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作物杂志,2026, 第3期: 56–63 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.03.008

• 第二十八届中国科协年会学术论文专栏（主要粮食作物产能品质提升与高质量发展路径） • 上一篇    下一篇

同化物积累与分配对冬小麦小花发育成粒的影响及密度调控效应

柳东亮1(), 王雅群1, 黄琴2, 王鹏月1, 张鸿雁1, 房琴1(), 李瑞奇1()   

  1. 1 河北农业大学农学院/省部共建华北作物改良与调控国家重点实验室/河北省作物生长调控实验室， 071001， 河北保定
    2 保定市农业科学院， 071000， 河北保定
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-03 修回日期:2025-05-08 出版日期:2026-06-15 发布日期:2026-06-17
  • 通讯作者: 房琴，主要从事作物高产优质高效的生态生理研究，E-mail：fangqinhebei@163.com；李瑞奇为共同通信作者，主要从事作物高产优质理论与技术研究，E-mail：nxylrq@hebau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:柳东亮，主要从事作物高产优质理论与技术研究，E-mail：1665919681@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2023YFD2301500)

Effects of Accumulation and Distribution of Assimilates on Floret Development and Grain Set of Winter Wheat and the Regulatory Effect of Density

Liu Dongliang1(), Wang Yaqun1, Huang Qin2, Wang Pengyue1, Zhang Hongyan1, Fang Qin1(), Li Ruiqi1()   

  1. 1 College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University / State Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement and Regulation in North China / Hebei Provincial Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China
    2 Baoding Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China
  • Received:2025-03-03 Revised:2025-05-08 Online:2026-06-15 Published:2026-06-17

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摘要：

为明确同化物积累与分配对冬小麦小花发育成粒的影响及密度调控效应，于2023-2024年以冬小麦品种衡观35为试验材料，设置4个密度水平，分别为基本苗180万（D180）、300万（D300）、420万（D420）和540万株/hm2（D540），比较主茎、I分蘖和II分蘖的最大分化小花数、可孕小花数、小花结实率和结实粒数的差异，结合穗和茎的干物质积累量与穗的可溶性糖含量，分析同化物积累与分配对小花发育成粒的影响。结果表明，同一密度下主茎的分化小花数和结实粒数均高于分蘖。随着密度增加，最大分化小花数、可孕小花数和小花结实率均呈下降趋势，D180与D420、D540处理间的差异均达显著水平。穗、茎的干物质积累量和穗茎比均表现为低密度高于高密度处理，D180与D540处理差异达显著水平。相关分析表明，最大分化小花数、可孕小花数、穗干物质积累量、穗茎比、穗可溶性糖含量与穗粒数均呈极显著正相关。本试验条件下，主茎、I分蘖和II分蘖的穗粒数均表现为D180>D300>D420>D540，同化物在穗部积累量以及分配比例的增加为促进小花发育成粒和提高穗粒数奠定了良好的物质基础。综上，D300处理的产量构成要素更加协调，是本试验的最优密度处理。

关键词: 冬小麦, 种植密度, 可孕小花数, 穗干物质积累量, 可溶性糖含量, 穗粒数

Abstract:

To clarify the effects of assimilate accumulation and distribution on floret development and grain set of winter wheat and the regulatory effect of density, a field experiment was conducted from 2023 to 2024 using the winter wheat cultivar Hengguan 35. Four density levels were set at 1.8×106 (D180), 3.0×106 (D300), 4.2×106 (D420), and 5.4×106 plants/ha (D540). The differences in the maximum number of florets, number of fertile florets, floret setting rate, and grain number per spike of the main stem, tiller Ⅰ, and tiller Ⅱ were compared. Combined with the dry matter accumulation of spikes and stems and the soluble sugar content of spikes, the impact of assimilate accumulation and distribution on floret development and grain set was analyzed. The results showed that under the same density, the number of florets and grains per spike of the main stem were higher than those of the tillers. With the increase in density, the maximum number of florets, number of fertile florets, and floret setting rate all showed a decreasing trend, and the differences between D180 and D420 and between D180 and D540, reached significant levels. The dry matter accumulation of spikes and stems, as well as the spike-to-stem ratio, were higher in the low-density treatments than in the high-density treatments, with a significant difference between D180 and D540. Correlation analysis indicated that the maximum number of florets, number of fertile florets, spike dry matter accumulation, spike-to-stem ratio, and spike soluble sugar content were all extremely significantly and positively correlated with the grain number per spike. Under the experimental conditions, the grain number per spike of the main stem, tiller Ⅰ, and tiller Ⅱ followed the order of D180 > D300 > D420 > D540. The increase in assimilate accumulation and its distribution ratio in the spike provided a material foundation for promoting floret development into grains and increasing the grain number per spike. In summary, the yield components of D300 treatment were more coordinated, making it the optimal density treatment in this study.

Key words: Winter wheat, Planting density, Number of fertile florets, Spike dry matter accumulation, Soluble sugar content, Grain number per spike

图1

不同密度处理下主茎、I分蘖和II分蘖的最大分化小花数和可孕小花数 同一蘖位不同小写字母表示不同密度处理间在P < 0.05水平上差异显著。下同。

图2

不同密度处理下主茎、I分蘖和II分蘖穗粒数和小花结实率

表1

不同密度处理下冬小麦的单株穗干物质积累量

蘖位
Tiller position		 处理
Treatment		 生长时期Growth period
W6.5 W7.5 W8.5 W9.5 W10
O D180 16.62a 102.90a 140.00a 273.70a 334.70a
D300 14.33ab 76.20b 102.33b 238.30b 292.93b
D420 10.33b 51.00c 93.52b 225.50b 283.73b
D540 9.94b 48.58c 90.80b 165.50c 236.97c
Ⅰ D180 10.56a 75.77a 95.50a 211.97a 299.60a
D300 10.32a 35.55b 57.37b 183.20b 231.88b
D420 4.58b 22.25c 43.77c 124.81c 227.13b
D540 3.42b 21.15c 42.76c 110.59c 197.82c
Ⅱ D180 9.16a 49.77a 83.66a 203.58a 276.76a
D300 6.77b 32.94b 46.10b 156.38b 208.43b
D420 3.10c 19.33c 39.17c 116.33c 184.81bc
D540 1.11d 17.61c 37.93c 109.12c 166.75c

表2

不同密度处理下冬小麦的单株茎干物质积累量

蘖位
Tiller position		 处理
Treatment		 生长时期Growth period
W6.5 W7.5 W8.5 W9.5 W10
O D180 480.58a 747.47a 787.47a 999.83a 1054.00a
D300 449.76a 625.00b 700.40b 870.70b 923.30b
D420 368.58b 520.20c 688.56b 857.13b 927.90b
D540 378.16b 536.06c 667.30b 709.20c 816.87c
Ⅰ D180 346.24a 552.33a 625.21a 797.30a 937.63a
D300 353.15a 440.60b 491.97b 693.30b 812.59b
D420 246.00b 341.67c 476.78b 583.86c 798.26b
D540 202.89b 313.04c 472.11b 549.05c 732.00c
Ⅱ D180 353.69a 483.63a 574.98a 769.06a 911.97a
D300 309.67b 414.52a 474.14b 597.63b 731.18b
D420 187.81c 286.50b 453.00b 548.58b 715.17b
D540 164.77c 267.98b 446.13b 519.93b 692.50b

图3

不同密度处理下冬小麦各生育时期的穗茎比

图4

不同密度处理下冬小麦各生育时期的穗可溶性糖含量

图5

可孕小花数、穗干物质积累量、穗茎比、穗可溶性糖含量、最大分化小花数、小花结实率与穗粒数的相关性分析 “**”表示极显著相关（P < 0.01）。

图6

不同密度处理下冬小麦的产量及其构成因素

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