每穴苗数和施氮量对双季机插稻产量及氮肥利用效率的影响

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2016.03.027

作物杂志,2016, 第3期: 144–150 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2016.03.027

• 生理生化·植物营养·栽培耕作 • 上一篇下一篇

每穴苗数和施氮量对双季机插稻产量及氮肥利用效率的影响

章起明,曾勇军,吕伟生,黄山,商庆银,曾研华,谭雪明,石庆华,潘晓华

江西农业大学双季稻现代化生产协同创新中心/作物生理生态与遗传育种教育部重点实验室/江西省作物生理生态与遗传育种重点实验室/南方粮油作物协同创新中心,330045,江西南昌

收稿日期:2016-05-03 修回日期:2016-05-17 出版日期:2016-06-15 发布日期:2018-08-26
通讯作者: 曾勇军
作者简介:章起明,在读硕士研究生,主要从事水稻栽培理论与技术研究
基金资助:
国家科技支撑计划(2013BAD07B1202);公益性行业科研专项(201303102);江西省水稻产业技术体系专项(JXARS-02-03);国家自然科学基金(31360310)

Effects of Nitrogen Application and Transplanting Seedlings Number Per Hole on the Grain Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Double-Rice by Machine Plug

Zhang Qiming,Zeng Yongjun,Lü Weisheng,Huang Shan,Shang Qingyin,Zeng Yanhua,Tan Xueming,Shi Qinghua,Pan Xiaohua

Collaborative Innovation Center for the Modernization Production of Double Cropping Rice,Jiangxi Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology,Ecology and Genetic Breeding,Ministry of Education/Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology,Ecology and Genetic Breeding/Southern Oil Crops Collaborative Innovation Center,Nanchang 330045,Jiangxi,China

Received:2016-05-03 Revised:2016-05-17 Online:2016-06-15 Published:2018-08-26
Contact: Yongjun Zeng

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以常规早稻品种中嘉早17和杂交晚稻品种五优308为材料,针对双季机插稻生产中存在的前期发不起、中期控不住、后期穗小苗弱影响双季机插稻产量及氮肥利用效率的问题,通过大田试验研究施氮量和每穴苗数对双季机插稻产量及氮肥利用效率的影响。结果表明,氮肥用量和每穴苗数对双季机插稻产量及氮肥利用效率有显著影响。机插早晚稻均以中氮高苗组合（早稻N12D5,晚稻N13D4）产量最高,早稻为8.12t/hm ²,晚稻为9.62t/hm ²,但与低氮高苗组合(早稻N10D5,晚稻N11D4)产量差异不显著。氮肥吸收利用率早晚稻均随施氮量的增加呈先上升后下降的趋势,随每穴苗数的增加而升高。其中早稻氮素吸收利用率以N10D5处理最高,晚稻虽以N13D4处理最高,但与N11D4处理间差异不显著。干物质积累量所表现出的趋势基本和产量一致。在不影响产量的前提下,适当增加单株苗数,可使早稻比当前习惯施氮量减少16.7%,晚稻可减少15.4%。早稻氮素利用率提高10.66%,晚稻提升1.99%。由此可见,合理地增加每穴苗数和降低施氮量既可以获得足够的单位面积有效穗数实现高产,又可以提高氮素利用效率。

关键词: 施氮量, 每穴苗数, 双季机插稻, 产量, 氮肥利用效率

Abstract:

Zhongjiazao 17 as the early rice, Wuyou 308 as the late rice were tested in this study.In view of the problems of present machine early planting, middle control, the late weak spikes,in order to determine effects of nitrogen application and transplanting seedlings number per hole on double-rice systems, an experiment was carried out to study the yield, yield components and nitrogen use efficiency of double-rice by machine plug.The results showed that both the nitrogen application rate and transplanting density had significant effects on yield. At the nitrogen plus high density rate the grain yield was maximized, being 8.12t/hm ² in early rice and 9.62t/hm ² in late rice,while the difference was not significantly been compared with low nitrogen plus high density rate. Nitrogen use efficiency decreased at the lower planting density, but increased first and then dropped with the increase of nitrogen application rate. At the low nitrogen plus high density rate the early rice nitrogen use efficiency was maximized, and at nitrogen plus high density the late rice nitrogen use efficiency was maximized.Dry matter accumulation exhibited trends of consistent with the yield.By appropriately increasing the seedlings number per hole, the early rice nitrogen fertilizer could reduce 16.7% application rate than the current diet, and the late rice decreased 15.4%. Nitrogen utilization increased by 10.66% of early rice, 1.99% of late rice. As a result, a reasonable reduction of nitrogen fertilizer and increase of transplanting seedlings number per hole,could indeed significantly increase the effective panicle number per unit area, and nitrogen use efficiency was improved.

