新型化控组合对玉米光合性能和产量提升的影响

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2025.06.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

增加种植密度提高了玉米（Zea mays L.）产量，但加剧了倒伏风险；喷施乙烯利可增强玉米倒伏抗性，却对产量存在不利影响。为进一步提高产量，于2023-2024年，以郑单958为材料，设置清水（CK）、乙烯利（ETH）、增效剂（胺鲜酯+二氢卟吩铁，CAD）和组合化控（PHS）4种调控方式，测定光合特性、干物质积累与分配及产量相关指标，探索了新型调节剂二氢卟吩铁复配增效剂与乙烯利配施对玉米光合性能和产量的影响。结果表明，与CK处理相比，ETH处理下玉米的光合势、净光合速率（P_n）和成熟期干物质积累量分别下降25.70%、13.93%和8.54%，穗粒数下降9.00%，千粒重没有明显变化，最终导致产量下降11.07%；CAD处理提高了玉米的叶面积和相对叶绿素含量（SPAD值），P_n提高17.97%，进而提高了成熟期干物质积累量，且干物质向茎秆和叶片中的分配比例分别增加了3.55%和1.43%，最终促使产量提高7.81%；PHS处理有效缓解了乙烯利对叶面积和光合势的负面影响，成熟期SPAD值提高26.55%，延缓了植株衰老进程，P_n提高23.53%，干物质积累量和收获指数同样提高，促使产量提升7.76%。综上所述，乙烯利配施增效剂可通过提高玉米叶面积和SPAD值改善光合性能，进而提高干物质积累量和收获指数，缓解了传统抗倒伏调控方案对产量的负面影响。

关键词: 乙烯利, 二氢卟吩铁, 植物生长调节剂, 净光合速率, 干物质积累量, 玉米

Abstract:

Increasing planting density improves maize (Zea mays L.) yields while exacerbating the risk of lodging; spraying ethephon enhances maize lodging resistance but has adverse effects on yield. To further improve yield, this study was conducted from 2023 to 2024 using Zhengdan 958 as the experimental material. Four regulation methods were set: clear water (CK), ethephon (ETH), a synergist combination (diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate+iron chlorin e6, CAD), and a combined chemical regulation (PHS). Photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation and distribution, and yield-related indicators were measured to explore the effects of the novel regulator iron chlorin e6 compounded with a synergist, and its combined application with ethephon, on maize photosynthetic performance and yield. The results showed that compared with the CK treatment, the ETH treatment decreased maize photosynthetic potential, net photosynthetic rate (P_n), and dry matter accumulation at maturity by 25.70%, 13.93%, and 8.54%, respectively. The number of kernels per ear decreased by 9.00%, while 1000-grain weight showed no significant change, ultimately leading to an 11.07% decrease in yield. The CAD treatment increased maize leaf area and relative chlorophyll content (SPAD value), and increased P_n by 17.97%, which in turn increased dry matter accumulation at maturity. The proportion of dry matter allocated to stems and leaves also increased by 3.55% and 1.43%, respectively, ultimately promoting a 7.81% increase in yield. The PHS treatment effectively mitigated the negative effects of ethephon on leaf area and photosynthetic potential. It increased the SPAD value at maturity by 26.55%, delayed the plant senescence process, and increased P_n by 23.53%. Dry matter accumulation and harvest index also increased, promoting a 7.76% increase in final yield. In conclusion, ethephon combined with synergist can improve maize photosynthetic performance by increasing leaf area and SPAD value, thereby increasing dry matter accumulation and harvest index, and mitigating the negative impact of traditional anti-lodging regulation strategies on yield.

Key words: Ethephon, Iron chlorin e6, Plant growth regulator, Net photosynthetic rate, Dry matter accumulation, Maize

王志, 周文丽, 赵耀, 刘正, 李从锋, 张仁和. 新型化控组合对玉米光合性能和产量提升的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2025 (6): 112–120

Wang Zhi, Zhou Wenli, Zhao Yao, Liu Zheng, Li Congfeng, Zhang Renhe. Effects of New Chemical Control Combinations on Photosynthetic Performance and Yield Improvement of Maize[J]. Crops, 2025(6): 112–120

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年份Year	处理Treatment	穗数Ear number (×10⁴ /hm²)	穗粒数Kernels per ear	千粒重1000-grain weight (g)	收获指数HI
2023	CK	7.54±0.6a	470.6±11.2b	304.5±8.5b	0.50±0.02b
	ETH	7.64±1.2a	433.4±13.6c	305.0±11.2b	0.55±0.01a
	CAD	7.69±1.3a	506.2±2.1a	339.5±4.4a	0.46±0.01c
	PHS	7.60±0.6a	495.2±5.1a	320.9±19.6a	0.53±0.02ab
2024	CK	7.73±1.6b	497.3±27.8ab	312.9±9.1b	0.50±0.01b
	ETH	7.74±2.1b	466.7±33.3c	307.9±4.6b	0.54±0.02a
	CAD	7.99±1.3a	512.8±11.0a	334.8±2.3a	0.45±0.01c
	PHS	8.07±1.2a	518.5±15.7a	328.3±9.5ab	0.53±0.03ab
年份Year		ns	*	ns	ns
处理Treatment		ns	**	*	**