生物炭对水稻齐穗期叶绿素荧光参数及产量构成的影响

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2016.03.018

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用盆栽试验研究了添加生物炭对水稻齐穗期叶绿素荧光参数及产量构成的影响。研究结果表明,水稻齐穗期剑叶叶绿素荧光参数最大光化学量子产量（Fv/Fm）、实际量子产量（Yield）、光化学淬灭（qP）和非光化学淬灭（NPQ）均随着生物炭用量的增加先增后减,以C2F处理叶绿素荧光参数为最高。从产量构成方面分析,C1F处理比对照每穴谷重提高了8%,C3F处理则比对照减少了约15%。说明添加适量生物炭可以提高PSⅡ反应中心的光能转换效率、潜在活性和开放比例,同时对过剩光能的耗散能力的增强,有利于减轻环境胁迫对光合作用的抑制,以增强光合系统反应中心的稳定性,从而改善和提高了作物的光合能力。生物炭对水稻后期光合能力的影响有利于促进水稻灌浆,提高每穗实粒数,使水稻增产。

关键词: 生物炭, 水稻, 叶绿素荧光, 产量构成

Abstract:

The pot experiment was carried out to study the effects of biochar on chlorophyll fluorescence and yield components of rice. The results showed that the maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), actual photochemical efficiency (Yield), photochemical quenching (qP) and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) under the C2F treatment were higher than those under the others. Compared with the control treatment (F), the yield per hill of the C1F treatment was increased by 8%, while that of the C3F treatment was reduced about 15%. The data indicated that the moderate amount of biochar could improve the light energy conversion efficiency, potential activity and open proportion of PSⅡ reaction center. The higher NPQ in the biochar treatments was beneficial to reduce the damage of environmental stress on photosynthetic apparatus, and to enhance the stability of the photosynthetic reaction center system. Thus, the photosynthesis ability of rice was enhanced, and then the rice grain filling was improved, which would result in the increase of filled grains per panicle and yield.

Key words: Biochar, Rice, Chlorophyll fluorescence, Yield components

陈盈,张满利,刘宪平,代贵金,侯守贵. 生物炭对水稻齐穗期叶绿素荧光参数及产量构成的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2016 (3): 94–98

Ying Chen,Manli Zhang,Xianping Liu,Guijin Dai,Shougui Hou. Effects of Biochar on Chlorophyll Fluorescence at Full Heading Stage and Yield Components of Rice[J]. Crops, 2016(3): 94–98

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处理 Treatments	每穴穗数(个/穴) Panicles per hill	穗长(cm) Length of panicle	每穗实粒数(粒/穗) Full grain number per panicle	结实率(%) Seeding set rate	千粒重(g) 1000-grain weight	每穴谷重(g) Yield per hill
F(CK)	10.3a	17.5a	135.9b	96.9a	25.8a	36.2ab
C1F	10.1a	17.7a	154.6ab	97.3a	25.5a	39.1a
C2F	9.6a	18.1a	163.2a	97.7a	25.9a	35.4ab
C3F	8.8b	17.9a	160.0a	96.5a	25.6a	30.9b