不同春小麦品种对氮肥处理的响应

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2021.06.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究春小麦品种对氮肥的响应特征,采用盆栽方式,选用来自埃及的Egypt1和Egypt2、来自我国天津的津强6号和津强11号4个春小麦品种,设不施氮（B1）、施尿素1g/盆（B2）和施尿素1.5g/盆（B3）3个施氮处理,于小麦成熟期测定植株性状、产量和籽粒蛋白质及其组分含量。结果表明,Egypt2的穗长、穗粒数、小穗数、千粒重、产量均高于津强6号,但津强6号的籽粒总蛋白、清蛋白、醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白含量最高;随着拔节期施氮量的增加,小麦穗粒数、千粒重、产量、蛋白质及其组分含量均逐渐增高,其中B3处理最高;不同处理组合中,施氮量较高处理下Egypt2的千粒重和产量最高,施氮量较高的津强6号的籽粒总蛋白质及其组分含量最高,拔节期施氮量增多,有利于提高小麦产量、总蛋白质及其组分含量。由此可知,不同品种中,Egypt2的产量最高,津强6号的总蛋白质含量最高;合理施氮肥可以提高小麦的产量和品质,施尿素1.5g/盆的氮肥处理小麦生长最好。品种和施氮量对小麦的产量和品质有较大影响。

关键词: 春小麦, 拔节期, 施氮量, 产量, 蛋白质含量

Abstract:

To explore the response of spring wheat varieties to nitrogen treatment, pot experiment was conducted with Egypt1 and Egypt2 (coming from Egypt), Jinqiang 6 and Jinqiang 11 (coming from Tianjin, China) spring wheat varieties, under no nitrogen (B1), urea 1g/pot (B2), urea 1.5g/pot (B3) nitrogen treatments. Plant characteristics, yield, protein content and its components were measured at maturity stage. The results showed that the spike length, number of grains per spike, number of spikelets, 1000-grain weight, and grain yield of Egypt2 were all higher than those of Jinqiang 6, but Jinqiang 6 had the highest total protein content, albumin, prolamin and glutelin. With the increase in the amount of N applied at jointing stage, the number of grains per spike, the 1000-grain weight, the grain yield, the content of protein and its constituents of wheat gradually increased, and the B3 treatment was the highest. Among the different treatment combinations, Egypt2 with the higher nitrogen input had the highest 1000-grain weight and yield, while Jinqiang 6 with the higher nitrogen input had the highest content of total protein and its components in the grain. Increasing the nitrogen supply at jointing stage was beneficial to increase the wheat yield, the contents of total protein and its constituents. In conclusion, the yield of Egypt2 was the highest and the protein content of Jinqiang 6 was the highest. Wheat yield and quality were improved by the rational application of nitrogen fertilizer, and wheat growth was best when 1.5g/pot of urea was applied. The variety and the amount of nitrogen applied had a major influence on the yield and quality of wheat.

Key words: Spring wheat, Jointing stage, Nitrogen application rate, Yield, Protein content

高甜甜, 王德梅, 王艳杰, 杨玉双, 常旭虹, 赵广才. 不同春小麦品种对氮肥处理的响应[J]. 作物杂志, 2021 (6): 67–71

Gao Tiantian, Wang Demei, Wang Yanjie, Yang Yushuang, Chang Xuhong, Zhao Guangcai. Response of Different Spring Wheat Varieties to Nitrogen Treatment[J]. Crops, 2021(6): 67–71

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品种 Variety	株高 Plant height (cm)	穗长 Spike length (cm)	穗粒数 Grains per spike	总小穗数 Total spikelet	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	产量（g/盆） Grain yield (g/pot)
A1	48.06±1.51cC	6.29±0.28cC	21.38±0.56cB	17.16±0.41bAB	46.13±3.16bB	7.86±0.59cC
A2	57.83±1.70bB	7.16±0.20aA	32.79±1.56aA	18.00±0.38aA	55.88±1.81aA	14.66±0.77aA
A3	61.30±2.94aA	6.98±0.22aAB	31.61±1.55abA	15.17±0.59dC	44.08±1.35cB	11.16±0.79bB
A4	40.54±3.06dD	6.68±0.37bB	31.38±0.66bA	16.30±0.87cB	45.70±0.62bcB	11.49±0.23bB

