施用磷和钙对花生生长、产量及磷钙利用效率的影响

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2021.01.026

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

发挥元素间互作优势是作物高产及养分高效利用的重要措施。为探明外源磷钙配施在花生上的作用效果及磷钙互作关系,在豫南砂姜黑土区开展了施用磷钙对花生生长、产量及磷钙吸收利用的影响研究。结果表明,单独施磷和磷钙配施比不施磷钙肥显著促进了花生生长和增产;磷钙配施比单独施磷显著增产29.75%,主要原因是增加了花生单株饱果数、单株饱果重、百果重和出仁率,且磷钙配施比单独施磷显著增加花生体内磷积累量、磷吸收和利用效率,其中磷吸收和利用效率分别增加5.36%和8.08kg/kg;单独施磷比不施磷钙显著增加花生体内钙积累量、吸收和利用效率,其中钙吸收和利用效率分别增加1.72%和3.60kg/kg,表明磷钙之间存在协同效应。因此,磷钙合理配施可提高花生磷钙吸收效率,有利于花生生长和增产,是花生高产及磷钙高效利用的一种优化施肥模式。

关键词: 磷, 钙, 花生, 产量, 吸收与利用效率

Abstract:

Taking advantage of the interaction between elements is an important measure for high yield and high efficient of nutrients for crops. To ascertain the effects of exogenous phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca) combined application on peanut and the interaction between P and Ca application, the effects of P and Ca application on growth, yield, P-Ca uptake and their use efficiency of peanut were studied in shajiang black soil area of south Henan province. The results showed that the growth and yield of peanut were significantly increased by P and Ca application alone than no P and Ca application, and the yield was increased by 29.75% under the combination of P and Ca application relative to the application of P alone, mainly due to the increase of the number of full pod per plant, full pod weight per plant, 100-pod fruit weight and kernel rate. Combined application of P and Ca significantly increased P accumulation, uptake and use efficiency than P application alone, in which P uptake and use efficiency increased by 5.36% and 8.08kg/kg, respectively; Phosphorus application alone significantly increased the Ca accumulation, uptake and use efficiency in peanut compared with no P and Ca application, in which Ca uptake and use efficiency increased by 1.72% and 3.60kg/kg, respectively, indicating that there was a synergistic effect between P and Ca. Therefore, the reasonable combination of P and Ca is beneficial to the growth and yield of peanut, and to the improvements of the uptake efficiency P and Ca, which is an optimized fertilization mode for high yield and high P-Ca efficiency of peanut.

Key words: Phosphorus, Calcium, Peanut, Yield, Uptake and use efficiency

索炎炎, 张翔, 司贤宗, 李亮, 余琼, 余辉. 施用磷和钙对花生生长、产量及磷钙利用效率的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2021 (1): 187–192

Suo Yanyan, Zhang Xiang, Si Xianzong, Li Liang, Yu Qiong, Yu Hui. Effects of Phosphorus and Calcium Applications on the Growth, Yield, and Phosphorus and Calcium Use Efficiency of Peanut[J]. Crops, 2021(1): 187–192

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处理 Treatment	主茎高 Main stem height (cm)	第一侧枝长 Lateral branch length (cm)	总分枝数 Total branch numbers
CK	28.3c	33.2c	9.0c
P	33.3b	36.7b	10.7b
P+Ca	35.8a	38.2a	12.3a

处理 Treatment	荚果产量 Pod yield (kg/hm²)	单株饱果数 Full pods per plant	单株饱果重 Full pod weight per plant (g)	百果重 100-pod weight (g)	出仁率 Kernel rate (%)
CK	2 949.5c	6.2c	10.2c	180.6c	55.9c
P	4 569.0b	9.8b	17.4b	193.6b	66.7b
P+Ca	5 928.2a	11.0a	18.6a	202.7a	71.2a

处理 Treatment	磷Phosphorus			钙Calcium
处理 Treatment	吸收效率 Uptake efficiency (%)	利用效率 Use efficiency (kg/kg)	收获指数 Harvest index	吸收效率 Uptake efficiency (%)	利用效率 Use efficiency (kg/kg)	收获指数 Harvest index
CK	–	187.45a	0.62b	–	72.85b	0.0797b
P	15.24b	160.57c	0.66a	1.72b	76.81a	0.0781b
P+Ca	23.32a	165.93b	0.68a	4.21a	72.62b	0.0843a