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作物杂志,2021, 第6期: 145–151 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2021.06.023

• 生理生化·植物营养·栽培耕作 • 上一篇    下一篇

稻鱼共作对水稻叶绿素荧光特征及产量的影响

王奇1(), 李妹娟2, 章家恩3,4,5,6(), 汤嘉欣1, 曾文静1, 周磊1, 杨清心1, 江明敏1, 伍嘉源1, 罗明珠1()   

  1. 1华南农业大学农学院,510642,广东广州
    2广东省农业科学院水稻研究所,510640,广东广州
    3华南农业大学资源环境学院,510642,广东广州
    4广东省生态循环农业重点实验室,510642,广东广州
    5广东省现代生态农业与循环农业工程技术研究中心,510642,广东广州
    6农业农村部华南热带农业环境重点实验室,510642,广东广州
  • 收稿日期:2021-01-21 修回日期:2021-05-12 出版日期:2021-12-15 发布日期:2021-12-16
  • 通讯作者: 章家恩,罗明珠
  • 作者简介:王奇,主要从事作物栽培与农业生态学研究,E-mail： 312548392@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    广东省科技计划项目(2019B030301007);广东省现代农业产业技术体系建设项目(2019KJ105)

Effects of Rice-Fish Co-Culture on Chlorophyll Fluorescence Characteristics and Yield in Rice

Wang Qi1(), Li Meijuan2, Zhang Jia’en3,4,5,6(), Tang Jiaxin1, Zeng Wenjing1, Zhou Lei1, Yang Qingxin1, Jiang Mingmin1, Wu Jiayuan1, Luo Mingzhu1()   

  1. 1College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
    2Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
    3College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong,China
    4Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
    5Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Modern Eco-Agriculture and Circular Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
    6Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
  • Received:2021-01-21 Revised:2021-05-12 Online:2021-12-15 Published:2021-12-16
  • Contact: Zhang Jia’en,Luo Mingzhu

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摘要：

为探究稻鱼共作系统对水稻叶绿素含量（SPAD值）、荧光参数及产量的影响,设置9000（M1）、15 000（M2）和21 000尾/hm2（M3）稻田鱼放养密度,以水稻单作为对照（CK）,测定水稻不同生育期叶片SPAD值、叶绿素荧光参数和水稻产量及其构成要素。结果表明,与CK相比,在水稻分蘖期和成熟期,各处理叶片光合系统Ⅱ的最大光化学量子产量（Fv/Fm）和潜在光化学活性（Fv/Fo）均显著提高,且成熟期M1和M2处理的剑叶非光化学猝灭系数qN和NPQ均显著降低;抽穗期各处理SPAD值均比CK显著提高。与CK相比,各处理结实率均显著提高,实际产量均增加,田鱼产量表现为M2>M3>M1,但无显著差异。相关性分析表明,水稻叶片SPAD值、Fv/Fo、Fv/Fm与有效穗数、结实率和产量呈显著正相关,qN和NPQ与穗粒数呈显著负相关。综上,稻鱼共作系统提高了光能转化效率,减少了光能热耗散,改善了水稻的光合特性,有利于稳定及提高水稻产量。本试验中稻田鱼15000尾/hm2为适宜的放养密度。

关键词: 稻鱼共作, SPAD, 叶绿素荧光参数, 产量

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of rice-fish co-culture on chlorophyll content (SPAD value), fluorescence parameters and yield in rice, the field plot experiment of three treatments was designed with three field fish stocking densities, 9 000 tails/ha (M1), 15 000 tails/ha (M2), and 21 000 tails/ha (M3), taking the rice monoculture as control (CK), the SPAD values and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of rice leaves were determined respectively, and rice yield and its components were measured. The results showed that compared with CK, the PSⅡ maximum photochemical quantum yield (Fv/Fm) and PSII potential photochemical activity (Fv/Fo) of rice leaves of the co-culture treatment significantly increased at tillering stage and maturity stage; At maturity stage, the non-photochemical quenching coefficient (qN and NPQ) of rice leaves were significantly reduced in M1 and M2 treatments; At heading stage, SPAD value of rice leaves of three rice-fish co-culture treatments were significantly increased compared with CK. The seed-setting rates of M1, M2 and M3 treatments were also significantly increased, the actual yield of rice under treatments of rice-fish co-culture showed no significant difference, and the yield of field fish showed a trend of M2 > M3 > M1, but there was no significant difference among them. Correlation analysis results showed that SPAD value, Fv/Fo, Fv/Fm and productive panicle, seed-setting rate and yield were positively correlated, while the qN and NPQ negatively correlated with grain number per panicle. To sum up, the rice-fish co-culture could improve the efficiency of conversion of light energy and the photosynthetic characteristics of rice, reduce the heat dissipation energy, this would help to sustain or even improve rice yield, and 15 000 tails/ha was the more suitable stocking density of field fish.