Key words: Nitrogen application level, Seedlingsnumber per hole, Double-cropping rice under transplanting by machine, Grain yield, Nitrogen use efficiency

章起明,曾勇军,吕伟生,黄山,商庆银,曾研华,谭雪明,石庆华,潘晓华. 每穴苗数和施氮量对双季机插稻产量及氮肥利用效率的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2016 (3): 144–150

Qiming Zhang,Yongjun Zeng,Weisheng Lü,Shan Huang,Qingyin Shang,Yanhua Zeng,Xueming Tan,Qinghua Shi,Xiaohua Pan. Effects of Nitrogen Application and Transplanting Seedlings Number Per Hole on the Grain Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Double-Rice by Machine Plug[J]. Crops, 2016(3): 144–150

图/表 4

表1

每穴苗数和施氮量对机插双季稻产量及产量构成的影响"

处理 Treatments	有效穗数(万穗/hm²) Effective panicle	每穗粒数 Grain number per panicle	结实率(%) Seed-setting rate	千粒重(g) 1000-grain weight	产量(t/hm²) Actual yield	高峰苗数(万株/hm²) Highest tillers	成穗率(%) Spike rate
早稻 Early rice
N0D3	208.43±6.48kJ	119.16±3.50deDE	83.73±1.44aA	26.04±0.17abcAB	4.59±0.27hF	245.10jH	84.30abcAB
N0D4	239.78±6.58jI	114.11±3.44efE	83.11±2.18abA	25.98±0.13abcAB	4.93±0.39hF	283.58iG	84.97abcAB
N0D5	267.43±6.56iH	112.09±4.23fE	83.49±1.59abA	25.94±0.19abcAB	5.56±0.27gE	342.00gEF	78.35cB
N8D3	282.82±10.70hGH	129.64±4.16abcABC	81.23±2.06bcAB	26.08±0.13abcA	6.75±0.28fD	304.95hG	91.88aA
N8D4	307.42±3.28fgEF	126.83±6.67bcBCD	80.00±1.44cdBC	26.09±0.26abcA	7.05±0.49efCD	370.50fDE	83.25bcAB
N8D5	323.38±6.05cdeBCDE	124.46±4.91cdCD	79.99±1.16cdBC	25.9±0.04abcdAB	7.25±0.31deCD	393.30deCD	82.35bcAB
N10D3	297.35±9.55gFG	131.87±5.14abABC	79.99±2.39cdBC	26.09±0.12abcA	7.24±0.53deCD	336.30gF	87.59abAB
N10D4	317.87±8.31defCDEF	131.68±2.30abABC	78.34±1.62deBCD	26.11±0.10abA	7.65±0.62bcdABC	393.30deCD	80.76bcAB
N10D5	333.17±6.53bcABCD	129.71±7.34abcABC	78.26±1.21deBCD	25.92±0.16abcdAB	7.96±0.16abAB	420.38bcABC	79.38cB
N12D3	308.27±12.30fgEF	134.03±4.18aAB	77.74±3.35deCDE	26.12±0.10aA	7.50±0.48cdBC	356.25fgEF	85.61abcAB
N12D4	330.79±6.54bcdABCD	134.40±2.78aAB	76.69±1.83efCDEF	26.03±0.08abcAB	8.03±0.32abAB	401.85cdBCD	82.80bcAB
N12D5	339.63±12.78abAB	136.19±8.38aA	76.52±1.45efCDEF	25.96±0.30abcAB	8.12±0.52aA	433.20abAB	79.08cB
N14D3	315.12±9.31efDEF	135.75±5.33aA	76.38±2.67efDEF	25.81±0.18cdAB	7.49±0.60cdBC	373.35efDE	83.89bcAB
N14D4	336.11±6.48abcABC	133.85±9.68aAB	74.38±1.78fgEF	25.82±0.14bcdAB	7.87±0.27abcAB	426.08abABC	79.00cB
N14D5	349.03±7.29aA	132.04±6.99abABC	73.89±1.46gF	25.65±0.29dB	7.96±0.45abAB	446.02aA	78.33cB
N	**	**	**	**	**	**	*
D	**	ns	*	*	**	**	**
N×D	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
晚稻 Late rice
N0D2	227.26±8.35jK	109.61±4.86dB	92.83±1.19aA	24.59±0.09abAB	5.19±0.15hH	415.39mL	54.78cdCDE
N0D3	255.72±6.83iJ	105.98±4.52deB	92.65±1.12abA	24.53±0.17bcAB	5.63±0.40gG	483.79kK	52.76deDEFGH
N0D4	284.06±12.98hI	102.32±2.59eB	92.27±1.26bA	24.49±0.09bcAB	5.95±0.27fF	526.54jJ	54.54cdCDEF
N9D2	304.19±6.61gH	128.28±7.29abcA	91.19±2.09cB	24.63±0.14abAB	7.77±0.26eE	465.98lK	64.92aA
N9D3	319.84±6.70fG	126.83±1.90bcA	90.03±1.09dC	24.65±0.23abAB	8.22±0.38dD	619.16gG	51.44efEFGHI
N9D4	341.30±4.37eEF	125.48±3.41cA	89.95±3.07dC	24.56±0.09abAB	8.58±0.57cC	691.13eE	49.45fgGHI
N11D2	328.75±8.34fFG	130.98±5.21abcA	89.79±1.14dC	24.75±0.24aA	8.73±0.37cC	560.03iI	58.87bBC
N11D3	355.82±12.39dDE	130.04±7.91abcA	88.35±1.14eD	24.64±0.09abAB	9.15±0.36bB	659.78fF	54.02cdeDEFG
N11D4	376.88±6.56bcBC	128.59±2.85abcA	88.31±2.24eD	24.48±0.16bcAB	9.48±0.26aA	736.01cC	51.46efEFGHI
N13D2	346.98±4.28deE	134.04±4.12aA	88.17±1.44eD	24.68±0.14abA	9.20±0.27bB	582.11hH	59.46bB
N13D3	369.58±14.84cCD	133.36±6.83abA	86.65±1.29fE	24.58±0.37abAB	9.50±0.41aA	713.92dD	51.96defEFGHI
N13D4	386.19±4.94bAB	134.12±8.19aA	86.10±2.26gF	24.51±0.12bcAB	9.62±0.22aA	774.49bB	49.93fgFGHI
N15D2	355.49±6.86dDE	133.67±5.20abA	86.77±2.19fE	24.60±0.25abAB	9.25±0.61bB	625.58gG	56.75bcBCD
N15D3	380.37±9.69bBC	132.58±9.05abA	85.20±1.26hG	24.55±0.20abcAB	9.52±0.41aA	783.04bB	48.58gHI
N15D4	498.07±7.59aA	130.76±4.49abcA	84.11±2.18iH	24.34±0.16cB	9.55±0.36aA	825.08aA	47.99gI
N	**	**	**	ns	**	**	*
D	**	*	**	**	**	**	**
N×D	ns	ns	**	ns	**	**	**

