增密减氮栽培对杂交籼稻稻米品质的影响

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2024.05.028

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以4个杂交籼稻品种（Y两优900、两优培九、珞优10号和川优6203）为材料，在0（N1）、90（N2）和180 kg/hm² N（N3）3个氮肥及22.2（D1）和33.3株/m²（D2）2个种植密度处理下进行大田试验，以此研究增密减氮栽培对稻米品质的影响。结果表明，两优培九、珞优10号和川优6203在增密减氮栽培（N2D2）下的产量较正常氮正常密度（N3D1）处理分别增加10.0%、9.2%和7.6%，而Y两优900在2个处理间产量差异不显著。N2D2处理显著降低了稻米的加工品质，整精米率降低15.3%；但改善了外观品质，垩白度和垩白粒率分别降低26.9%和9.7%；同时还使直链淀粉和总蛋白含量分别降低6.2%和21.9%。此外，N2D2处理提高了稻米的峰值黏度、热浆黏度、最终黏度和崩解值，降低了消减值。综上，增密减氮栽培对水稻产量和品质的影响存在显著的品种间和年际间差异，整体上表现为在稳定产量的同时改善了稻米的外观品质，显著提高了稻米的蒸煮食味品质，但降低了稻米的加工和营养品质。因此，增密减氮栽培在一定程度上可以协同丰产和优质。

关键词: 氮肥, 种植密度, 稻米品质, 杂交籼稻, 产量

Abstract:

The study took four hybrid indica rice varieties (Y Liangyou 900, Liangyoupeijiu, Luoyou10, and Chuanyou 6203) as materials, and set three nitrogen fertilizer rate of 0 (N1), 90 (N2) and 180 kg/ha N (N3), and two planting density of 22.2 (D1) and 33.3 plants/m² (D2) under field conditions to study the effects of dense planting with reduced nitrogen input practice on grain quality in rice. The results showed that the yield of Liangyoupeijiu, Luoyou10, and Chuanyou 6203 under dense planting with reduced nitrogen input practice (N2D2) increased by 10.0%, 9.2% and 7.6%, respectively, compared with that under normal nitrogen and normal density treatment (N3D1), while the yield of Y Liangyou 900 was not significantly different between the two treatments. Dense planting with reduced nitrogen input practice significantly decreased the milling quality, and the head rice rate reduced by 15.3%, while the appearance quality was improved in N2D2, and chalkiness degree and chalky grain percentage were reduced by 26.9% and 9.7%, respectively. At the same time, amylose content and total protein content were decreased by 6.2% and 21.9% in N2D2, compared with that in N3D1, respectively. In addition, dense planting with reduced nitrogen input practice increased the peak viscosity, hot viscosity, final viscosity and breakdown value, but decreased the setback. In conclusion, the effects of dense planting with reduced nitrogen input practice on rice yield and quality were significantly different between varieties and between years. On the whole, dense planting with reduced nitrogen input practice improved the appearance and cooking and eating quality of rice while increasing yield, but reduced the milling and nutritional quality. Therefore, to a certain extent, dense planting with reduced nitrogen input practice can improve synergistically yield and quality of rice.

Key words: Nitrogen fertilizer, Planting density, Rice quality, Hybrid indica rice, Yield

刘子琛, 尚李岩, 叶佳雨, 盛添, 李瑞杰, 邓俊, 田小海, 张运波, 黄礼英. 增密减氮栽培对杂交籼稻稻米品质的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2024 (5): 194–203

Liu Zichen, Shang Liyan, Ye Jiayu, Sheng Tian, Li Ruijie, Deng Jun, Tian Xiaohai, Zhang Yunbo, Huang Liying. Effects of Dense Planting with Reduced Nitrogen Input Cultivation on the Grain Quality of Hybrid Indica Rice[J]. Crops, 2024(5): 194–203

