秋水仙素诱导蚕豆及玉米根尖细胞染色体变异的研究

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2018.06.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为进一步了解秋水仙素对农作物根尖细胞染色体畸变的遗传毒害效应,以地方品种敏感型绿皮小粒蚕豆和饲用玉米为材料,研究不同浓度秋水仙素（0、0.01%、0.05%、0.10%、0.15%、0.20%）及不同培养时间（24、48、72h）对2种作物染色体的畸变影响。结果表明：秋水仙素能诱发根尖膨大,当秋水仙素浓度为0.20%处理24h,蚕豆根尖膨大率100%;秋水仙素浓度为0.20%处理72h,玉米根尖膨大率65.8%;适当浓度秋水仙素（0.01%、0.05%）可促进蚕豆和玉米根尖细胞的有丝分裂,当浓度≥0.10%,反而抑制蚕豆和玉米细胞分裂。在染色体畸变类型中,微核最多,其次是染色体断片,最少是染色体桥。秋水仙素浓度0.20%,处理时间72h,蚕豆畸变率和玉米畸变率均最高,分别为11.92%和7.25%;秋水仙素浓度0.10%,处理时间72h,蚕豆染色体加倍指数最高为7.97%;秋水仙素浓度0.20%,处理时间24h,玉米细胞加倍指数最高为4.64%。

关键词: 秋水仙素, 蚕豆, 玉米, 有丝分裂, 染色体变异

Abstract:

In order to further understand colchicine on genetic toxic effect on root tip cell chromosomal aberration of crops, Sensitive small Vicia faba and forage Zea mays were used as materials to research its mutation of the chromosomal aberration under the treatments of different concentration colchicine (0, 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15%, 0.20%) and different culture time (24h, 48h, 72h) treatment. The results showed that root tip swelling was induced by colchicine. The induction rate of root tip swelling of Vicia faba was 100% under the treatment of colchicine concentration 0.20% and treating period 24h, and the induction rate of Zea mays was 65.8% under the treatment of colchicine concentration 0.20% and treating period 72h. Mitosis of Vicia faba and Zea mays was promoted by low concentration of colchicine (0.01%, 0.05%) and was inhibited at high concentration (0.10% and more). A few types of chromosome aberration were induced, the rate of micronuclei aberration was the highest and then chromosome fragment aberration followed, the induction rate of chromosome bridge was the lowest. The chromosomal aberration rate was the highest under the treatment of colchicine concentration 0.20% and treating period 72 hours, the aberration rate of Vicia faba and Zea mays were 11.92% and 7.25% respectively. The highest chromosome doubling index of Vicia faba appeared under the treatment of colchicine concentration 0.10% and treating period 72h, and the doubling index was 7.97%. The highest chromosome doubling index of Zea mays appeared under the treatment of colchicine concentration 0.20% and treating period 24h, and the doubling index was 4.64%.

Key words: Colchicine, Vicia faba, Zea mays, Mitosis, Chromosomal mutation

吴丽芳,魏晓梅,陆伟东,赵艳,吕婷. 秋水仙素诱导蚕豆及玉米根尖细胞染色体变异的研究[J]. 作物杂志, 2018 (6): 22–26

Wu Lifang,Wei Xiaomei,Lu Weidong,Zhao Yan,Lü Ting. Research of Colchicine Induction on Root Tip Cells Chromosomal Mutation of Vicia faba and Zea mays[J]. Crops, 2018(6): 22–26

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秋水仙素质量分数(%) Colchicine concentration	蚕豆有丝分裂指数Mitotic index of Vicia faba			玉米有丝分裂指数Mitotic index of Zea mays
秋水仙素质量分数(%) Colchicine concentration	24h	48h	72h	24h	48h	72h
对照组CK	12.92bA	13.10bA	13.28aA	9.17cA	9.43aA	9.52aA
0.01	13.87aA	13.32abB	12.87bC	9.89bA	9.36aB	9.20abC
0.05	14.18aA	13.46aB	12.68bC	10.32aA	9.44aB	9.01bC
0.10	12.49bA	12.33cA	12.11cA	9.43cA	8.63bB	8.37cB
0.15	11.40cA	11.13dA	10.70dAB	9.21cA	8.46bB	8.27cC
0.20	10.44dA	9.40eB	8.90eB	7.78dA	7.27cAB	6.62dB

秋水仙素质量分数(%) Colchicine concentration	蚕豆染色体畸变率Chromosome aberration rate of Vicia faba			玉米染色体畸变率Chromosome aberration rate of Zea mays
秋水仙素质量分数(%) Colchicine concentration	24h	48h	72h	24h	48h	72h
0.01	3.32eC	4.28eB	4.89eA	2.34dC	3.84cB	4.31eA
0.05	4.66dB	4.89dB	6.24dA	3.60cC	4.45cB	4.95dA
0.10	6.50cC	8.28cB	10.28cA	4.64bB	5.29bB	6.17cA
0.15	9.22bC	10.38bB	10.97bA	5.52aC	5.93aB	6.83bA
0.20	10.37aC	11.27aB	11.92aA	5.77aB	6.37aB	7.25aA

秋水仙素质量分数(%) Colchicine concentration	蚕豆根尖细胞染色体加倍指数 Chromosome doubling index of root tip cells of Vicia faba			玉米根尖细胞染色体加倍指数 Chromosome doubling index of root tip cells of Zea mays
秋水仙素质量分数(%) Colchicine concentration	24h	48h	72h	24h	48h	72h
0.01	3.49dC	5.51cB	6.46cdA	1.85bB	2.70cA	2.78cA
0.05	4.71cC	6.33bB	7.45bA	2.19bB	3.40bA	3.43bA
0.10	5.09bC	7.11aB	7.97aA	4.45aA	4.21aA	3.86ab
0.15	5.44bB	6.19bAB	6.70cA	4.04aA	4.21aA	4.17a
0.20	5.91aB	6.23bA	6.23dA	4.64aA	4.19aA	4.28a