表1

表2

表3

表4

每穴苗数和施氮量对双季机插稻氮素利用效率的影响"

处理 Treatments	农学利用率 AEN(kg/kg)	吸收利用率 REN(%)	生理利用率 PEN(kg/kg)	偏生产力 PFPN(kg/kg)	收获指数 NHI(%)	100kg子粒吸氮量 NAPG(kg)
早稻Early rice
N8D3	18.01aA	42.17abA	43.62aA	56.27bBC	65.25bcAB	1.70eD
N8D4	17.61abA	42.88abA	41.69abAB	58.72abAB	64.33cAB	1.76deCD
N8D5	14.12bcdAB	44.06abA	29.95cdAB	60.43aA	60.95dB	1.82cdeBCD
N10D3	17.63abA	45.45abA	38.85abcAB	48.24dEF	68.34abA	1.83cdeBCD
N10D4	18.10aA	46.22abA	39.33abcAB	50.98cDE	68.46abA	1.86cdBCD
N10D5	16.04abcAB	48.92aA	32.18bcdAB	53.09cCD	68.65abA	1.91bcABC
N12D3	16.14abcAB	45.74abA	35.73abcdAB	41.65fGH	65.25bcAB	1.95bcABC
N12D4	17.20abcA	45.93abA	37.52abcAB	44.60eFG	66.30abcAB	1.93bcABC
N12D5	14.25bcdAB	46.28abA	30.34cdAB	45.13eFG	68.01abA	2.00abAB
N14D3	13.80cdAB	40.73bA	33.92abcdAB	35.66gI	69.05aA	2.00abAB
N14D4	13.99bcdAB	41.54bA	34.42abcdAB	37.47gI	66.91abcA	2.03abAB
N14D5	11.42dB	42.21abA	26.35dB	37.89gHI	65.52abcAB	2.11aA
N	*	*	ns	* *	* *	* *
D	* *	*	* *	* *	ns	*
N×D	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
晚稻Late rice
N9D2	19.06cdCDE	45.54dB	41.63aA	57.53cC	70.40aA	1.78fE
N9D3	19.18cBCDE	47.72cdAB	40.52aAB	60.87bB	67.39abA	1.86efDE
N9D4	19.47bcABCD	48.04bcdAB	40.95aAB	63.57aA	65.98bA	1.84fDE
N11D2	21.47aA	53.29abAB	40.46aAB	52.92eD	68.49abA	1.88defDE
N11D3	21.35aAB	54.46aAB	39.38abAB	55.46dC	68.67abA	1.94deCDE
N11D4	21.40aA	56.99aA	37.76abABC	57.48cC	68.11abA	1.97dBCD
N13D2	20.54abABC	54.39aAB	37.91abABC	47.18gE	68.11abA	1.99cdBCD
N13D3	19.85bcABCD	56.32aA	35.47bcABC	48.72fE	68.43abA	2.08bcABC
N13D4	18.80cdCDE	57.55aA	32.73cdBC	49.33fE	68.14abA	2.13bAB
N15D2	18.01deDEF	52.01abcAB	34.65bcABC	41.10iF	70.15aA	2.09bABC
N15D3	17.31eEF	52.87abcAB	32.49cdBC	42.33hiF	68.98abA	2.17abA
N15D4	15.97Ff	54.17aAB	29.39dC	42.43hF	68.74abA	2.25aA
N	* *	*	*	* *	ns	* *
D	* *	*	*	* *	ns	* *
N×D	* *	ns	ns	* *	ns	ns