图/表 9

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

表1

2021和2022年不同氮肥和密度处理下4个杂交稻品种的各蛋白组分含量

品种 Variety	氮肥 Nitrogen	密度 Density
品种 Variety	氮肥 Nitrogen	密度 Density	清蛋白 Albumin	球蛋白 Globulin	醇溶蛋白 Gliadin	谷蛋白 Glutenin	清蛋白 Albumin	球蛋白 Globulin	醇溶蛋白 Gliadin	谷蛋白 Glutenin
YLY900	N1	D1	0.30c	0.94c	0.22c	3.71d	0.34c	1.00c	0.21c	4.06e
		D2	0.26d	0.92c	0.18d	3.58d	0.31d	0.97c	0.11d	3.91e
	N2	D1	0.36b	1.00b	0.23b	4.61b	0.31d	1.13b	0.25b	4.75c
		D2	0.32c	0.94c	0.21c	4.22c	0.39b	1.03c	0.36a	4.48d
	N3	D1	0.40a	1.07a	0.26a	5.28a	0.33c	1.37a	0.35a	6.80a
		D2	0.39a	1.04ab	0.24b	5.12a	0.41a	1.21b	0.24b	6.17b
LYPJ	N1	D1	0.14bc	0.89de	0.19d	4.50d	0.14c	0.93de	0.25c	3.97e
		D2	0.13c	0.87e	0.16e	4.17e	0.12d	0.88e	0.06e	4.03e
	N2	D1	0.16b	0.98bc	0.20c	4.81c	0.18b	1.03c	0.27c	4.64c
		D2	0.15b	0.94cd	0.18d	4.72c	0.15c	0.97cd	0.12d	4.36d
	N3	D1	0.19a	1.15a	0.24a	6.26a	0.12d	1.31a	0.30b	7.88a
		D2	0.18a	1.01b	0.22b	5.20b	0.22a	1.14b	0.32a	7.26b
LY10	N1	D1	0.19d	0.82c	0.18c	3.91c	0.24a	0.96c	0.17d	4.32d
		D2	0.18d	0.80c	0.15d	3.73c	0.17c	0.89c	0.06f	4.06e
	N2	D1	0.20bc	0.97b	0.19bc	4.74b	0.22b	1.07b	0.30a	4.74c
		D2	0.20cd	0.85c	0.19bc	4.57b	0.21b	1.05b	0.22c	4.47d
	N3	D1	0.23a	1.03a	0.22a	5.30a	0.16c	1.22a	0.25b	5.55a
		D2	0.21b	0.98ab	0.20b	5.21a	0.24a	1.09b	0.13e	5.28b
CY6203	N1	D1	0.29d	0.98cd	0.21d	4.17d	0.37e	1.06d	0.27c	4.28c
		D2	0.28d	0.96d	0.17e	3.84e	0.40d	0.99d	0.14e	4.17c
	N2	D1	0.34b	1.03bc	0.26bc	4.65c	0.47a	1.30b	0.26c	4.75b
		D2	0.32c	0.99bcd	0.25c	4.36d	0.34f	1.17c	0.32a	4.68b
	N3	D1	0.35ab	1.28a	0.28a	5.19a	0.43c	1.42a	0.18d	6.02a
		D2	0.37a	1.04b	0.27b	4.95b	0.45b	1.33b	0.29b	5.94a
方差分析Variance analysis
氮肥N			128.39^**	46.50^**	90.11^**	198.88^**	27.06^**	65.58^**	198.56^**	404.52^**
密度D			12.00^**	18.12^**	79.09^**	22.31^**	5.40^*	13.34^**	117.39^**	17.72^**
品种V			646.20^**	15.75^**	27.25^**	40.67^**	497.46^**	42.07^**	63.87^**	14.47^**
N×D			1.05^ns	2.90^ns	7.07^**	0.67^ns	91.27^**	0.95^ns	52.91^**	2.03^ns
N×V			9.08^**	0.64^ns	3.72^*	2.10^ns	4.41^**	1.10^ns	30.53^**	23.93^**
D×V			2.90^ns	0.66^ns	0.26^ns	1.44^ns	23.43^**	0.03^ns	32.97^**	0.97^ns
N×D×V			0.65^ns	1.56^ns	0.73^ns	1.90^ns	31.32^**	0.26^ns	28.00^**	0.80^ns

