有机肥等氮替代化肥对红壤团聚体及玉米产量和品质的影响

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2019.04.019

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究有机肥等氮替代化肥对土壤结构、玉米产量和品质的影响,设置有机肥等氮替代化肥的10%（M10）、20%（M20）、30%（M30）、40%（M40）,以单施化肥（M0）和不施肥（CK）为对照6个施肥处理,测定玉米不同生育期的土壤团聚体变化状况。结果表明：随有机肥等氮部分替代化肥比例的增加,玉米各生育期土壤>0.25mm水稳性团聚体（R_0.25）、平均质量直径（MWD）、几何平均直径（GWD）不断增加,团聚体破坏率（PAD）、分形维数（D）不断降低。与M0处理相比,M30和M40处理显著提高了玉米子粒产量,表现为M30>M40;M20、M30、M40处理较M0处理玉米子粒蛋白质含量显著增加了13.29%~25.03%,淀粉含量显著增加了39.84%~114.06%,可溶性糖含量显著增加了36.49%~54.05%;蛋白质含量表现为M30和M20处理显著大于M40处理,M30与M20处理间差异不显著;淀粉含量表现为M40>M30>M20,差异显著;可溶性糖含量表现为M40和M30处理显著大于M20处理,M30与M40处理间差异不显著。玉米子粒产量和品质与抽雄期、成熟期土壤团聚体R_0.25呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）,与PAD、D值呈极显著负相关（P<0.01）。因此,玉米生产中,利用有机肥等氮替代化肥培肥土壤,需兼顾玉米产量和品质,30%为适宜的有机肥等氮替代化肥比例。

关键词: 有机肥等氮替代化肥, 土壤团聚体, 玉米, 产量, 品质

Abstract:

In order to study the effects of organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer with equal nitrogen on structure and maize yield and quality in soil, set up six treatments of 10% (M10), 20% (M20), 30% (M30), 40% (M40) ratio of organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer, with control application of chemical fertilizer (M0) and no application of fertilizer (CK). The dynamic change of soil aggregates in different growth stages of maize. The results showed that with the increase of the proportion of organic fertilizer, >0.25mm soil water stability aggregates (R_0.25), mean weight diameter (MWD), geometric mean diameter (GWD) increased continuously but the portion of aggregate destruction (PAD), fractal dimension (D) decreased continuously during the growth period of maize. Compared with M0 treatment, grain yields of M30 and M40 treatments increased significantly, which was manifested as M30>M40; M20, protein contents of M30 and M40 treatment significantly increased by 13.29%-25.03%, starch content increased by 39.84%-114.06%, and the soluble sugar content increased by 36.49%-54.05%. The protein contents of M30 and M20 was significantly greater than that of M40, and the difference between M30 and M40 was not significant. The starch content was M40>M30>M20, with significant differences. The soluble sugar contents of M40 and M30 was significantly higher than that of M20, and the difference between M30 and M40 was not significant. Maize grain yield and quality were positively correlated with R_0.25 (P<0.01) and negatively correlated with PAD and D value (P<0.01). Therefore, the equal nitrogen in the organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer for fertilizing soil should take into account for the yield and quality of maize, and 30% is the appropriate ratio.

Key words: Organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer with equal nitrogen, Soil aggregates, Maize, Yield, Quality

周芸,李永梅,范茂攀,王自林,徐智,张丹,赵吉霞. 有机肥等氮替代化肥对红壤团聚体及玉米产量和品质的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2019 (4): 125–132

Zhou Yun,Li Yongmei,Fan Maopan,Wang Zilin,Xu Zhi,Zhang Dan,Zhao Jixia. Effects of Nitrogen in Organic Manure Replacing Chemical Nitrogenous Fertilizer on Aggregates of Red Soil, Maize Yield and Quality[J]. Crops, 2019(4): 125–132

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生育时期 Growth stage	稳定性指数 Stability index	子粒产量 Grain yield	蛋白质含量 Protein content	淀粉含量 Starch content	可溶性糖含量 Soluble sugar content
拔节期Jointing stage	R_0.25	-0.527^**	-0.569^**	-0.042	-0.224
	MWD	-0.265	-0.339	-0.706^**	-0.610^**
	GMD	-0.113	-0.184	-0.294	-0.261
	PAD	-0.212	-0.201	-0.043	-0.032
	D	-0.294	-0.259	-0.081	-0.133
大喇叭口期Bell stage	R_0.25	-0.773^**	-0.870^**	-0.574^**	-0.754^**
	MWD	-0.406^*	-0.085	-0.063	-0.085
	GMD	-0.161	-0.045	-0.096	-0.052
	PAD	-0.027	-0.279	-0.537^**	-0.406^*
	D	-0.404^*	-0.463^*	-0.848^**	-0.744^**
抽雄期Tasseling stage	R_0.25	-0.761^**	-0.609^**	-0.638^**	-0.809^**
	MWD	-0.620^**	-0.333	-0.406^*	-0.490^*
	GMD	-0.731^**	-0.440^*	-0.455^*	-0.508^*
	PAD	-0.672^**	-0.718^**	-0.687^**	-0.779^**
	D	-0.697^**	-0.757^**	-0.789^**	-0.657^**
成熟期Maturation stage	R_0.25	-0.806^**	-0.783^**	-0.599^**	-0.738^**
	MWD	-0.411^*	-0.492^*	-0.468^*	-0.500^*
	GMD	-0.509^**	-0.407^*	-0.573^**	-0.461^*
	PAD	-0.606^**	-0.552^**	-0.627^**	-0.545^**
	D	-0.825^**	-0.832^**	-0.788^**	-0.806^**

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