不同年代玉米品种灌浆期的光合特征对高温适应性的初步研究

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2021.04.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探讨随时代发展我国玉米品种在更替过程中植株光合特征对灌浆期高温胁迫的适应性,选用3个不同年代的玉米主栽品种白单4号（1960s）、中单2号（1980s）和郑单958（2000s）,设置2个播种期（2018年4月15日和4月25日）形成2个灌浆期高温胁迫处理,比较2种便携式光合分析仪（SPAD-502叶绿素仪和SunScan植物冠层分析仪）测定灌浆期穗位叶叶绿素相对含量（SPAD）、群体叶面积指数（LAI）和群体基部光合有效辐射（PAR）等光合特征的差异,对基于籽粒产量计算得到的耐热指数（STI）与SPAD、LAI和基部PAR进行相关性分析。结果表明,玉米品种随着时代的发展,遭受灌浆期高温胁迫后,产量逐渐提高、产量降幅逐渐减少、STI逐渐提高;单株玉米穗位叶的SPAD值和群体LAI的降幅逐渐减少,群体基部PAR的增幅逐渐减少;STI与SPAD值、LAI的降幅、基部PAR的增幅均达显著负相关（P<0.05）。综合研究结果可知,玉米品种随着时代的发展增强了自身对灌浆期高温的适应能力,当遭受灌浆期高温胁迫时,能够保持较高的单株叶片光合能力、群体光合有效辐射的截获和利用能力,进而提供充足的光合同化物,满足产量形成的需要。

关键词: 玉米, 演替, 灌浆期, 耐热性, 冠层

Abstract:

In order to investigate the adaptation of the photosynthetic properties of plants in the process of maize evolution at grain filling stage to high temperature stress over time in China, three main varieties of maize from three different epochs were selected which were Baidan 4 (1960s), Zhongdan 2 (1980s) and Zhengdan 958 (2000s). High temperature stress treatment at grain filling stage was formed by setting two sowing dates on April 15th and 25th, 2018. We compared the differences in relative chlorophyll content (SPAD), population leaf area index (LAI) and photosynthetic effective radiation (PAR) at the base of the population at the filling stage by using two portables photosynthetic analysers (SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter and SunScan plant canopy analyzer). Moreover, the correlations between stress tolerance indices (STI) and SPAD, LAI and PAR at the base of population were analyzed. The results showed that with the development of times, the yield of the maize varieties increased gradually after they were subjected to high temperature stress during the grain filling period, STI gradually increased; and decline of SPAD value of ear leaf and LAI of population were decline, and increase of PAR at population base of maize was also reduced. STI were significantly negatively correlated with the decline of SPAD and LAI, and the increase of PAR at population base (P < 0.05). It was shown that the evolution of the maize varieties over time has improved their ability to adapt to high temperatures during the grain filling period, if the maize was exposed to a high temperature load during the grain filling, the photosynthetic capacity of individual maize leaves and the interception and utilization of photosynthetic radiation of the population in the case of new varieties are not reduced more than in the case of old varieties in order to provide sufficient photosynthesis to cover the demand of yield formation.

Key words: Maize, Evolution, Grain filling stage, Heat tolerance, Canopy

陶志强, 闫鹏, 张学鹏. 不同年代玉米品种灌浆期的光合特征对高温适应性的初步研究[J]. 作物杂志, 2021 (4): 73–79

Tao Zhiqiang, Yan Peng, Zhang Xuepeng. Preliminary Study on the Adaptation of Photosynthetic Characteristics to High Temperature at Grain Filling Stages in Different Eras Maize Varieties[J]. Crops, 2021(4): 73–79

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播种期（月-日） Sowing date (month-day)	品种 Variety	开花后0~50d（月-日） 0-50 days after anthesis (month-day)	≥33℃天数 ≥33℃ days (d)	日均温 Mean day temperature (℃)
04-15	白单4号	07-03–08-23	15	28.3
	中单2号	07-02–08-21	15	28.3
	郑单958	06-30–08-19	15	28.3
04-25	白单4号	07-14–09-02	10	26.8
	中单2号	07-12–08-31	10	26.8
	郑单958	07-10–08-29	10	26.8