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作物杂志,2025, 第2期: 241–248 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2025.02.033

• 生理生化·植物营养·栽培耕作 • 上一篇    下一篇

海泡石和生物炭对水稻镉和砷吸收积累的影响

江素珍1,2(), 许超2(), 王中元2, 郑沈2, 陈建国1(), 朱捍华2, 黄道友2, 张泉2, 朱奇宏2   

  1. 1中南林业科技大学生命科学与技术学院，410004，湖南长沙
    2中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室/中国科学院长沙农业环境观测研究站，410125，湖南长沙
  • 收稿日期:2024-01-22 修回日期:2024-03-23 出版日期:2025-04-15 发布日期:2025-04-16
  • 通讯作者: 许超,陈建国
  • 作者简介:江素珍，主要从事土壤与环境生态研究，E-mail：1799109560@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(42177025);湖南省重点研发计划(2023NK2026);国家麻类产业技术体系(CARS-16-E09)

Effects of Sepiolite and Biochar on the Uptake and Accumulation of Cadmium and Arsenic in Rice

Jiang Suzhen1,2(), Xu Chao2(), Wang Zhongyuan2, Zheng Shen2, Chen Jianguo1(), Zhu Hanhua2, Huang Daoyou2, Zhang Quan2, Zhu Qihong2   

  1. 1College of Life Sciences and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China
    2Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences / Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, Hunan, China
  • Received:2024-01-22 Revised:2024-03-23 Online:2025-04-15 Published:2025-04-16
  • Contact: Xu Chao,Chen Jianguo

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摘要：

为明确钝化材料（海泡石和生物炭）组配同步降低稻米镉（Cd）、砷（As）的调控机制，采用盆栽试验，研究海泡石（sepiolite，S）、生物炭（biochar，B）、海泡石和生物炭配施（SB，质量比1:1组配）对土壤有效态镉、砷含量、根表铁膜量及其镉、砷固定和水稻各部位镉、砷含量的影响。结果表明，与不施用钝化材料（CK）相比，施用钝化材料显著提高土壤pH，降低土壤有效态Cd含量，对有效态As含量无显著影响。S、B和SB处理土壤pH分别显著提高1.35、1.35和1.18，土壤有效态Cd含量分别显著降低32.6%、38.8%和21.8%。S、B和SB处理根表铁膜Cd含量分别显著降低58.5%、63.6%和55.0%。SB处理根表铁膜As含量显著提高47.2%，对稻田镉、砷复合污染的修复效果最好。稻米Cd与根表铁膜Cd和有效态Cd呈显著正相关，稻米As与根表铁膜As含量呈显著负相关，与茎As含量呈显著正相关。海泡石和生物炭配施同步降低稻米Cd和As含量。

关键词: 钝化材料, 海泡石, 生物炭, 镉, 砷, 吸收, 水稻

Abstract:

In order to clarify the regulatory mechanism of passivator material (sepiolite and biochar) combination to reduce Cd and As in rice, a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of sepiolite (S), biochar (B), sepiolite and biochar combination (SB, mass ratio of 1:1) on the concentration of available Cd and As in soil, the formation of Fe plaque on root surface and its immobilization of Cd and As, and the concentration of Cd and As in rice tissues. The results showed that, compared with no passivator material, the application of passivator material significantly increased soil pH, reduced soil available Cd concentration, and had no significant effect on available As concentration. Compared with CK, the S, B and SB treatments significantly increased soil pH by 1.35, 1.35 and 1.18, and significantly decreased soil available Cd by 32.6%, 38.8% and 21.8% (P < 0.05), respectively. The Cd concentration in iron plaque of the S, B, and SB treatments significantly decreased by 58.5%, 63.6% and 55.0%, respectively. The SB treatment significantly increased the As concentration in iron plaque by 47.2%. The SB treatment had the best remediation effect on Cd and As compound pollution in paddy field. The Cd concentration in rice grains were significantly positively correlated with the concentration of Cd in iron plaque and available Cd in soil, and the As concentration in rice grains was significantly negatively correlated with the concentration of As in iron plaque, significantly positively correlated with the concentration of As in stems. The combination of sepiolite and biochar simultaneously reduced the Cd and As concentration in rice grains.

Key words: Passivator material, Sepiolite, Biochar, Cadmium, Arsenic, Uptake, Rice

表1

供试土壤及钝化材料的基本理化性质

材料
Material		 pH 总Cd
Total Cd (mg/kg)		 总As
Total As (mg/kg)		 总N
Total N (g/kg)		 总P
Total P (g/kg)		 总K
Total K (g/kg)		 有机碳
Organic carbon (g/kg)
供试土壤Test soil 6.03 4.07 147.06 0.74 0.79 13.65 19.86
海泡石Sepiolite 9.07 0.23 0.05
生物炭Biochar 8.30 0.15 0.06

图1

钝化材料对稻谷产量的影响 不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著（P < 0.05），下同。

图2

钝化材料对土壤理化性质的影响

图3

钝化材料对水稻根表铁膜镉、砷和铁含量的影响

表2

钝化材料对水稻各部位Cd和As含量的影响

处理
Treatment		 Cd As
根Root 茎Stem 叶Leaf 稻米Rice 根Root 茎Stem 叶Leaf 稻米Rice
CK 9.78±0.41a 1.89±0.13a 0.97±0.09a 0.20±0.02a 15.58±0.88b 13.29±0.62a 11.71±0.18a 1.01±0.04a
S 2.74±0.15b 0.84±0.04b 0.34±0.02b 0.12±0.01b 16.14±1.50b 14.35±0.65a 12.26±0.16a 1.11±0.06a
B 2.59±0.23bc 0.69±0.05b 0.31±0.01b 0.13±0.00b 18.12±0.23ab 14.14±0.70a 14.03±1.28a 1.07±0.02a
SB 1.84±0.16c 0.74±0.07b 0.32±0.03b 0.14±0.01b 20.38±1.11a 11.35±0.37b 12.39±0.54a 0.78±0.02b

图4

不同指标相关性分析 CdR：根Cd含量，CdS：茎Cd含量，CdL：叶Cd含量，CdG：米Cd含量，AsR：根As含量，AsS：茎As含量，AsL：叶As含量，AsG：米As含量，CdIP：根表铁膜Cd含量，AsIP：根表铁膜As含量，FeIP：根表铁膜Fe含量，A-Cd：有效态Cd含量，A-As：有效态As含量，A-Fe：有效态Fe含量。“*”、“**”和“***”分别表示在P < 0.05、P < 0.01和P < 0.001水平显著相关。

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