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作物杂志,2020, 第1期: 146–153 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2020.01.024

• 生理生化·植物营养·栽培耕作 • 上一篇    下一篇

覆盖方式对旱地春玉米根冠生长及水分利用效率的影响

司雷勇,夏镇卿,金岩,陈广周,王广福,路海东(),薛吉全   

  1. 西北农林科技大学农学院/农业农村部西北旱区玉米生物学与遗传育种重点实验室,712100,陕西杨凌
  • 收稿日期:2019-07-23 修回日期:2019-09-11 出版日期:2020-02-15 发布日期:2020-02-23
  • 通讯作者: 路海东 E-mail:lhd2042@163.com
  • 作者简介:司雷勇,研究方向为玉米高产高效栽培,E-mail: sly_3531@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(31771724);陕西省科技重点研发计划项目(2018-NY-031);西北农林科技大学推广专项(TGZX2018-10)

Impacts of Different Mulching Patterns on Root-Shoot Growth of Spring Maize and Water Use Efficiency in Dry Land

Si Leiyong,Xia Zhenqing,Jin Yan,Chen Guangzhou,Wang Guangfu,Lu Haidong(),Xue Jiquan   

  1. College of Agronomy, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
  • Received:2019-07-23 Revised:2019-09-11 Online:2020-02-15 Published:2020-02-23
  • Contact: Haidong Lu E-mail:lhd2042@163.com

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摘要：

为了探讨干旱半干旱地区不同覆盖方式对春玉米根冠生长状况及水分利用的影响,2014-2015年在陕西省西北旱作区开展了不同覆盖方式试验。设黑色地膜覆盖（BF）、白色地膜覆盖（WF）、秸秆覆盖（MS）和裸地不覆盖（CK）4个处理。试验于玉米生长的各个主要时期测定了玉米地下根系和地上部植株生长量,玉米收获后测定产量与水分利用效率。结果表明,黑色地膜覆盖较白色地膜覆盖、秸秆覆盖和裸地栽培能更好地协调玉米生育期的根冠比,明显促进了玉米吐丝期后的根冠生长,成熟期玉米根系体积黑色地膜覆盖方式下较白色地膜覆盖、秸秆覆盖和裸地栽培2年平均分别增加16.51%、21.18%和44.23%,单株干重2年平均分别增加9.34%、21.66%和40.68%。黑色地膜覆盖方式下玉米生育后期的群体叶面积指数高,根冠比大,产量显著增加,水分利用效率明显提高。玉米2年平均水分利用效率黑色地膜覆盖方式较普通白色地膜覆盖方式和秸秆覆盖方式分别提高9.41%和13.75%。在西北旱作地区,黑色地膜覆盖方式具有协调玉米根冠生长和提高玉米水分利用效率的增产效果。

关键词: 玉米, 覆盖方式, 根冠比, 水分利用效率

Abstract:

In order to explore the effects of different mulch patterns on growth of root shoot ratio of spring maize and water use efficiency in arid and semi-arid regions, different mulch patterns were tested in dryland of northwest, Shaanxi Province from 2014 to 2015. This study included four treatments, black plastic film mulch (BF), white plastic film mulch (WF), maize straw mulch (MS) and bare land without plastic film mulch (CK). The growth of maize underground roots and aboveground plants was measured systematically in each main stage of maize growth, the yield and water use efficiency were measured after maize harvest. The results showed that black plastic film mulching could better coordinate the root shoot ratio in the growth stage of maize than the white plastic film mulch, maize straw mulch and bare land without plastic film mulch, and especially significantly promoted root shoot rotio growth after maize tasseling stage. The average root volume of two years increased by 16.51%, 21.18% and 44.23%, and the average dry weight of individual maize of two years increased by 9.34%, 21.66% and 40.68% respectively in the mature stage. Under the black plastic film mulch treatment, the population at the later stage of maize growth had higher leaf area index, higher root-shoot ratio, significantly increased grain yield and significantly increased water use efficiency. The two year average maize water use efficiency under the black plastic film mulch treatment was increased by 9.41% and 13.75% than white plastic film mulch treatment and maize straw mulch treatment, respectively. Therefore, black plastic film mulch could increase yield by coordinating root and crown growth of maize and improve the water use efficiency in the northwest arid area.

Key words: Maize, Mulching pattern, Root-shoot ratio, Water use efficiency

图1

玉米生育期内温度和降雨量"

图2

玉米不同生育期0~90cm土层单株根系干重 BF,黑色地膜覆盖;WF,白色地膜覆盖;MS,玉米秸秆覆盖;CK,裸地。V6,拔节期;V12,大喇叭口期;VT,吐丝期;R3,灌浆期;R6,成熟期。不同小写字母表示不同处理在0.05水平差异显著。下同"

图3

不同覆盖条件下玉米各生育期根系体积变化"

图4

不同覆盖条件下玉米各生育期地上部单株干重变化"

图5

不同覆盖条件下玉米各生育期群体LAI变化"

图6

不同覆盖条件下玉米各生育期的根冠比"

表1

不同覆盖方式下玉米产量、耗水量及WUE"

处理
Treatment		 产量Yield (kg/hm2) 耗水量Water consumption (mm) 水分利用效率
Water use efficiency [kg/(hm2·mm)]
2014 2015 2014 2015 2014 2015
WF 11 070.65b 11 249.40b 447.18b 445.01b 24.76b 25.28b
BF 12 153.70a 12 307.58a 448.06b 445.38b 27.12a 27.63a
MS 10 343.40c 10 507.74c 433.62c 432.69c 23.85c 24.28b
CK 9 962.80d 9 987.03d 454.21a 453.41a 21.93d 22.03c
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