Key words: Rice-fish co-culture, SPAD, Chlorophyll fluorescence parameter, Yield

图1

不同稻鱼共作处理下水稻叶片SPAD值 不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著（P<0.05）。下同

表1

不同稻鱼共作处理下分蘖期水稻剑叶的叶绿素荧光参数

处理Treatment YⅡ qN NPQ Fv/Fo Fv/Fm
CK 0.302±0.001a 0.56±0.004a 1.00±0.02a 5.20±0.07b 0.839±0.002b
M1 0.318±0.004a 0.54±0.014a 0.92±0.05a 5.64±0.14a 0.849±0.003a
M2 0.320±0.004a 0.55±0.040a 0.98±0.13a 5.58±0.08a 0.848±0.002a
M3 0.296±0.020a 0.57±0.019a 1.04±0.06a 5.59±0.04a 0.848±0.001a

表2

不同稻鱼共作处理下抽穗期水稻剑叶的叶绿素荧光参数

处理Treatment YⅡ qN NPQ Fv/Fo Fv/Fm
CK 0.320±0.013a 0.58±0.030a 1.08±0.12a 5.19±0.02b 0.838±0.001b
M1 0.332±0.009a 0.56±0.012a 0.96±0.04a 5.34±0.06ab 0.842±0.002ab
M2 0.323±0.002a 0.58±0.004a 1.05±0.02a 5.49±0.12a 0.846±0.003a
M3 0.337±0.004a 0.59±0.007a 1.08±0.03a 5.44±0.07ab 0.845±0.002a

表3

不同稻鱼共作处理下成熟期水稻剑叶的叶绿素荧光参数

处理Treatment YⅡ qN NPQ Fv/Fo Fv/Fm
CK 0.214±0.041a 0.54±0.009a 0.84±0.03a 3.19±0.08b 0.761±0.005b
M1 0.208±0.038a 0.49±0.007c 0.70±0.02c 3.63±0.21a 0.783±0.010a
M2 0.208±0.050a 0.50±0.004bc 0.73±0.01bc 3.71±0.06a 0.788±0.002a
M3 0.229±0.028a 0.52±0.012ab 0.81±0.04ab 3.84±0.09a 0.793±0.004a

表4

不同稻鱼共作处理下水稻产量及其构成要素和田鱼产量及存活率

处理
Treatment		 有效穗数
Productive panicle
(×104/hm2)		 穗粒数
Grain number
per panicle		 千粒重
1000-grain
weight (g)		 结实率
Seed-setting
rate (%)		 水稻产量
Rice yield
(t/hm2)		 存活率
Survival
rate (%)		 田鱼产量
Fish yield
(kg/hm2)
CK 447.22±10.02a 105.26±1.09c 18.57±0.10a 68.92±0.76b 5.02±0.13a / /
M1 435.00±24.11a 123.97±4.87a 19.76±0.51a 73.29±0.66a 5.03±0.31a 62.96±9.71a 177.78±23.37a
M2 472.50±11.46a 116.71±1.59ab 19.49±0.45a 74.19±1.86a 5.47±0.39a 56.67±5.05a 189.11±27.31a
M3 500.00±28.83a 113.52±2.95bc 19.76±0.25a 73.15±0.72a 5.60±0.37a 45.71±10.72a 182.50±4.82a

表5

成熟期SPAD值、叶绿素荧光参数与水稻产量及其构成要素的相关性分析

指标
Index		 SPAD qN NPQ Fv/Fo Fv/Fm 有效穗数
Productive
panicle		 穗粒数
Grain number
per panicle		 千粒重
1000-grain
weight		 结实率
Seed-setting
rate
qN -0.569
NPQ -0.501 0.983**
Fv/Fo 0.492 -0.371 -0.209
Fv/Fm 0.513 -0.394 -0.233 0.998**
有效穗数Productive panicle 0.708* -0.123 0.015 0.702* 0.711*
穗粒数Grain number per panicle 0.274 -0.686* -0.649* 0.208 0.242 0.131
千粒重1000-grain weight 0.350 -0.421 -0.313 0.470 0.476 0.357 0.543
结实率Seed-setting rate 0.658* -0.473 -0.360 0.630* 0.643* 0.662* 0.433 0.382
产量Yield 0.628* -0.131 -0.002 0.605* 0.615* 0.843** 0.178 0.491 0.831**
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