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作物杂志,2018, 第6期: 76–82 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2018.06.012

• 生理生化·植物营养·栽培耕作 • 上一篇    下一篇

脱落酸对低温胁迫下玉米幼苗生长和光合特性的影响

田礼欣1,杨晔1,左师宇1,刘旋1,魏湜1,孙磊2,李晶1   

  1. 1 东北农业大学农学院,150030,黑龙江哈尔滨
    2 黑龙江省农业科学院土壤肥料与环境资源研究所,150086,黑龙江哈尔滨
  • 收稿日期:2018-06-04 修回日期:2018-09-05 出版日期:2018-12-15 发布日期:2018-12-06
  • 作者简介:田礼欣,硕士研究生,主要从事玉米栽培生理研究
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0300400)

Effects of Abscisic Acid on Growth and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Maize Seedlings under Low Temperature Stress

Tian Lixin1,Yang Ye1,Zuo Shiyu1,Liu Xuan1,Wei Shi1,Sun Lei2,Li Jing1   

  1. 1 College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China
    2 Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Environment Resources, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China
  • Received:2018-06-04 Revised:2018-09-05 Online:2018-12-15 Published:2018-12-06

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摘要：

脱落酸（ABA）是作物生产中广泛应用的一种植物激素。探究ABA对低温胁迫下玉米幼苗光合特性的影响,为阐明低温胁迫下玉米幼苗叶片光合结构的防御保护机制提供理论依据。以玉米品种“久龙5号”为试验材料,采用盆栽试验,探讨了低温胁迫0、2、4、6、8d下不同浓度脱落酸对玉米幼苗生长及光合特性的影响。结果表明,低温胁迫显著抑制玉米幼苗的正常生长,导致SPAD值下降,叶片净光合速率（Pn）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、气孔导度（Gs）、PSⅡ光化学最大效率（Fv/Fm）和潜在光化学效率（Fv/Fo）水平下降,初始荧光（Fo）显著升高。外源喷施适当浓度的ABA能够显著缓解由低温胁迫导致的玉米叶片Pn、Tr和Gs下降幅度,提高Fv/Fm和Fv/Fo,降低Fo水平。由此可见,外源施加适当浓度的ABA能提高幼苗叶片的光合能力,提高PSⅡ反应中心活性,促进物质积累,提高玉米幼苗的耐冷性。同时,外源施加ABA存在一定的浓度效应,即“低促高抑”。本研究所设计浓度范围中15mg/L ABA浓度对光合抑制缓解效果最显著。

关键词: 玉米, 脱落酸, 低温胁迫, 光合特性

Abstract:

Abscisic acid (ABA) is a plant hormone widely used in the physiological and biochemical processes of plants. The effects of ABA on photosynthetic characteristics of maize seedlings under low temperature stress were explored, which provided a theoretical basis for elucidating the defense and protection mechanism of photosynthetic structure of maize seedling leaves under low temperature stress. A pot experiment of maize seedlings (variety Jiulong 5) was conducted to investigate the changes of growth and photosynthetic characteristics of maize seedlings under different concentrations of abscisic acid at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 days after low temperature stress. The results showed that, the normal growth of maize seedlings was inhibited significantly under chilling stress. All the decreases in SPAD value, Pn, Tr, Gs, Fv/Fm, Fv/Fo and the increases in Fo reflected the inhibitory effects of chilling stress. Exogenous appropriate concentration of ABA led to a marked increase in Pn, Tr, Gs, Fv/Fm, Fv/Fo and the reduction in Fo of maize seedlings. Therefore, exogenous appropriate concentration of ABA could promote the photosynthesis, PSⅡ reactivity and substance accumulation, as well as enhance the chilling resistance of maize seedlings. Meanwhile, exogenous ABA has a certain concentration effect, that is, “low promotion and high inhibition”. The concentration of 15mg/L ABA in the designed concentration range was the most effective in alleviating the photosynthesis inhibition of chilling stress.

Key words: Maize, Abscisic acid, Chilling stress, Photosynthetic characteristics

图1

外源ABA对低温胁迫下玉米幼苗叶片SPAD的影响 CK：自来水+常温;C0：自来水+低温;C5：低温ABA浓度5mg/L;C15：低温ABA浓度15mg/L;C25：低温ABA浓度25mg/L;C35：低温ABA浓度35mg/L。柱形图上不同字母表示处理间存在显著性差异（P<0.05）。下同"

图2

外源ABA对低温胁迫下玉米幼苗叶片Pn的影响"

图3

外源ABA对低温胁迫下玉米幼苗叶片Tr的影响"

图4

外源ABA对低温胁迫下玉米幼苗叶片Gs的影响"

图5

外源ABA对低温胁迫下玉米幼苗叶片Fo的影响"

图6

外源ABA对低温胁迫下玉米幼苗叶片Fv/Fm的影响"

图7

外源ABA对低温胁迫下玉米幼苗叶片Fv/Fo的影响"

表1

外源ABA对低温胁迫下玉米幼苗叶片干重的影响"

处理
Treatment		 低温胁迫天数Days of chilling stress (d)
0 2 4 6 8
CK 0.35±0.03ab 0.45±0.02ab 0.50±0.04a 0.58±0.03a 0.83±0.03a
C0 0.32±0.03b 0.36±0.09b 0.42±0.01b 0.49±0.02b 0.72±0.02b
C5 0.34±0.03ab 0.41±0.02ab 0.45±0.04ab 0.56±0.02a 0.76±0.05ab
C15 0.38±0.02a 0.45±0.03a 0.48±0.03a 0.57±0.02a 0.82±0.03a
C25 0.34±0.05ab 0.44±0.03a 0.47±0.03ab 0.51±0.03ab 0.77±0.07ab
C35 0.31±0.03b 0.39±0.02ab 0.43±0.02b 0.55±0.02a 0.72±0.02b

表2

不同性状之间的相关性分析"

相关系数Correlation coefficient SPAD Pn Tr Gs Fo Fv/Fm Fv/Fo 叶片干重Leaf dry weight
SPAD 1
Pn 0.52* 1
Tr 0.64* 0.50 1
Gs 0.60* 0.51* 0.63* 1
Fo -0.65* -0.65* -0.66** -0.62* 1
Fv/Fm 0.76* 0.63* 0.79** 0.69* -0.78** 1
Fv/Fo 0.49* 0.62** 0.57* 0.53* -0.65* 0.70** 1
叶片干重Leaf dry weight -0.37* -0.48* -0.44 -0.43 0.49* -0.46* -0.42 1
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