表4

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早稻Early rice				晚稻Late rice
处理 Treatments	抽穗期叶面积指数 Leaf area index of heading	生物产量(t/hm²) Biological production	经济系数(%) Economic coefficient	处理 Treatments	抽穗期叶面积指数 Leaf area index of heading	生物产量(t/hm²) Biological production	经济系数(%) Economic coefficient
N0D3	3.27hG	8.67iG	53.25deCD	N0D2	2.77eC	11.12hI	46.70cD
N0D4	3.61ghFG	9.61hFG	51.47eD	N0D3	2.91eC	12.27gH	45.87cD
N0D5	3.77ghEFG	10.12ghF	55.41cdeBCD	N0D4	3.14deC	12.64fgGH	47.09cD
N8D3	4.04fghEFG	10.73gEF	63.60aA	N9D2	3.67dC	13.13fG	59.14aA
N8D4	4.39efgDEFG	11.56fDE	61.15abAB	N9D3	4.99cB	14.13eF	58.15aA
N8D5	6.02abABC	12.74cdABCD	56.48bcdABCD	N9D4	5.26bcAB	15.82cCDE	54.24bBC
N10D3	4.71efCDEF	11.87efCDE	60.86abAB	N11D2	5.03cB	15.10dE	57.82aAB
N10D4	5.17bcdeBCDE	12.64cdeABCD	60.68abABC	N11D3	5.12bcAB	15.96cBCD	57.34aAB
N10D5	6.16aAB	13.37abcAB	59.68abcABC	N11D4	5.71abcAB	17.65aA	53.74bC
N12D3	4.94defBCDEF	12.95bcdABC	58.23bcABCD	N13D2	5.36bcAB	15.81cCDE	58.17aA
N12D4	5.78abcdABCD	13.43abcAB	59.88abcABC	N13D3	5.58abcAB	16.50bBC	57.59aAB
N12D5	6.30aAB	13.90aA	58.54bcABCD	N13D4	5.76abAB	18.09aA	53.17bC
N14D3	5.05cdeBCDE	12.28defBCD	61.08abAB	N15D2	5.60abcAB	15.59cdDE	59.33aA
N14D4	5.95abcABC	13.27abcAB	59.83abcABC	N15D3	6.26aA	16.58bB	57.43aAB
N14D5	6.63aA	13.61abAB	58.37bcABCD	N15D4	6.27aA	17.88aA	53.40bC
N	* *	* *	* *	N	* *	* *	* *
D	* *	* *	ns	D	* *	* *	* *
N×D	ns	ns	ns	N×D	*	*	*

	性状Character	相关系数Correlation coefficient					通径分析Path analysis
		x₁	x₂	x₃	x₄	y	直接作用 Direct effect	间接作用Indirect effect
		x₁	x₂	x₃	x₄	y	直接作用 Direct effect	x₁	x₂	x₃	x₄
早稻Early rice	x₁	1					0.814		0.622	-0.715	-0.320
	x₂	0.764^**	1				0.343	0.262		-0.288	-0.033
	x₃	-0.877^**	-0.841^**	1			0.092	-0.081	-0.077		0.048
	x₄	-0.393	-0.095	0.525^*	1		0.066	-0.026	-0.006	0.035
	y	0.970^**	0.881^**	-0.876^**	-0.238	1
晚稻Late rice	x₁	1					0.805		0.670	-0.747	-0.227
	x₂	0.833^**	1				0.330	0.275		-0.261	0.061
	x₃	-0.928^**	-0.789^**	1			0.097	-0.090	-0.076		0.033
	x₄	-0.282	0.184	0.345	1		0.095	-0.027	0.018	0.033
	y	0.963^**	0.941^**	-0.878^**	-0.037	1

每穴苗数和施氮量对双季机插稻产量及氮肥利用效率的影响

Effects of Nitrogen Application and Transplanting Seedlings Number Per Hole on the Grain Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Double-Rice by Machine Plug

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