叶面喷施5-氨基乙酰丙酸对不同密度春玉米生长特性和产量的影响

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2019.02.021

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探讨5-氨基乙酰丙酸（5-aminolevulinic acid,ALA）对不同密度春玉米生长发育和产量的影响,以中单909为材料,在玉米9展叶时期叶面喷施100mg/L ALA,以喷施等量清水为对照,在大田条件下研究ALA对不同密度春玉米群体（45 000、75 000、105 000株/hm ²）的作用效果。结果表明：ALA处理下,玉米45 000和75 000株/hm ²密度群体产量分别比对照增加9.7%和4.9%,75 000株/hm ²密度群体千粒重和收获期单株干物质积累量分别增加3.7%和4.3%,花后叶面积指数平均增加6.8%,SPAD值比对照分别平均增加2.5%,净光合速率平均比对照高15.7%。综上所述,ALA处理改善了大田玉米的群体结构,延缓了叶片衰老进程,提高了地上部分干物质积累量,进而提高了玉米单产水平,因此可作为东北春玉米高产稳产的技术措施。

关键词: 5-氨基乙酰丙酸, 春玉米, 密度, 群体结构, 产量

Abstract:

To explore the effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) on spring maize growth and yield and its physiological mechanisms, a split-spot experiment was conducted in Gongzhuling experiment station, Jilin Province. Maize hybrid Zhongdan 909 was used with low (45 000 plant/hm ²), middle (75 000 plant/hm ²) and high (105 000 plant/hm ²) planting population. The results showed that the yield increased by 9.7% and 4.9% in the densities of 45 000 and 75 000 plant/hm ² compared with the control ALA treatments, respectively. Under the density of 75 000 plant/hm ², ALA treatment increased maize thousand kernel weight, dry matter accumulation at harvest, leaf area index after anthesis, SPAD value and net photosynthetic rate by 3.7%, 4.3%, 6.8%, 2.5% and 15.7%, respectively, compared with that of control treatment under the same plant density. In conclusion, ALA improved canopy structure of maize plant in field conditions, delayed leaf senescence process, increased aboveground dry matter accumulation, which in turn, increased maize yield. Therefore, ALA could be used as a technical measure for high and stable yield of spring maize in Northeast China.

Key words: ALA, Spring maize, Density, Population structure, Yield

唐会会,许艳丽,王庆燕,马正波,李光彦,董会,董志强. 叶面喷施5-氨基乙酰丙酸对不同密度春玉米生长特性和产量的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2019 (2): 136–141

Huihui Tang,Yanli Xu,Qingyan Wang,Zhengbo Ma,Guangyan Li,Hui Dong,Zhiqiang Dong. Effects of Foliar Spraying 5-Aminolevulinic Acid on Spring Maize Growth and Yield under Different Planting Densities[J]. Crops, 2019(2): 136–141

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年份 Year	处理 Treatment	穗长(cm) Ear length	秃尖长(cm) Bare tip length	穗粗(mm) Ear diameter	穗粒数 Kernel number per ear	千粒重(g) Thousand kernel weight	产量(kg/hm²) Yield
2016	CK4.5	19.8±0.6	0.5±0.6	54.5±0.7	623.9±53.2	371.9±5.9	11 888.4±838.5
	TR4.5	20.1±0.1	0.3±0.5	54.4±0.8	627.8±65.4	348.2±9.0	13 676.3±244.5^**
	CK7.5	17.5±0.8	0.9±0.3	51.6±0.6	582.0±58.2	309.0±10.2	12 848.3±603.0
	TR7.5	17.6±0.6	0.7±0.4	52.2±0.5	578.3±73.8	318.2±9.0	13 930.8±116.0
	CK10.5	16.2±0.6	0.6±0.4	48.5±0.7	503.3±42.5	277.8±13.0	11 691.3±1 380.0
	TR10.5	15.6±1.1	0.9±0.6	49.7±0.4^*	475.6±51.8	300.6±6.6^**	11 016.2±684.9
2017	CK4.5	22.0±0.8	0.5±0.7	51.6±3.2	689.9±75.8	303.0±20.9	12 395.5±554.4
	TR4.5	21.8±0.9	0.5±0.6	52.1±1.4	702.4±49.8	330.0±6.9^*	12 923.7±594.0^*
	CK7.5	19.9±0.8	0.9±0.6	48.9±1.6	638.6±74.9	266.3±8.1	12 589.3±710.1
	TR7.5	18.7±1.5	1.2±0.7	48.5±1.7	555.3±80.6	277.9±16.9	12 762.5±648.9
	CK10.5	18.2±0.8	1.6±0.8	46.4±2.3	539.8±61.4	250.2±13.2	11 618.7±461.6
	TR10.5	18.0±1.0	1.6±0.5	45.9±1.6	530.4±69.4	248.7±27.6	11 523.6±1 113.2

年份	处理 Treatment	生育时期Growth stage
年份	处理 Treatment	V12	VT	VT+20	VT+40
2016	CK4.5	59.4±1.2	62.4±2.5	63.5±2.2	61.8±2.4
	TR4.5	60.2±0.6	62.5±0.4	64.0±2.5	63.3±1.3
	CK7.5	58.4±0.6	61.3±2.2	63.0±2.3	58.9±3.7
	TR7.5	59.8±0.8	61.7±0.8	60.3±1.2	58.4±1.9
	CK10.5	57.0±0.9	54.9±1.3	61.3±0.6	54.4±3.0
	TR10.5	60.5±0.5	59.6±1.1	59.4±1.5	55.8±3.7
2017	CK4.5	58.2±4.2	63.5±2.4	67.4±3.4	60.9±1.8
	TR4.5	62.5±1.6	59.9±3.3	65.0±3.7	59.8±2.5
	CK7.5	54.4±3.6	60.4±1.5	61.6±4.5	57.1±5.9
	TR7.5	54.6±5.0	56.4±5.1	60.6±1.7	60.7±2.7
	CK10.5	51.2±4.5	53.0±3.3	55.7±3.8	49.2±3.7
	TR10.5	52.0±5.7	57.1±3.5	56.9±3.8	52.0±2.5