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作物杂志,2026, 第1期: 143–151 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.01.018

• 生理生化·植物营养·栽培耕作 • 上一篇    下一篇

水稻叶片的生理性状和形态特征受铬胁迫的影响研究

刘晴1(), 孙露宏2, 高世伟1, 刘宇强1, 常汇琳1, 马成1, 王婧泽1, 王翠玲3, 聂守军1()   

  1. 1黑龙江省农业科学院绥化分院，152000，黑龙江绥化
    2农业农村部稻米及加工品质量与营养检验测试中心（桦川），154000，黑龙江佳木斯
    3黑龙江省农业科学院农产品质量安全研究所，150000，黑龙江哈尔滨
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-12 修回日期:2024-11-09 出版日期:2026-02-15 发布日期:2026-02-10
  • 通讯作者: 聂守军，研究方向为水稻遗传育种，E-mail：nsj-0821@163.com
  • 作者简介:刘晴，研究方向为水稻遗传育种，E-mail：285394703@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    黑龙江省农业科技创新跨越工程农业科技基础创新优青项目(CX22YQ25);黑龙江省农业科技创新跨越工程重大需求科技创新科技攻关项目(CX23ZD02);黑龙江省水稻现代农业产业技术协同创新推广体系;黑龙江省农业科学院绥化分院科技创新项目(SHFY2022-01);政府间国际科技创新合作(2022YFE0117800-4);中国绿色食品发展中心农产品品质规格营养功能评价项目(GF-TSPZ-2024021)

Effects of Chromium Stress on Physiological Traits and Morphological Characteristics of Rice Leaves

Liu Qing1(), Sun Luhong2, Gao Shiwei1, Liu Yuqiang1, Chang Huilin1, Ma Cheng1, Wang Jingze1, Wang Cuiling3, Nie Shoujun1()   

  1. 1Suihua Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Suihua 152000, Heilongjiang, China
    2Quality and Nutrition Inspection and Testing Centre for Rice and Processed Products (Huachuan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jiamusi 154000, Heilongjiang, China
    3Quality and Safety Institute of Agricultural Products, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150000, Heilongjiang, China
  • Received:2024-09-12 Revised:2024-11-09 Online:2026-02-15 Published:2026-02-10

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摘要： 以绥粳309（SJ309）和龙庆稻31（LQD31）2个水稻品种为材料，探究铬胁迫对水稻叶片生理性状与形态特征的影响。结果表明，铬主要在水稻根部富集，且SJ309比LQD31更有效地减少了铬的吸收与转移。在高浓度铬胁迫（100 μmol/L）下，2个品种的气孔导度、蒸腾速率、水分利用率及光合色素等生理特性均下降，叶片蒸气压亏缺、胞间CO?浓度和丙二醛含量则升高。经铬胁迫处理，仅LQD31的气孔保卫细胞气孔面积增大、孔径闭合，而SJ309无明显变化。与SJ309相比，LQD31的脱落酸和水杨酸含量显著增加，导致参与气孔孔径调节的NCED1和NCED2基因过度表达，表明LQD31对铬胁迫更为敏感。此外，铬胁迫使SJ309的非腺毛状体密度和长度显著增加，表明其能抵御紫外线损伤及多种环境胁迫。综上，水稻SJ309对铬胁迫耐受性更佳，其超积累特性可用于铬污染土壤的植物修复。

关键词: 铬胁迫, 水稻, 生理特性, 叶片, 形态特征

Abstract:

Using two rice varieties, Suijing 309 (SJ309) and Longqingdao 31 (LQD31), as experimental materials, the effects of chromium (Cr) stress on the physiological traits and morphological characteristics of rice leaves were investigated. The results showed that Cr was primarily enriched in the roots of rice, and SJ309 was more effective than LQD31 in reducing the absorption and translocation of Cr. Under high-concentration Cr stress (100 μmol/L), the physiological characteristics such as stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, water use efficiency, and photosynthetic pigments decreased in both varieties, while leaf vapor pressure deficit, intercellular CO2 concentration, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased. After Cr stress treatment, only LQD31 exhibited an increase in the stomatal area of guard cells and closure of the stomatal aperture, whereas no significant changes were observed in SJ309. Compared with SJ309, the contents of abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA) in LQD31 increased significantly, leading to the overexpression of NCED1 and NCED2 genes involved in the regulation of stomatal aperture, which indicated that LQD31 was more sensitive to Cr stress. Furthermore, Cr stress significantly increased the density and length of non-glandular trichomes in SJ309, suggesting its ability to withstand UV damage and various environmental stresses. In summary, SJ309 demonstrates superior tolerance to Cr stress, and its hyperaccumulation characteristics can be utilized for the phytoremediation of Cr-contaminated soils.

Key words: Chromium stress, Rice, Physiological characteristics, Leaf, Morphological characteristics

表1

qRT-PCR引物信息

编号Code 基因Gene 正向引物Forward primer (5′→3′) 反向引物Reverse primer (3′→5′)
1 NCED1 GCTCGGTCACTCACTCACTC GCGTTCTTCTTCCTGCCATAG
2 NCED2 CATGCTCCACTCCCTTCTCA GAAGCCAGCGAAGAAGTTTGG

表2

不同铬胁迫水平对水稻品种根和叶中Cr6+含量的影响

品种Variety 处理Treatment 根Root 叶Leaf
SJ309 CK 0.000±0.000e 0.000±0.000e
Cr25 0.238±0.003d 0.012±0.001d
Cr50 0.337±0.006c 0.013±0.004d
Cr100 0.452±0.009b 0.017±0.003c
LQD31 CK 0.000±0.000e 0.000±0.000e
Cr25 0.255±0.004d 0.023±0.002b
Cr50 0.346±0.005c 0.025±0.003b
Cr100 0.550±0.011a 0.034±0.005a

图1

不同铬胁迫水平对水稻品种幼苗生长指标的影响 “***”表示处理间差异达极显著水平（P < 0.001），下同。

图2

铬胁迫对不同水稻品种光合气体交换参数和生理性状的影响 “**”表示处理间差异达极显著水平（P < 0.01），下同。

图3

铬胁迫对不同水稻品种叶片气孔形态的影响

图4

铬胁迫对不同水稻品种叶片毛状体形态的影响

图5

铬胁迫对不同水稻品种光合色素与抗氧化酶活性的影响

图6

铬胁迫对不同水稻品种植物激素调控与表达的影响

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