处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height (cm)	穗长 Spike length (cm)	穗粒数 Grains per spike	总小穗数 Total spikelet	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	产量（g/盆） Grain yield (g/pot)
B1	52.51±9.30aA	6.92±0.38aA	29.08±5.09aA	16.65±1.35aA	47.30±4.57bA	11.03±2.64aA
B2	52.57±8.77aA	6.68±0.48aA	29.33±4.54aA	16.78±1.09aA	47.51±5.38bA	11.22±2.47aA
B3	50.73±8.36aA	6.73±0.41aA	29.46±5.17aA	16.54±1.26aA	49.03±5.48aA	11.62±2.62aA

处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height (cm)	穗长 Spike length (cm)	穗粒数 Grains per spike	总小穗数 Total spikelet	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	产量（g/盆） Grain yield (g/pot)
A1B1	46.43dCD	6.43defCDE	21.07bB	17.23abcABC	45.30cdBC	7.47cC
A1B2	49.00dC	6.10fE	21.90bB	17.23abcABC	44.77dBC	7.83cC
A1B3	48.73dC	6.33efDE	21.17bB	17.00abcABC	48.33cB	8.27cC
A2B1	57.80bcB	7.27aA	33.27aA	18.23aA	53.77bA	14.30aA
A2B2	58.43bcB	6.97abcABCD	32.00aA	17.93aA	56.30abA	14.43aA
A2B3	57.27cB	7.23aAB	33.10aA	17.83abAB	57.57aA	15.23aA
A3B1	64.03aA	7.10abABC	31.20aA	15.07dD	44.23dBC	11.07bB
A3B2	61.67abAB	7.00abcABCD	31.70aA	15.27dD	43.70dC	11.10bB
A3B3	58.20bcB	6.83abcdeABCD	31.93aA	15.17dD	44.30dBC	11.30bB
A4B1	41.77eDE	6.87abcdABCD	30.77aA	16.07cdCD	45.90cdBC	11.30bB
A4B2	41.17eE	6.63bcdeABCDE	31.73aA	16.67bcABCD	45.27cdBC	11.50bB
A4B3	38.70eE	6.53cdefBCDE	31.63aA	16.17cdBCD	45.93cdBC	11.67bB

品种Variety	总蛋白质Total protein	清蛋白Albumin	球蛋白Globulin	醇溶蛋白Prolamin	谷蛋白Glutelin
A1	16.26±1.04bB	3.61±0.22bB	1.93±0.09bB	4.44±0.46abAB	5.95±0.39cB
A2	15.27±0.38cC	3.45±0.12cB	2.13±0.08aA	4.35±0.30bcAB	5.06±0.31dC
A3	18.20±0.94aA	3.92±0.20aA	2.09±0.10aA	4.66±0.28aA	6.73±0.27aA
A4	16.43±0.79bB	3.51±0.11bcB	2.08±0.17aA	4.11±0.15cB	6.41±0.32bA

处理Treatment	总蛋白质Total protein	清蛋白Albumin	球蛋白Globulin	醇溶蛋白Prolamin	谷蛋白Glutelin
B1	16.29±1.18bB	3.58±0.18bA	2.07±0.16abA	4.29±0.27aA	5.95±0.83aA
B2	16.30±1.21bB	3.59±0.22bA	2.01±0.13bA	4.40±0.32aA	5.96±0.69aA
B3	17.03±1.55aA	3.70±0.31aA	2.10±0.11aA	4.47±0.48aA	6.20±0.63aA