表1

图6

表2

表3

参考文献 36

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品种Variety	氮肥Nitrogen	密度Density	PV (cP)	HV (cP)	FV (cP)	BKV (cP)	SB (cP)	GT (℃)
YLY900	N1	D1	3266bc	2206b	2788c	1060c	-478e	88.03ab
		D2	3788a	2261b	3592a	1526a	-196c	85.08bc
	N2	D1	3051d	2213b	3009b	838d	-42a	84.08c
		D2	3215c	2445a	3075b	770e	-139b	82.93c
	N3	D1	2618e	1904d	2026d	714f	-592f	89.35a
		D2	3289b	2069c	3051b	1220b	-238d	82.13c
LYPJ	N1	D1	2624a	1693c	3357b	931a	733c	87.23b
		D2	2003e	1854b	2439d	149e	436d	87.48b
	N2	D1	2086d	1994a	2348e	93f	262f	86.15b
		D2	2511b	1677c	3444a	834b	934b	87.28b
	N3	D1	2300c	1565d	3287c	735c	987a	87.75ab
		D2	1966e	1609d	2303e	357d	336e	90.70a
LY10	N1	D1	2920b	2236a	3708b	684c	788b	86.42bc
		D2	3287a	1937d	3648b	1350a	361d	90.12a
	N2	D1	2899bc	2111b	4031a	787b	1133a	86.95bc
		D2	2247e	2035c	2835d	212e	588c	84.82c
	N3	D1	2841c	2125b	2817d	716c	-24e	88.57ab
		D2	2344d	1927d	2928c	416d	585c	87.78abc
CY6203	N1	D1	2159e	2117a	2130e	42f	-29d	85.83c
		D2	2401d	1939b	2575d	462e	174c	87.27bc
	N2	D1	3181a	1568d	3101b	1613a	-80e	90.95a
		D2	2753b	1816c	2161e	936c	-592f	88.25abc
	N3	D1	2504c	1757c	2957c	747d	454b	89.60ab
		D2	3138a	2146a	4005a	992b	867a	89.08ab
方差分析Analysis of variance
氮肥N			52.45^**	31.12^**	12.28^**	3.69^*	26.24^**	1.27^ns
密度D			4.39^*	0.83^ns	4.49^*	4.72^*	0.00^ns	0.73^ns
品种V			434.24^**	132.12^**	139.59^**	797.61^**	807.65^**	4.40^ns
N×D			17.54^**	5.28^*	65.15^**	91.23^**	90.75^**	0.67^ns
N×V			146.78^**	28.91^**	204.46^**	334.79^**	588.01^**	0.88^ns
D×V			69.36^**	15.85^**	140.87^**	91.03^**	50.29^**	2.05^ns
N×D×V			62.90^**	9.12^**	211.25^**	370.00^**	315.37^**	0.93^ns

品种Variety	氮肥Nitrogen	密度Density	PV (cP)	HV (cP)	FV (cP)	BKV (cP)	SB (cP)	GT (℃)
YLY900	N1	D1	3681b	2461bc	3508a	1220b	-174b	83.84ab
		D2	3893a	2584a	3499a	1309a	-395d	82.03bc
	N2	D1	3271d	2334d	3248c	938d	-23a	80.08cd
		D2	3601bc	2483b	3355b	1118c	-246c	78.98d
	N3	D1	3585c	2426bc	3415b	1159c	-170b	85.10a
		D2	3654bc	2391cd	3239c	1264ab	-415e	78.22d
LYPJ	N1	D1	2782b	2139b	3394a	643ab	612a	83.08b
		D2	2936a	2258a	3404a	678a	468d	83.32b
	N2	D1	2637d	2040c	3191b	596c	554b	82.05b
		D2	2723bc	2105bc	3152b	618bc	429e	83.13b
	N3	D1	2665cd	2085bc	3181b	580c	516c	83.57b
		D2	2712bcd	2115bc	3133b	596c	421e	86.38a
LY10	N1	D1	3495b	2539a	3896a	956c	400c	82.30bc
		D2	3716a	2369d	3828a	1347a	113e	85.83a
	N2	D1	3050c	2377cd	3557c	674d	507b	83.48abc
		D2	3482b	2454bc	3693b	1027b	211d	80.78c
	N3	D1	3129c	2462ab	3702b	667d	573a	84.35ab
		D2	3069c	2417bcd	3566c	652d	497b	83.60ab
CY6203	N1	D1	3399b	2377b	3255b	1022c	-144d	81.75c
		D2	3814a	2564a	3471a	1250a	-343f	83.11bc
	N2	D1	3120c	2240c	3158cd	880d	38b	86.62a
		D2	3438b	2286c	3159c	1151b	-279e	84.05abc
	N3	D1	3114c	2246c	3076de	868d	-38c	85.33ab
		D2	2839d	1928d	3059e	910d	221a	83.84bc
方差分析Analysis of variance
氮肥N			95.64^**	16.53^**	44.90^**	103.08^**	447.57^**	1.01^ns
密度D			46.37^**	0.72^ns	0.01^ns	133.46^**	1567.96^**	0.95^ns
品种V			541.97^**	185.41^**	305.16^**	1613.36^**	4159.57^**	4.48^ns
N×D			20.97^**	6.09^**	4.04^*	18.56^**	229.85^**	1.16^ns
N×V			11.07^**	4.22^**	0.58^ns	26.05^**	327.02^**	1.02^ns
D×V			1.10^ns	2.09^ns	0.99^ns	14.00^**	74.59^**	1.90^ns
N×D×V			3.78^**	3.16^*	1.68^ns	6.04^**	99.02^**	1.05^ns