2.73a 0.45b 0.55a
花育22 Huayu 22 9.59a 9.06a 2.19b 2.76a 0.44b 0.62a
鲁花11 Luhua 11 7.33a 7.30a 2.50a 2.48a 0.61b 0.69a
花育32 Huayu 32 9.35a 8.49a 2.49a 2.61a 0.52a 0.55a
花育39 Huayu 39 8.31a 8.84a 2.48a 2.13b 0.59b 0.67a
山花8号Shanhua 8 10.04b 14.27a 2.59b 3.51a 0.57b 0.86a
平均值Mean 9.28a 9.67a 2.41b 2.70a 0.53b 0.66a
显著性（F值）Significance (F-value)
施钙处理Ca treatment ns ** **
品种（系）Variety (line) ** ** **
施钙处理×品种（系）Ca treatment×variety (line) ** ** **

表3

施钙对不同花生品种（系）各器官钙积累量的影响

品种（系）
Variety (line)		 营养器官Vegetative organ 针壳Peg and shell 籽仁Seed 整株Whole plant
CK TF CK TF CK TF CK TF
601 55.62a 43.11b 3.75a 4.36a 1.00b 1.58a 60.37a 49.05b
花育22 Huayu 22 35.23a 33.32a 3.76b 5.04a 0.78b 1.31a 39.77a 39.68a
鲁花11 Luhua 11 32.21a 33.60a 4.30a 3.99a 1.65b 2.30a 38.17a 39.90a
花育32 Huayu 32 44.28a 39.26a 3.04a 2.90a 1.09a 1.29a 48.42a 43.45a
花育39 Huayu 39 35.17a 40.71a 3.48a 3.22a 1.41b 2.40a 40.07a 46.33a
山花8号Shanhua 8 29.48b 39.18a 3.78b 5.06a 0.83b 1.97a 34.08b 46.22a
平均值Mean 38.67a 38.20a 3.69b 4.10a 1.13b 1.81a 43.48a 44.10a
显著性（F值）Significance (F-value)
施钙处理Ca treatment ns * ** ns
品种（系）Variety (line) ** ** ** **
施钙处理×品种（系）Ca treatment×variety (line) ** * ** **

表4

施钙对不同花生品种（系）钙分配系数、荚果及籽仁钙利用效率的影响

品种（系）
Variety (line)		 钙分配系数
Partition coefficient
of Ca		 荚果钙利用效率
Ca utilization efficiency
of pod (kg/kg)		 籽仁钙利用效率
Ca utilization efficiency
of seed (kg/kg)
CK TF CK TF CK TF
601 0.079b 0.123a 59.40b 85.56a 36.51b 59.40a
花育22 Huayu 22 0.115b 0.161a 79.36a 91.38a 44.78a 54.50a
鲁花11 Luhua 11 0.156a 0.158a 107.67a 116.54a 71.58b 84.44a
花育32 Huayu 32 0.086a 0.097a 63.32a 73.64a 42.91b 53.16a
花育39 Huayu 39 0.122a 0.121a 88.09b 103.63a 60.07b 77.45a
山花8号Shanhua 8 0.135a 0.152a 77.02a 74.62a 42.55a 49.76a
平均值Mean 0.116b 0.135a 79.25b 91.00a 49.73b 63.12a
显著性（F值）Significance (F-value)
施钙处理Ca treatment ** ** **
品种（系）Variety (line) ** ** **
施钙处理×品种（系）Ca treatment×variety (line) ** ns ns

表5

施钙对不同花生品种（系）各器官干重的影响

品种（系）
Variety (line)		 营养器官
Vegetative organ		 针壳
Peg and shell		 籽仁
Seed		 整株
Whole plant		 收获指数
Harvest index (%)
CK TF CK TF CK TF CK TF CK TF
601 5024.07a 4287.39b 1692.12a 1590.00a 2217.73b 2887.67a 8933.93a 8765.06a 39.88b 47.33a
花育22 Huayu 22 3668.91a 3694.23a 1713.64a 1825.69a 1780.35a 2152.89a 7162.90a 7672.82a 44.01a 47.13a
鲁花11 Luhua 11 4438.60a 4603.38a 1728.60a 1591.07a 2734.76b 3348.99a 8901.97a 9543.44a 46.40a 48.55a
花育32 Huayu 32 4730.01a 4648.01a 1219.34a 1111.94a 2091.76a 2303.72a 8041.11a 8063.68a 38.06a 39.51a
花育39 Huayu 39 4230.99a 4608.11a 1403.45a 1515.37a 2406.65b 3587.70a 8041.09b 9711.18a 43.89b 49.43a
山花8号Shanhua 8 2935.63a 2778.62a 1496.60a 1441.45a 1448.44b 2292.22a 5847.33a 6512.29a 44.82b 53.11a
平均值Mean 4171.37a 4103.29a 1542.29a 1512.59a 2113.28b 2762.20a 7821.39a 8378.08a 43.03b 46.76a
显著性（F值）Significance (F-value)
施钙处理Ca treatment ns ns ** ns **
品种（系）Variety (line) ** ** ** ** **
施钙处理×品种（系）
Ca treatment×variety (line)		 ns ns ns ns **

表6

施钙对不同花生品种（系）产量及其构成因素的影响

品种（系）
Variety (line)		 单株果数
Pods per plant		 百果重
100-pod weight (g)		 出仁率
Seed/pod ratio (%)		 荚果产量
Pod yield (kg/hm2)
CK TF CK TF CK TF CK TF
601 10.48a 10.53a 190.22a 194.52a 56.34b 64.50a 3571.43b 4159.66a
花育22 Huayu 22 10.30a 10.20a 204.33a 204.14a 50.94a 53.97a 3151.26a 3613.45a
鲁花11 Luhua 11 9.50a 9.65a 209.56a 214.27a 61.36b 67.78a 4117.65a 4621.85a
花育32 Huayu 32 8.20a 8.63a 188.79a 185.63a 62.68a 66.98a 3067.23a 3193.28a
花育39 Huayu 39 11.00a 12.20a 158.57a 168.79a 63.17b 70.30a 3529.41b 4800.00a
山花8号Shanhua 8 9.98a 10.47a 155.26a 171.04a 49.75b 61.51a 2310.92b 3445.38a
平均值Mean 9.92a 10.28a 184.46a 189.73a 57.37b 64.18a 3342.66b 3972.26a
显著性（F值）Significance (F-value)
施钙处理Ca treatment ns ns ** **
品种（系）Variety (line) * ** ** **
施钙处理×品种（系）Ca treatment×variety (line) ns ns ns ns

表7

花生产量与钙积累、分配及利用指标的相关性

指标
Index		 钙含量
Ca content		 钙积累量
Ca accumulation		 Ca分配
系数
Ca
distribution
index		 钙利用效率
Ca utilization efficiency
营养器官
Vegetative organ		 针壳
Peg and shell		 籽仁
Seed		 营养器官
Nutritive organ		 针壳
Peg and shell		 籽仁
Seed		 整株
Whole plant		 荚果
Pod		 籽仁
Seed
荚果产量Pod yield -0.35* 0.07 0.18 0.04 0.52** 0.76** 0.12 -0.05 -0.18 -0.20
籽仁产量Seed yield -0.28 0.17 0.25 0.13 0.33 0.84** 0.19 -0.15 -0.13 -0.09
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