块根分化建成期干旱―复水对甘薯根系活性氧代谢与内源激素的影响

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.01.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用盆栽土培方式在块根分化建成的不同时期开展干旱试验，分析甘薯根系活性氧代谢以及内源激素含量的变化。结果表明：干旱胁迫导致甘薯单株鲜薯重下降，且干旱时间越早影响越大；与正常灌水处理（CK）相比，干旱胁迫下甘薯根系超氧阴离子（O₂^-.）含量显著降低，过氧化氢（H₂O₂）含量显著增加；复水后H₂O₂增长幅度被有效抑制。不同时期的干旱胁迫均会导致甘薯根系过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性下降，抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）活性在甘薯块根分化建成的前中后期遭遇干旱胁迫时显著提升。结果表明甘薯根系遇到干旱胁迫时主要依靠APX清除活性氧，前中期干旱时超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）对活性氧清除也做出较大贡献。待复水后，甘薯根系APX活性降低，而POD活性相对增加，说明复水后甘薯根系通过增强POD活性提高抗氧化能力，以恢复干旱胁迫所带来的伤害。此外，干旱胁迫下甘薯根系游离脯氨酸含量增加，作为渗透调节物质抵御干旱胁迫，复水后根系脯氨酸含量降低。与CK处理相比，D_8-14和D_15-21处理的甘薯根系脱落酸（ABA）和茉莉酸（JA）含量显著增加，而赤霉素和吲哚乙酸含量显著降低，且降低幅度均小于ABA和JA的增加幅度。在块根分化建成后期进行干旱处理（D_22-28）时，甘薯根系的这4种内源激素含量变化均未达到显著水平。说明甘薯在块根分化建成前期和中期受到干旱胁迫时，主要通过升高根系ABA和JA的含量来应对胁迫，但在块根膨大期遭遇干旱胁迫时，仅JA有显著的增加。

关键词: 甘薯, 干旱, 块根分化建成, 内源激素, 活性氧代谢

Abstract:

Drought experiments were carried out in different stages of tuberous root differentiation and formation by potting soil cultivation to analyze the changes of reactive oxygen species metabolism and endogenous hormone content in sweetpotato roots. The results showed that drought stress caused the decrease of sweetpotato fresh tuber weight per plant, and the earlier the drought, the greater the effect. Compared with normal irrigation treatment (CK), the O₂^-. content in sweetpotato roots was significantly decreased and H₂O₂ content was significantly increased under drought stress. The increase of H₂O₂ was effectively inhibited after rehydration. Drought stress at different periods resulted in the decrease of activities of peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) in sweetpotato roots, and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity increased significantly in early, middle and late stages of sweetpotato root differentiation and formation under drought stress. The results showed that the root system of sweetpotato mainly relied on APX to remove reactive oxygen species under drought stress, and SOD also made great contribution to the removal of reactive oxygen species during the early and middle stages of drought stress. After rehydration, the APX activity in sweetpotato roots decreased, while POD activity increased, indicating that sweetpotato root recovered the damage caused by drought stress by enhancing POD activity to improve antioxidant capacity after rehydration. In addition, the free proline content in sweetpotato roots increased under drought stress, and as an osmotic regulator to resist drought stress, the proline content in sweetpotato roots decreased after rehydration. Compared with CK, the contents of ABA and JA in sweetpotato roots for the treatments of D_8-14 and D_15-21 were significantly increased, while the contents of GA and IAA were significantly decreased, and the decreasing ranges were smaller than the increasing ranges of ABA and JA. When drought treatment (D_22-28) was carried out at late stage of root differentiation and formation, the contents of these four endogenous hormones in sweetpotato roots did not change significantly. These results indicated that when sweetpotato was subjected to drought stress in early and middle stages of tuberous root differentiation and formation, it responded strongly by increasing the contents of JA and ABA in roots. However, when sweetpotato was subjected to drought stress during tuberous root differentiation and formation stage, only JA had a significant increase.

Key words: Sweetpotato, Drought, Tuber differentiation and formation, Endogenous hormone, Reactive oxygen species metabolism

吴昊, 贺金萍, 廖朝霞, 薛承康, 吴瑶瑶, 李宗芸, 刘敬然. 块根分化建成期干旱―复水对甘薯根系活性氧代谢与内源激素的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2026 (1): 111–117

Wu Hao, He Jinping, Liao Zhaoxia, Xue Chengkang, Wu Yaoyao, Li Zongyun, Liu Jingran. Effects of Drought and Re-Watering on Reactive Oxygen Species Metabolism and Endogenous Hormones in Sweetpotato Roots during Tuberous Root Differentiation and Formation Stage[J]. Crops, 2026(1): 111–117

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