头季留茬高度对水稻再生季产量和稻米品质的影响

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2021.06.026

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究头季留茬高度对水稻再生季产量形成和稻米品质的影响,为实现再生季高产优质提供理论依据。以杂交稻新两优223和常规稻黄华占为试验材料。头季收割时设置40（高留茬,HS）、20（中留茬,MS）和5cm（低留茬,LS）3种留茬高度处理,考察不同节位再生穗产量构成因子、稻米品质、叶面积指数、氮素含量及净光合速率（P_n）等指标。结果表明,随留茬高度降低,2个品种产量均呈下降趋势,再生季HS处理产量（4.13t/hm²）比MS和LS处理分别高9.9%和16.3%。随留茬高度降低,再生季稻米碾磨品质显著下降,新两优223整精米率下降幅度显著大于黄华占,前者HS处理分别比MS和LS处理高26.8%和59.7%;随留茬高度降低,稻米外观品质显著提升,蛋白质含量下降,直链淀粉含量无显著变化。再生季水稻主茎、叶片和新芽的氮素含量与产量呈显著正相关,HS和MS处理的P_n显著高于LS处理。综上所述,根据品种特性,调节头季收割留茬高度,可促进水稻再生季产量和品质协同提高。

关键词: 再生稻, 留茬高度, 产量, 稻米品质, 光合特性

Abstract:

The effects of stubble height in the main season on yield formation and rice quality of the ratoon season were studied to provide theoretical basis for achieving high yield and quality in the ratoon season. Hybrid rice Xinliangyou 223 and conventional rice Huanghuazhan were used as experimental materials. Three stubble heights, 40(high stubble, HS), 20 (middle stubble, MS) and 5cm (low stubble, LS) were designed in main season, and components of different nodes yield, ratoon season rice quality, leaf area index, nitrogen content, net photosynthetic rate (P_n) in ratoon season were studied. The results showed that the yield of the two cultivars decreased with the decrease of stubble height, and the yield of HS treatment (4.13t/ha) was 9.9% and 16.3% higher than that of MS and LS treatments. With the decrease of stubble height, the milling quality of ratooning rice was significantly decreased, and the head rice rate of Xinliangyou 223 was significantly decreased than that of Huanghuazhan. The HS treatment of Xinliangyou 223 was 26.8% and 59.7% higher than that of MS and LS treatments, respectively. With the decrease of stubble height, appearance quality of rice was significantly improved, protein contents decreased, and amylose contents had no significant change. Nitrogen contents of main stems, leaves and new buds in ratoon season were significantly positively correlated with yield, and P_n of HS and MS treatments were significantly higher than that of LS treatment. In conclusion, according to the characteristics of varieties, the stubble height in the main season should be adjusted to promote the synergistic improvement of yield and quality in the ratoon season.

Key words: Ratooning rice, Stubble height, Yield, Rice quality, Photosynthetic characteristics

李阳, 杨晓龙, 汪本福, 张枝盛, 陈少愚, 李进兰, 程建平. 头季留茬高度对水稻再生季产量和稻米品质的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2021 (6): 164–170

Li Yang, Yang Xiaolong, Wang Benfu, Zhang Zhisheng, Chen Shaoyu, Li Jinlan, Cheng Jianping. Effects of Main Season Stubble Height on Ratoon Season Yield and Rice Quality[J]. Crops, 2021(6): 164–170

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年份 Year	品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	有效穗数 Effective panicles (×10⁶/hm²)	穗粒数 Spikelets per panicle	结实率 Seed-setting rate (%)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	产量 Yield (t/hm²)
2015	新两优223	HS	3.92a	62.5d	73.7c	25.3b	4.45a
		MS	3.36b	68.2c	74.1c	25.4b	4.41a
		LS	2.61d	74.4b	72.7c	27.1a	3.83b
	黄华占	HS	3.13bc	59.4d	86.5a	24.0c	3.70c
		MS	2.98c	63.1d	85.5a	22.2d	3.51d
		LS	2.59d	84.4a	78.7b	19.6e	3.32d
2017	新两优223	HS	3.97a	64.8c	74.0c	25.2b	4.75a
		MS	3.27b	62.0c	73.8c	25.1b	3.91b
		LS	2.70d	74.5b	72.4c	26.9a	3.91b
	黄华占	HS	2.99c	58.6c	85.8a	24.3c	3.60c
		MS	2.93cd	58.7c	85.9a	21.7d	3.18d
		LS	2.10e	96.7a	78.5b	19.8e	3.13e

年份 Year	品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	糙米率 Brown rice rate (%)	整精米率 Head rice rate (%)	垩白粒率 Chalky grain rate (%)	垩白度 Chalkiness degree	直链淀粉含量 Amylose content (%)	蛋白质含量 Protein content (%)
2015	新两优223	HS	78.62a	44.56c	14.30a	2.37a	14.95b	9.69a
		MS	78.13a	35.28c	12.99b	1.70b	15.09b	9.56a
		LS	76.11b	28.29d	11.07c	1.47b	15.04b	9.22b
	黄华占	HS	75.40bc	65.00a	8.92d	2.29a	18.30a	7.27c
		MS	74.10c	63.70a	7.58e	1.79b	17.70a	6.27d
		LS	71.90d	62.90a	6.07f	1.66b	18.10a	5.98e
2017	新两优223	HS	77.00a	44.20c	14.20a	2.40a	14.90b	9.70a
		MS	76.00ab	34.70d	12.70b	1.71bc	15.10b	9.61a
		LS	74.90bc	27.30e	11.20c	1.49c	15.20b	9.21b
	黄华占	HS	76.50ab	64.20a	8.84d	2.28a	18.40a	7.27c
		MS	73.50cd	63.30ab	8.54e	1.78b	18.10a	6.26d
		LS	71.70d	61.50b	5.99f	1.66bc	18.40a	5.84e

项目 Item	糙米率 Brown rice rate (%)	整精米率 Head rice rate (%)	垩白粒率 Chalky grain rate (%)	垩白度 Chalkiness degree	直链淀粉含量 Amylose content (%)	蛋白质含量 Protein content (%)
年份Year (Y)	*	ns	ns	ns	*	ns
品种Variety (V)	**	**	**	ns	**	**
处理Treatment (T)	**	**	**	**	ns	**
品种×年份V×Y	*	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
处理×年份T×Y	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
处理×品种T×V	*	**	ns	ns	*	**
处理×品种×年份 T×V×Y	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns

年份Year	品种Variety	处理Treatment	P_n [μmol/(m²·s)]	G_s [mmol/(m²·s)]	C_i (μmol/mol)	T_r [mmol/(m²·s)]
2015	新两优223	HS	23.0a	0.723b	312.0ab	7.49a
		MS	22.5a	0.612c	285.0b	7.22a
		LS	19.3d	0.275e	228.4c	7.33a
	黄华占	HS	22.1a	0.912a	339.2a	6.40b
		MS	21.0b	0.604c	310.8ab	5.83c
		LS	20.3c	0.516d	304.7b	5.51c
2017	新两优223	HS	22.8a	0.658b	301.5b	9.10a
		MS	22.4a	0.502c	274.8c	8.76a
		LS	21.5b	0.218d	266.8c	8.86a
	黄华占	HS	22.1a	0.854a	340.2a	6.52b
		MS	21.6b	0.616b	327.0ab	6.34b
		LS	19.4c	0.424c	326.7ab	4.20c